奶牛胃弛缓与瘤胃积食的治疗

奶牛胃弛缓与瘤胃积食的治疗王振学（哈尔滨市呼兰县兽医院１５０５００）对奶牛前胃性弛缓和瘤胃积食（食滞）所引起的食欲、反刍、和泌乳减少或停止的治疗。应按具体情况，施行合理的、科学的对症方法。自１９５４～１９９４年的４０年间，笔者临床诊断约２４００多例，...     

当归苁蓉汤治疗牛前胃病

牛前胃病主要包括前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食和瘤胃臌气.笔者用"当归苁蓉汤"治疗慢性瘤胃积食和虚弱型前胃弛缓病牛215例,治愈198例,治愈率达92%.     

奶牛的前胃疾病防治

前胃疾病在奶牛常见病中,消化道疾病占据主要地位,而前胃病在消化道病中占有很大比例.主要包括前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气等.     

高渗氯化钠可治疗奶牛多种疾病

高渗氯化钠可治疗奶牛多种疾病黑龙江安达农民中专（１５１４００）姚允绂１治疗奶牛内科病１．１兴奋瘤胃，促进胃肠蠕动：奶牛患有前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气等病程中，胃的蠕动功能下降，高渗氯化钠注射液有兴奋瘤胃、促进胃肠蠕动作用。临床上可用１０％氯化钠注射...     

奶牛前胃疾病36例诊治分析报告

瘤胃、瓣胃及网胃统称前胃。前胃疾病是奶牛的常发病,在奶牛疾病中占很大比例,因此对前胃疾病的防治与研究,对奶牛的发展有着极其重要的意义。1病因分析1.1前胃疾病传统分类,一般分为前胃驰缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃臌气,创伤性网胃炎,瓣胃阻塞5种。前胃弛缓时,瘤胃功能与     

奶牛瘤胃积食继发低钾血症的诊治

瘤胃积食是接纳过多或后送障碍所致的瘤胃急性扩张。瘤胃容积增大、内容物停滞和阻塞、瘤胃运动和消化机能障碍形成脱水和毒血症。主要是因前胃收缩力弱、采食了大量难消化饲草或易膨胀的饲料所致。它的发生是在前胃弛缓的基础上,瘤胃运转发生障碍,造成瘤胃积食。常常会发生食欲废绝、反刍停止,治疗不及时往往会导致机体脱水和营养代谢障碍。笔者就临床一例奶牛急性瘤胃积食继发低钾血症的诊治情况进行详细介绍。     

"榔片散"加减治疗奶牛前胃疾病

在奶牛场中,奶牛消化系统疾病占总发病的30%,其中主要是前胃疾病。如果治疗不及时或治疗方法不当,不但影响牛的产奶量而且可能造成死亡,带来经济损失。笔者在临床上采用中成药"榔片散"加减,配合西药,治疗奶牛原发性前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食和瘤胃臌气多例,全部治愈,疗效显著。     

“榔片散”加减治疗奶牛前胃疾病

在奶牛场中，奶牛消化系统疾病占总发病的30％，其中主要是前胃疾病。如果治疗不及时或治疗方法不当，不但影响牛的产奶量而且可能造成死亡，带来经济损失。笔者在临床上采用中成药“榔片散”加减，配合西药，治疗奶牛原发性前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食和瘤胃臌气多例，全部治愈，疗效显著。     

常见奶牛消化系统疾病的中药疗法

奶牛因四个胃消化器官构造的特殊性，易患消化机能紊乱、反刍减弱、前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食、瘤胃酸中毒、肠炎、真胃炎等消化系统疾病，多年来的临床实践证实，用中草药治疗上述常发疾病能收到较为满意的疗效。     

奶牛某些瘤胃疾病的洗胃时机及其他

奶牛的某些瘤胃疾病,如瘤胃积食、前胃弛缓及瘤胃酸中毒等占整个消化道疾病的50—80%以上,所以预防和治疗瘤胃疾病在奶牛消化系统疾病中占很大比重。一些较轻微的瘤胃疾病经1—2次或3—4次对症治疗后能够治愈,但对某些较严重的瘤胃疾病,如因采食大量含碳水化合物过多的饲料和突然改变饲养制度而引起的瘤胃酸中毒或发生急剧、病情严重的前胃疾     

醋酸盐缓冲合剂对碱过多性胃肠弛缓的疗效

对６９例前胃弛缓和瘤胃积食等胃肠弛缓自然病牛的瘤胃内环境参数和植物神经调控指标进行了检测。前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食病牛的瘤胃内环境参数基本一样,特征是ｐＨ值明显升高,分别为（７．９３±０．４７）和（８．０４±０．５９）,漂浮沉降时间明显缩短,次甲蓝反应时间明显延长,总酸度降低至（１３．１０±４．７５）Ｕ和（１１．２３±４．５５）Ｕ,纤毛虫数量减少、活力减退,细菌以Ｇ－者为主,乳酸增多,乙酸、丙酸和ＶＦＡ总量减少。前胃弛缓、瘤胃积食病牛血清肾上腺素（Ｅ）、去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）、多巴胺（ＤＡ）和儿茶酚胺（ＣＡ）等第一信使指标,ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ等第二信使指标改变不大。根据瘤胃内环境参数检测结果,结合临床表现,确认６９例胃肠弛缓病牛均为碱过多性胃肠弛缓,对其中５９例投服醋酸盐缓冲合剂（无水醋酸钠１３１ｇ,冰醋酸２２．９２ｍＬ,常水１０Ｌ）进行治疗,治愈率在９０％以上,平均投用方剂数仅为１．３付。     

碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛酸过多性胃肠弛缓的治疗效果

为进一步验证碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛胃肠弛缓自然病例的治疗效果 ,对前胃弛缓 (5 2例 )、瘤胃积食 (42例 )、瘤胃酸中毒 (18例 )、瓣胃秘结 (6例 )、肠便秘 (2例 )等以酸过多性胃肠弛缓为临床特征的 12 0例病牛投服了碳酸盐缓冲合剂 (Na2 CO35 0 g,Na HCO342 0 g,KCl 2 0 g,Na Cl 10 0 g,常水 10 L )。结果平均治愈率高达 95 % ,平均投用方剂数为(1.4± 0 .5 )付。从而认为 ,对起因于胃肠酸碱环境改变的酸过多性胃肠弛缓疾病投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂可有效纠正胃肠弛缓状态 ,为反刍兽胃肠弛缓开辟了新的防治途径 ,创立了又一个病因 -发病机理疗法 ,     

Origin of abomasum gas in the cows with displaced abomasum

The gas composition of the rumen and the abomasum were investigated in 71 cows including 25 cows with displaced abomasum. The ratio of methane (CH4) to CO2 in the abomasum gas was higher than that in the rumen. In the incubated mixtures of fresh rumen fluid, CH4 was detected at a high concentration, while a small amount of CO2 and CH4 was found in incubated mixtures of fresh abomasum fluids. Hence, it was suggested that the gas in the abomasum originated not from the abomasum itself but from the rumen. In cows fed with mixed roughages and concentrates, the rumen CO2:CH4 ratio was higher compared with cows fed with roughages alone. Marked changes in rumen gas composition were presumed to be associated with changes in abomasum gas composition. Consequently, it is possible that feeding a large quantity of concentrates may increase the flow rate of the ingesta through the forestomach, so that the return rate of gas separated from the ingesta in the abomasum to the forestomach may also increase. Therefore, the frequent accumulation of a large amount of gas with concomitant changes in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the abomasum caused abomasal atony and subsequently displaced abomasum.     

奶牛皱胃变位病因及发病机制研究进展

奶牛皱胃变位是指皱胃的正常解剖位置发生改变,导致消化机能障碍的内科疾病。此病多发于高产奶牛,造成了巨大的经济损失。论文通过对遗传、品种、胎次及生产水平、发病时期、营养和新陈代谢及环境等来综述奶牛皱胃变位的病因,从皱胃弛缓学说和机械因素学说两方面综述其发病机制研究进展,为该病的有效预防和控制提供理论基础。     

奶牛瘤胃积食的不同治疗方法及效果

本文对瘤胃积食的不同治疗方法及效果进行了统计分析,发现中西医结合治疗效果达到87.5%,显示高于纯中医50%和纯西医60%.     

酿酒酵母对奶牛瘤胃内环境及血液生化指标的影响

[目的]研究在不同水平的酿酒酵母日粮对奶牛瘤胃内环境和血液生化指标的影响.[方法]试验选用三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为三组,A组为基础日粮,B组和C组分别为基础日粮添加酿酒酵母0.33%和0.67%DM.[结果]添加酿酒酵母可降低瘤胃pH值和氨态氮浓度,在采食后6 h,B组...     

壳聚糖在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率及其对瘤胃发酵的影响

试验旨在研究壳聚糖在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率及其对瘤胃发酵的影响。选择3头体况良好,年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期相近,安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦泌乳牛作为供体牛。试验一采用尼龙袋法,分别在投入尼龙袋后2、4、8、12、24、36、72 h取样,测定壳聚糖在瘤胃内的实时降解率。试验二利用体外批次培养法,采用单因素完全随机试验设计依据壳聚糖在基础培养底物中的添加剂量分为6个处理组(0、0.02%、0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%)。其中,零剂量组为对照组,其余为壳聚糖组。分别于培养0、2、4、8、12、24 h时间点取样,研究不同添加水平的壳聚糖对奶牛瘤胃液体外发酵特性的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖在奶牛瘤胃内降解率很低,在72 h时的降解率仅有7.79%;添加不同水平的壳聚糖,对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵培养液的pH值、NH3-N浓度、菌体蛋白(BCP)含量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量、产气量均无显著的影响(P>0.05)。     

奶牛低淀粉型日粮研究进展

低淀粉型日粮的应用不仅可以满足高产奶牛生产阶段的能量需要,而且可以保证奶牛瘤胃健康,避免瘤胃酸中毒。常用低淀粉型饲料有优质牧草、中性洗涤可溶性纤维源饲料以及可溶性糖三大部分。饲喂低淀粉型日粮可以有效缓解挥发性脂肪酸的产生,避免瘤胃pH降低,并促进了奶牛的采食以及养分消化,提高乳品质。本文从低淀粉型日粮的实现手段,以及瘤胃发酵参数和生产性能方面阐述低淀粉型日粮在奶牛生产中的必要性,确立今后的研究重点应该在各种原料替代谷物原料的最适比例及组合效应方面,从而完善奶牛低淀粉型日粮配制技术。     

Abomasal impaction in Holstein-Friesian cows: 80 cases (1980-2003)

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical examination findings, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and outcome of treatment in dairy cattle with abomasal impaction. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 80 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows > or = 2 years old. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cattle with abomasal impaction admitted between 1980 and 2003 were retrieved, and data were extracted. RESULTS: All cows were reported to have decreased food intake; concurrent diseases were identified in 54 (68%). Seventeen cows did not have detectable ruminal motility, but physical examination findings were nonspecific and variable. In general, cattle had mild hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyperglycemia, but serum potassium and chloride concentrations were typically within reference limits. Fifty-five (69%) cattle had impaction of the pyloric antrum alone, and 25 (31%) had impaction of the abomasal body and pyloric antrum. Right flank laparotomy and abomasal massage were performed in 73 cattle. After surgery, 54 (74%) cattle received 3 to 4 L of mineral oil, PO, daily for 1 to 5 days. Short-term (ie, discharged from the hospital) survival rate was significantly higher for cows with impaction of the pyloric antrum alone (42/45 [93%]) than for cows with impaction of the body and antrum (12/24 [50%]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that physical examination findings and results of serum biochemical analyses do not facilitate the diagnosis of abomasal impaction in lactating Holstein cows and that exploratory right flank laparotomy is necessary to make the diagnosis. Abomasal impaction should be considered as a differential diagnosis for inappetence and poor milk production in lactating dairy cows.     

奶牛常见能量代谢病的诊治

为了减少奶牛能量代谢病的发生,降低由此给养殖场（户）带来的损失,本文分析了奶牛酮病、肥胖综合征、胎衣不下等奶牛常见能量代谢病的发病原因、临床症状以及实验室检查方法,并在此基础上,总结了多年来的临床治疗实践经验和治疗方案。奶牛酮病可以通过提高血糖水平、解除自体酸中毒、调整瘤胃机能、氯酸钾抗酮疗法等中西医疗法对症治疗;奶牛肥胖综合征可以通过补糖、保肝、解除自体酸中毒、促进糖的生产和吸收等中西医疗法对症治疗;胎衣不下可以通过手术疗法,全身和局部用药等方法治疗。