日本落叶松无性系木材性质的遗传变异

对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的木材基本密度、管胞参数进行了测定.结果表明:木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞宽度和早材长宽比无性系间差异显著;木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞长度,早晚材管胞宽度和早晚材长宽比径向变异模式相似,即从髓心向外以曲线形式不断增加,有时亦有起伏;早材从髓心向外以近似直线的形式缓慢增加,晚材从髓心向外以曲线形式增加,初期增加幅度较大,到一定年龄后趋于水平变化并略有波动;材质性状与树木年轮间的关系以对数方程、幂函数方程、指数方程拟合效果较好;除了晚材壁腔比和早材壁厚外,其它木材性质的重复力均在0.5以上,受中度或中度以上的遗传制约,按照20%的选择率,长宽比和晚材管胞长能获得较高的遗传增益.     

日本落叶松无性系选择的研究

通过对日本落叶松优良无性系的引种栽培试验,初选出适宜于山西省中山山地发展的6个日本落叶松无性系。经对其遗传力测定,树高和地径的遗传力分别为0.351和0.31;利用性状表现水平分析法对其性状表现进行评估,评估结果由高到低依次为日永8、日永85×长3、日永85×长4C、日永8×长12、日永11和日永85×长13。     

基于混合模型的落叶松微纤丝角模型

以黑龙江省七台河市林业局金沙林场9株人工落叶松2 790个样品数据为例,选择6个常用方程进行非线性回归分析,把拟合精度最高的修正Logistic模型作为微纤丝角基础模型y=b1/[1+ exp(b2x)]+b3,然后,利用S-PLUS软件中的NLME过程,拟合非线性微纤丝角模型.采用AIC、BIC、对数似然值和似然比检验等模型评价统计指标对不同模型的精度进行比较分析.结果表明:当对微纤丝角-年龄关系进行拟合时,b1,b2,b3同时作为混合参数时模型拟合效果最好.把相关性结构包括复合对称结构(CS)、一阶自回归结构AR(1)、一阶移动平均结构MA(1)及一阶自回归与移动平均结构[ARMA(1,1)]加入到微纤丝角最优混合模型中,一阶自回归与移动平均模型[ ARMA(1,1)]显著提高了微纤丝角混合模型的拟合精度.模型检验结果表明:混合模型通过校正随机参数值能提高模型的预测精度.因此,混合模型在应用上不仅能反映总体微纤丝角预测,而且能通过方差协方差结构和误差相关性结构校正随机参数来反映个体微纤丝角差异.     

日本落叶松无性系早期选择研究

从参试的77个无性系中选出72个无性系进行方差分析,结果表明:日本落叶松无性系间在树高、胸径生长上均存在极显著差异。同对照相比,树高、胸径生长达显著或极显著差异的有15个无性系;树高和胸径同时达显著或极显著差异的有8个无性系,其中F0—19、中1—2这两个无性系树高和胸径均达极显著差异。采用指数选择法共初选无性系16个,其树高生长比对照提高33%~76%;胸径生长比对照提高26%~91%。     

日本落叶松无性系选择研究

日本落叶松无性系选择历经17a。通过测定生长量综合因素,从辽宁森林经营研究所引进的36个无性系中,选育出优良无性系5个,占13·9%。从辽宁抚顺五龙林场引进的未鉴定的日本落叶松110个无性系中,选育出优良无性系27个,占24·6%;从经鉴定的日本落叶松26个无性系中,选育出优良无性系12个,占46·2%。该项成果对营建高级种子园,推广普及良种,提供了优良基因材料和科学依据。     

青凉山日本落叶松种子园优良无性系选择的研究

采用安全随机抽样，对青凉山日本落叶松种子园１９７４年栽植的３３个无性系，进行生长、结实和抗病性调查。据调查结果，通过单因素测定对比，共筛选出生长优良无性系、结实优良无性系各１８个，抗病优良无性系９个。通过综合因素，采用综合指数法选择，共选出综合优良无性系１７个，占无性系总数的５１．５％，其中特优性系４个，占１２．１％。该项地改良现有种子园，营建高世代种子园，推广普及良种，提供了优良因材料和科学依据     

日本落叶松无性系管胞力学性质的遗传变异

对4个12年生的日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞进行了拉伸实验。结果表明:日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率的均值分别为11.44 GPa、616.59 MPa和6.54%,相应的变异系数为26.97%、26.26%和23.17%。方差分析表明日本落叶松幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量和管胞断裂伸长率在无性系间差异极显著(0.01水平),拉伸强度在无性系间差异不显著;株内早材单根管胞拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度和管胞断裂伸长率在年轮间差异显著。对日本落叶松无性系幼龄材早材单根管胞拉伸力学性能进行遗传参数估计,单根管胞弹性模量和断裂伸长率的重复力分别是0.79和0.57,属于中度到强度遗传控制,无性系早期选择及材性遗传改良潜力较大。     

落叶松种间及其杂种管胞特征及微纤丝角的变异

对落叶松属4个种及其以日本落叶松为母本的种间杂交组合的早晚材管胞形态和微纤丝角进行了测定分析,研究结果表明:落叶松各管胞特征值及微纤丝角基本符合甚至远超过较优纸浆材筛选要求;落叶松种间及其杂种早晚材管胞形态特征值差异显著或极显著,早、晚材管胞长变幅分别为3164.45～3 865.26、3 318.51～4 200.8...     

日本落叶松优良无性系选择试验研究

本文以不同立地条件、不同日本落叶松无性系为研究对象,通过对树高、胸径、材积等栽培指标进行连续32年的观测与分析,选择确定出了适宜赤峰地区栽培的优良无性系,为实现落叶松优良无性系造林奠定基础。     

日本落叶松无性系引种试验林研究初报

为选择冀北山地培育速生丰产林种质资源,从辽宁宽甸县引进日本落叶松无性系4个品系在茅荆坝林场栽植试验林。结果表明,生长量明显高于乡土树种-华北落叶松,10 a生林木进入速生期,是对比树种的1.5倍以上,适应当地自然环境条件。     

Study on Variation Pattern of Microfibril Angle in Chinese Fir

Microfibril angle （MFA） in Chinese fir was tested by X-ray diffraction apparatus and calculated by computer software. The results were as follows： MFA was controlled strongly by inheritance, and there was no significant difference in MFA among interspecies, juvenile and mature wood. In the longitudinal, MFA reduces with the height rising from 0 to 5.5 m, especially in the heights from 0 to 1.5 m. The values of MFA are nearly consistence from 1.5 to 7.5 m. The variation range was between 10.82°and 12.57°from 1.5 to 7.5 m, R2 of power equation achieved 0.932 1, and analysis of variance indicated that the variation of MFA was not significant from 1.5 to 7.5 m, The age of the trees had an important influence on MFA, consequently, the difference in MFA was significant among annual rings in radial, which was maximal in near pith and reduced rapidly from the pith to sapwood, and its decline tendency was slow beyond the ninth annual ring. MFA reached minimum value at the 15th annual ring, and the difference reached more than 20° and R^2 of binomial equation achieved 0.755 6.     

五常市杂种落叶松幼龄期变异分析

以5年生36个杂种落叶松家系为材料,测定其树高、胸径生长性状,估算变异系数、遗传力和遗传增益,筛选出优良家系。结果表明:各家系的树高、胸径存在较丰富变异,树高变异系数小于胸径,树高、胸径极显著相关(P<0.01),家系间树高、胸径差异均达极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。以10%的入选率,初选出家系1317、1324、1318、和1327为优良家系,树高平均增益为15.98%,胸径平均增益为29.46%。     

Modeling Microibril Angle with Mixed Models for Dahurian Larch

In this study,the sample data was based on 2 790 samples of 9 trees from dahurian larch （Larix gmelinii） plantations located in Qitaihe Forest Bureau in Heilongjiang Province.The modified Logistic model y = b₁ /[1 + exp（b₂ x）]+ b₃ was selected to modeling microfibril angle from six models based on nonlinear regression.Then,the logistic model was fitted using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach based on NLME of S-PLUS software.Evaluation statistics,such as AIC,BIC, Log Likelihood and Likelihood ratio test were used for model comparisons.The results showed that the Logistic model with parameters b₁,b₂,b₃ as mixed effects showed the best performance.Correlation structures included compound-symmetry structure （CS）,first-order autoregressive correlation structure AR（1）,moving average correlation structure MA（1） and autoregressive-moving average correlation structure[ARMA（1,1）]were incorprated into the best microfibril angle mixed model.[ARMA（1,1）]significantly improved the precision of mixed model.Validation confirmed that the mixed model with calibration of random parameters could provide more accurate and precise prediction.Therefore,the application of mixed model not only showed the mean trends of microfibril angle,but also showed the individual difference based on variance-covariance structure and correlation structure.     

Clonal and Within-tree Variation in Microfibril Angle in Poplar Clones

The microfibril angle (MFA) of seven poplar clones was determined using X-ray diffraction technique. MFA was measured for every growth ring at breast height (1.3 m) for all sample trees, and at 0 (butt), 5.6, 9.6, 13.6, 17.6, 19.6 and 21.6 m for clone I-69, Nanlin-95 and Nanlin-895. A total of 900 samples (chips) were assessed. Significant variation was observed among poplar clones and growth rings. Mean clonal MFAs at the breast height ranged from 15.2° to 21.0°. MFA at breast height varied from 7.8° to 28° between growth rings and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of declining angles. Disc-average microfibril angle in poplar clones declines rapidly from 0 to 5.6 m height, after which, it is near constant within tree height. Significant variation was also observed in disc-average MFA among tree heights. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between MFAs from rings 5 to 11 at breast height was significant, while whole-tree values of each growth ring were significantly correlated with the corresponding MFA at breast height. The results of this study provide some basis for genetic selection of poplar trees based on wood-quality criteria and for devising appropriate sampling strategies for MFA measurement.     

快速检测木材微纤丝角的近红外光谱分析技术

介绍了一种新的测量木材微纤丝角的无损检测技术--近红外光谱分析,并详细阐述了测量时木材样品的选择及制备,测量工作包括X射线衍射和近红外光谱采集、多变量数据分析与模型建立的方法及步骤.证明了近红外光谱分析技术可以用于快速准确地预测木材的微纤丝角.