Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding the avian receptor for vitamin D

Vitamin D3 receptors are intracellular proteins that mediate the nuclear action of the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Two receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to recover the complementary DNA (cDNA) of this regulatory protein from a chicken intestinal lambda gt11 cDNA expression library. The amino acid sequences that were deduced from this cDNA revealed a highly conserved cysteine-rich region that displayed homology with a domain characteristic of other steroid receptors and with the gag-erbA oncogene product of avian erythroblastosis virus. RNA selected via hybridization with this DNA sequence directed the cell-free synthesis of immunoprecipitable vitamin D3 receptor. Northern blot analysis of polyadenylated RNA with these cDNA probes revealed two vitamin D receptor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of 2.6 and 3.2 kilobases in receptor-containing chicken tissues and a major cross-hybridizing receptor mRNA species of 4.2 kilobases in mouse 3T6 fibroblasts. The 4.2-kilobase species was substantially increased by prior exposure of 3T6 cells to 1,25(OH)2D3. This cDNA represents perhaps the rarest mRNA cloned to date in eukaryotes, as well as the first receptor sequence described for an authentic vitamin.     

鸡生长激素cDNA及其5'端调控区的克隆分析

从肉用品种鸡构建的垂体文库中克隆分离了鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ,并作了核苷酸序列测定。克隆的鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列全长为７８９个碱基对,其中５＇非转译区为４０个碱基对,３’非转译区为１０１个碱基对,编码区为６４８个碱基对。通过序列比较分析,克隆的鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列与已报道的蛋用品种鸡生长激素ｃＤＮＡ序列的同源性为９６％,与鸭生长激素序列的同源性为８７％,但与火鸡生长激素序列的同源性只有５２％。通过ＰＣＲ技术,本研究还扩增了６个鸡品种的生长激素基因５’端调控区。尽管这些鸡品种的生产性能差异显著,但序列分析表明鸡生长激素基因５’端调控区十分保守。因而,鸡生长激素基因表达的差异可能受到内含子或３’端侧翼序列的影响。另外,鸡生长激素对多人数量性状的影响也在本文中进行了讨论。     

Structure and diversity of the human T-cell receptor beta-chain variable region genes

In order to characterize the variability of the expressed human T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain repertoire and contrast this variability to the known murine beta-chain repertoire, 15 independent complementary DNA (cDNA) clones containing TCR beta-chain variable region (V beta) genes were isolated from a human tonsil cDNA library. The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences of these 15 V beta genes were analyzed together with 7 previously defined sequences. Fifteen different human V beta genes could be identified from 22 independent sequences. By means of DNA hybridization and sequence homology comparisons, it was possible to group these 15 genes into ten distinct V beta subfamilies, each containing from one to seven members. Minimal polymorphism was noted between individuals, except in multimember subfamilies. The amino acid sequences of these genes contain conserved amino acids that are also shared by murine TCR V beta genes and immunoglobulins; no features were found that distinguish human V beta genes from their murine counterparts. Evaluation of secondary structure showed that maximum variability coincides with generally hydrophilic portions of the amino acid sequence, while specific hydrophobic regions were conserved in all V beta genes examined.     

鹌鹑VIPR-1的克隆、序列特征和组织表达分析

【目的】对鹌鹑血管活性肠肽1型受体（vasoacitve intestinal peptide type 1 receptor,VIPR-1）cDNA全长基因进行克隆及分析,为鹌鹑的分子育种提供基础资料。【方法】通过比较基因组学,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,获得鹌鹑了VIPR-1 cDNA全长序列;通过生物学软件对其核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列进行了比对;采用实时定量PCR方法检测了VIPR-1在8个组织中的表达。【结果】鹌鹑VIPR-1的cDNA全长2 427 bp,包含了1 341 bp的开放性阅读框,编码446个氨基酸;序列分析显示,克隆获得的鹌鹑VIPR-1编码区序列与鸡该编码区序列存在41个碱基的差异,造成4个氨基酸残基的不同;VIPR-1氨基酸序列与鸡、火鸡、斑胸草雀的氨基酸的一致性分别为99.1%、92.2%、88%,与其它物种的一致性在60%-78%;各物种VIPR-1蛋白进化树符合物种进化规律;VIPR-1理化性质表明该蛋白为一偏碱性蛋白,蛋白二级结构主要由α-螺旋、β-折叠和β-转角构成;在N-端存在一个由22个氨基酸残基（MKSARLRVLLPLLGCLLSAASS）组成的信号肽,7个α-螺旋构成的跨膜域和C-端结构域,在跨膜域有胆固醇结合位点;在所检测的8个组织中VIPR-1 mRNA均有表达,在小肠中表达量最高。【结论】成功地克隆了鹌鹑VIPR-1 cDNA全长序列,该基因在小肠组织的表达高于其它组织,在跨膜域存在胆固醇结合位点。     

五指山小型猪生长激素释放激素受体基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

[目的]克隆五指山小型猪生长激素释放激素（GHRH）受体基因的cDNA,并对其进行序列分析。[方法]以五指山小型猪耳组织提取的基因纽RNA为模板,根据已报道的猪GHRHRcDNA序列设计3对引物,用RT—PCR方法进行cDNA扩增。PCR产物经回收纯化后,与pMD18-T连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5a,转化产物经PCR和双酶切鉴定后筛选出阳性克隆,阳性克隆经LB液体培养基培养鉴定后测序。[结果]成功获得了五指山小型猪GHRH受体基因的cDNA,该片段长1577bp,编码423个氨基酸。BLAST分析结果表明,该片段与猪GHRH受体基因仅有23个碱基的差异,同源性为98％;而两者GHRH受体基因均由423个氨基酸组成,序列同源性为96％。[结论]该研究为进一步揭示五指山小型猪的矮小机理提供了理论依据。     

Molecular Cloning of Myostatin Partial cDNA of Beijing Duck and Its Expression in Breast Muscle

In this experiment, 500 bp cDNA of myostatin gene was cloned from a Beijing duck＇s breast, The duck myostatin gene was found to have 98, 96, 95, 88, and 87% sequence similarity at the cDNA level with domestic goose, chicken, domestic pigeon, human, and pig, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence has an overall similarity with a comparable region of turkey 99%, domestic goose 98%, and chicken 99%. Conserved domains of deduced amino acids showed that it belonged to the TGF-beta family. Myostatin expression in breast muscle was higher at 28, 35, and 42 days than at 7, 14, and 21 days. The pattern of myostatin expression was closely parallel to the trend of breast muscle growth, suggesting that myostatin might play an important role in breast muscle development. It was possible to postulate that myostatin may be a major determinant of muscle mass in breast muscle, as shown in other species.     

鸭肝脏基础型脂肪酸结合蛋白Lb-FABP基因的克隆、组织表达谱和序列特征分析

 【目的】克隆仙湖肉鸭肝脏基础型脂肪酸结合蛋白Lb-FABP基因的cDNA,并进行组织表达谱和蛋白结构分析,为肉鸭的分子育种提供基础资料。【方法】通过比较基因组学,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,获得了Lb-FABP基因的cDNA序列全长序列;并采用半定量PCR分析了Lb-FABP基因在16个组织的表达;通过生物信息学方法预测了Lb-FABP基因的蛋白结构。【结果】仙湖肉鸭Lb-FABP基因的cDNA全长548bp,包括97bp长的5′非翻译区(5′UTR)和70 bp长的 3′非翻译区(3′UTR)以及381 bp开放阅读框(ORF,含终止密码子)。Lb-FABP基因组序列包括4个外显子和3个内含子,3个内含子分别长为991 bp、292 bp和713 bp。在所检测的16个组织中Lb-FABP基因mRNA均有表达,尤其在肝脏组织中的表达明显高于其它组织。Lb-FABP理化性质表明该蛋白为一偏碱性蛋白,无明显的信号肽和跨膜区域;蛋白二级结构主要由β折叠和少量的α螺旋、loop环构成,预测发现在第5—22氨基酸残基处存在一个细胞溶质脂肪酸结合蛋白活性功能区;其三维结构由反向平行的10条β链及2条短α链组成的有一开口的“蛋白桶”构成。Lb-FABP基因氨基酸序列与鸡的该基因氨基酸的相似性为97.0%,与其它非哺乳脊椎动物的同源性达80%以上,比对尚未发现哺乳动物存在该基因。【结论】成功克隆肉鸭Lb-FABP基因cDNA序列以及基因组序列,该基因在肝脏组织的表达高于其它组织,并获知在5—22氨基酸处存在其蛋白活性功能区。     

法氏囊炎病毒VP2基因高变区片段的克隆与鉴定

[目的]研究法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白的抗原表位在机体免疫应答中的作用和特点。[方法]以接种传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)的鸡胚尿囊液为模板,根据Genbank中登录的IBDV的VP2蛋白基因的全序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR扩增获得VP2高变区部分片段,将其克隆到原核表达质粒PGEX-4T-1中,经酶切鉴定后,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)BL21,筛选阳性克隆并对其进行测序鉴定。[结果]通过PCR扩增获得一个504bp的扩增片段,序列分析结果表明它与GenBank中登录的IBDV的VP2蛋白基因的核苷酸序列同源性达99.8%,其氨基酸序列的同源性为99.4%,说明各毒株间高变区基因序列保守性很高。[结论]法氏囊炎病毒毒株在两个大小亲水区内的氨基酸都非常保守。     

五指山小型猪生长激素释放激素受体基因的cDNA克隆及序列分析

1材料与方法 1．1材料随机采集五指山猪品种耳组织样共30份,将其迅速放入液氮带回实验室,-70℃保存备用。 1．2试剂RT—PCRKit、PCR产物纯化回收试剂盒、重组质粒抽提试剂盒,均购自天根生物工程有限公司;SalⅠ、BamHⅠ、pMD18-TVector试剂盒、Ecoli DH5α均购自TaKaRa公司。     

北京鸭IGF-1cDNA部分序列的克隆及其在胸肌组织表达的发育性变化

为探讨IGF-1基因对北京鸭胸肌发育的影响,试验克隆了北京鸭IGF-1 cDNA的部分序列,分析了其核苷酸及编码的氨基酸序列与其他物种的同源性,并检测了IGF-1 mRNA在不同日龄北京鸭胸肌中表达的发育性变化。结果表明,克隆的鸭IGF-1 cDNA部分序列长507 bp,编码168个氨基酸,核苷酸序列与鸡、家鸭、鹌鹑、火鸡、鸵鸟、人和猪的同源性分别为98％,99％,97％,98％,96％,84％和82％,编码的氨基酸序列与家鸭、鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、人、挪威鼠和猪的同源性分别为99％,98％,97％,97％,84％,79％和84％。表明北京鸭与家鸭的亲缘关系最近,与鸡、鹌鹁、火鸡、鸵鸟也有较近的亲缘关系;北京鸭胸肌中IGF-1 mRNA表达丰度在7,14,21 日龄间和28, 35,42日龄间的差异均不显著(P>0．05),但28,35,42 日龄显著高于7,14,21日龄(P<0．05),说明在北京鸭胸肌发育较快的时期,IGF-1 mRNA表达量也较高,IGF-1 mRNA的表达量与胸肌的发育呈正相关。     

Primary structure and biochemical properties of an M2 muscarinic receptor

A partial amino acid sequence obtained for porcine atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor was used to isolate complementary DNA clones containing the complete receptor coding region. The deduced 466-amino acid polypeptide exhibits extensive structural and sequence homology with other receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins (for example, the beta-adrenergic receptor and rhodopsins); this similarity predicts a structure of seven membrane-spanning regions distinguished by the disposition of a large cytoplasmic domain. Stable transfection of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line with the atrial receptor complementary DNA leads to the binding of muscarinic antagonists in these cells with affinities characteristic of the M2 receptor subtype. The atrial muscarinic receptor is encoded by a unique gene consisting of a single coding exon and multiple, alternatively spliced 5' noncoding regions. The atrial receptor is distinct from the cerebral muscarinic receptor gene product, sharing only 38% overall amino acid homology and possessing a completely nonhomologous large cytoplasmic domain, suggesting a role for the latter region in differential effector coupling.     

四季鹅C4B基因的克隆及其表达(英文)

[目的]克隆四季鹅的C4B基因,并检测其在鹅体内的表达情况。[方法]应用RACEPCR的方法克隆C4B基因的cDNA序列,登录GenBank进行多物种蛋白氨基酸序列比对并构建进化树,以分析同源性。[结果]四季鹅C4B与鸡、鹌鹑2种禽类的同源性较高;在成体鹅中C4B主要在肝、肺中呈现高水平表达,在附睾、输精管、脑、肾、睾丸、心、输卵管、小肠中呈低表达。[结论]该试验应用荧光定量PCR的方法测定了C4B基因在正常状态下四季鹅不同组织、器官中mRNA的表达量,为快速诊断某些疾病提供依据。     

IBDV地方野毒株(XX株)VP2基因高变区的克隆与序列分析

参考GenBank发表的传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)基因组序列,设计并合成了1对特异扩增IBDVVP2基因高变区的引物。应用RT-PCR法,对分离于新乡地区典型发病鸡群的IBDV(XX株)进行了VP2基因高变区的克隆与序列分析,并和相关毒株进行了比较。结果表明,XX株与超强毒株UK661,OKYM高度相似,核苷酸同源性分别为98.73%,99.15%,氨基酸同源性都为100%,而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大。     

广西水牛ghrelin cDNA的克隆及序列分析

[目的]克隆广西水牛ghrelin的cDNA并对其进行序列分析。[方法]以广西沼泽型水牛的真胃底组织总RNA为模板,用特异性引物扩增ghrelin的cDNA。扩增产物经凝胶回收纯化后与pMD 18-T连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5d,转化产物经PCR和双酶切鉴定后筛选出阳性克隆,阳性克隆经5×1ml LB液体培养基培养鉴定后测序。[结果]成功获得了广西水牛ghrelin的cDNA,该片段长339bp,编码113个氨基酸。BLAST分析结果表明,该片段与黄牛前原ghrelin基因仅有6个碱基的差异,同源性为98．2％;而两者ghrelin均由27个氨基酸组成,序列同源性为1013％。[结论]为进一步研究ghrelin基因的生物学功能提了供理论基础。     

Norwalk virus genome cloning and characterization

Major epidemic outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis result from infections with Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses. Virus purified from stool specimens of volunteers experimentally infected with Norwalk virus was used to construct recombinant complementary DNA (cDNA) and derive clones representing most of the viral genome. The specificity of the clones was shown by their hybridization with post- (but not pre-) infection stool samples from volunteers infected with Norwalk virus and with purified Norwalk virus. A correlation was observed between the appearance of hybridization signals in stool samples and clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis in volunteers. Hybridization assays between overlapping clones, restriction enzyme analyses, and partial nucleotide sequence information of the clones indicated that Norwalk virus contains a single-stranded RNA genome of positive sense, with a polyadenylated tail at the 3' end and a size of at least 7.5 kilobases. A consensus amino acid sequence motif typical of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases was identified in one of the Norwalk virus clones. The availability of Norwalk-specific cDNA and the new sequence information of the viral genome should permit the development of sensitive diagnostic assays and studies of the molecular biology of the virus.     

鸡、鹅肌肉生成抑制因子基因的克隆及序列分析

采用反转录．聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,从鸡胚、鹅胚中扩增得到肌肉生成抑制因子基因,分别克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体中进行序列测定．结果表明,克隆得到的MSTN基因序列均由1128个核苷酸组成,MSTN基因序列同源性为94．6％,推导相应氨基酸序列的同源性达97．9％．     

金荞麦二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因（FdDFR1）的克隆及序列分析

 【目的】克隆金荞麦二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因（FdDFR1）,分析其序列特征。【方法】利用同源克隆的原理,采用RACE结合cDNA文库筛选的方法,从金荞麦cDNA文库中克隆DFR基因（FdDFR1）;对其序列进行生物信息学分析和Southern杂交检测。【结果】克隆到一个DFR蛋白基因（FdDFR1）,通过Southern杂交分析,推测在金荞麦基因组中DFR基因是1～2个基因的小家族,FdDFR1是单拷贝基因;FdDFR1基因编码一个长341个氨基酸的蛋白质,在N端存在一个NADP结合位点“VTGASGFVGSWLVMRLLEHGY”,还存在一个底物结合特异性决定的氨基酸基序“TVNVEEKQKPVYDETCWSDVDFCRRV”。【结论】首次从金荞麦中克隆到类黄酮代谢的中期关键酶基因（FdDFR1）,它具有DFR同源基因的典型特征。