浅谈鸡链球菌病的防治

鸡链球菌病是由链球菌引起的一种急性或慢性传染病,是危害养禽业较大的疾病之一.本文主要介绍了该病的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防治措施.希望能对该病的防治提供一定的理论基础.     

新城疫流行病学新特点及鹅新城疫防控策略

新城疫是危害我国养禽业最严重的疫病之一,与高致病性禽流感并列为世界公认的最重要的两个禽类疫病.该病为OIE规定的必须报告的疾病,也是我国规定的一类动物疫病,世界各国对新城疫的防治和研究一直十分重视.由于对该病采取的严格防控措施,包括扑杀、强制性免疫等,新城疫的爆发流行得到了一定的控制.自2005年5月以来,我国新城疫发生的频率、数量和规模总体在减少,但是我国每年仍然至少有一半以上的省市区有该病发生.众多临床病例表明,新城疫在我国家禽群体中仍呈常在的地方流行,该病仍然是养禽业必须关注的重点疫病.     

浅谈鸡传染性支气管炎的防治

鸡传染性支气管炎是由传染性支气管炎病毒引起的一种急性传染病,是养禽业主要的疫病之一.本文主要阐述了该病的病毒、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防治措施,希望能给该病的防控提供一定的帮助.     

禽源大肠杆菌耐药现状与防治对策

大肠杆菌病自1894年首次被报道以来,在世界各地均有发生,已成为影响养禽业发展的主要疾病之一。其临床症状和病理变化多样,且常并发感染于病毒性疾病或其他细菌病,感染率、发病率、死亡率越来越高,已成为养禽业中最常见的、防治困难的重要疾病之一,因而给养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失。我国多采用药物防治大肠杆菌病,然而随着抗菌药物的不断应用,     

鸡场新城疫的生物安全防控

新城疫是禽类的主要病毒性传染病之一,给养禽业造成了严重的经济损失.近年来,新城疫多以非典型性鸡新城疫症状出现,许多鸡场在应用多种防治措施之后,仍有该病的发生,致使新城疫在鸡群中难以根除.因此,预防新城疫的发生对养禽业至关重要.生物安全体系是预防临床或亚临床疾病发生的一种畜、禽生产安全体系,重点强调环境因素在保证动物健康中所起的决定性作用.此体系不仅可以减少病原微生物的数量,切断传播途径,而且对食品安全和家禽贸易有重要影响.同时,对鸡场预防新城疫具有非凡的意义.本文从不同方而对鸡新城疫生物安全防控作一简要介绍.     

不同免疫程序新城疫抗体消长规律分析

新城疫一直是严重危害我国养禽业的重要疾病,疫苗免疫是预防该病的主要手段[1].新城疫的免疫主要以体液免疫应答为主,疫苗主要有弱毒疫苗和灭活疫苗两种,应用中通过优化两种疫苗的免疫程序获得高水平而且持久的抗体来减少新城疫对家禽的危害.     

威力克疫苗在黄羽肉鸡中的应用

鸡传染性法氏囊病( IBD)又称鸡传染性腔上囊病,是由传染性法氏囊病病毒( IBDV)引起的雏鸡和青年鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染性疾病.该病对3周龄以上的鸡发病率高,死亡率大,呈明显的尖峰式死亡,死亡率一般在5％～20％,而且该病病原主要破坏鸡的中枢免疫器官,引起鸡体免疫机能障碍,干扰疫苗的免疫效果,导致严重的、长期的免疫抑制,诱发多种疫病,一旦发病,较难彻底根除,是目前养禽业最重要的疾病之一.     

春防鸡传染性法氏囊病

鸡传染性法氏囊病又称鸡传染性腔上囊病,是由传染性法氏囊病毒引起的一种急性、高度接触传染性疾病。法氏囊、肾脏病变和腿肌、胸肌出血,淋巴细胞严重受损为该病的主要特征。该病引起鸡的免疫机能严重障碍,对疫病的抵抗力减弱并干扰各种疫苗的免疫效果,是目前制约养禽业健康发展,降低经济效益的重要疾病之一。     

秋冬季节禽流感的综合防治

正禽流感是危害养鸡业主要疾病之一,该病又称为真性鸡瘟或欧洲鸡瘟,禽流感发病具有明显的季节性,以秋冬季节多发。本文根据禽流感的流行特点,并对禽流感的秋冬季综合防治进行综述,以期为养鸡生产实践中提供指导意义。禽流感是世界养禽业的重要疾病之一,可以感染不同的禽类,当禽类感染了禽流感后,造成了很强的死亡率,给养禽业造成严重的经济损失,严重影响着世界养禽业的发展。鸡的流感病主要由A型流感病毒引起鸡一类     

雏鸡魏氏梭菌病的诊断和防治

感染禽类的魏氏梭菌主要是A型魏氏梭菌,其次是C型魏氏梭菌,可分为临床型疾病和亚临床型疾病两种.临床型坏死性肠炎主要危害2~5周龄的雏鸡,临床特征为急性死亡和高死亡率,给养禽业带来巨大的经济损失.亚临床型疾病主要表现为肠黏膜局灶性坏死、肝炎或胆管性肝炎.同时,魏氏梭菌还能引起人类和其他动物发病.因此,对魏氏梭菌病的防治就显得尤为重要.本文主要讨论了雏鸡魏氏梭菌病的临床症状及病理剖检变化、发病原因,并提出有效防治措施,为该病的防治提供参考.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.