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1.
    
This study evaluated the suitability of easily digested fiber sources as a supplemental fiber to improve overall fiber digestion in ruminants. First, the degradation of five fibrous feedstuffs and the stimulatory effects on rumen bacteria were examined in situ. Chickpea and lablab bean husks were selected for their potential use due to their large degradable fraction (> 94%), which had a stimulatory effect on fibrolytic rumen bacteria such as Fibrobacter succinogenes. Second, a possible improvement in the digestibility of rice straw diet by husk supplementation was monitored in vivo. Four dietary treatments comprising RS (rice straw and concentrate), CHM (RS supplemented with Myanmar chickpea husk), CHE (RS with Egyptian chickpea husk) and LH (RS with lablab bean husk) were allocated to four wethers. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was 3.1–5.5% greater in CHM and LH than RS. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher in LH than other treatments. Acetate proportion was higher in LH than RS. Ruminal abundance of F. succinogenes was 1.3–1.5 times greater in CHM and LH than RS. These results suggest that bean husk supplementation, especially lablab bean husk, might improve the nutritive value of rice straw diet by stimulating fibrolytic bacteria.  相似文献   

2.
    
To determine the relationship between Fibrobacter succinogenes and other rumen bacteria, the bacterial community structure on fiber was analyzed by using two different materials. These were ruminally incubated orchard grass hay stems without and with preincubation with F. succinogenes (natural and artificial consortia, respectively). The natural consortium mainly consisted of Firmicutes (56.6%) and Bacteroidetes (33.1%), while the artificial consortium showed a significantly higher proportion of Firmicutes (85.5%) and a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes (4.6%). At species or genus level, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, the U2 group, Ruminococcus albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis made up a higher proportion in the artificial consortium. The most dominant bacterial group was the Butyrivibrio‐Pseudobutyrivibrio‐Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis group, which accounted for 19.7% in the natural and 29.5% in the artificial consortium. Within the genus Butyrivibrio, the phylogenetic groups SA and VA2 and phylogeny‐undefined Butyribivrio, but not VA1, were detected at high frequency in the artificial consortium. These results suggest that ecological and possibly functional relationships exist in the rumen among F. succinogenes, a subset of B. fibrisolvens, the U2 group, R. albus and Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis.  相似文献   

3.
A fibrolytic consortium, dominated by the rumen cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes, was artificially constructed on hay stems to detect and identify rumen bacteria that can potentially interact with F. succinogenes . Consortium-bacterial members were determined by DGGE and sequencing analysis targeted bacterial 16S rDNA. An artificial consortium was formed in a 2-step incubation of hay stems; the first step with group 1, 2 or 3 F. succinogenes strains, the second step with rumen fluid. After consortium formation, morphologically different bacteria were observed in association with F. succinogenes . DGGE exhibited more than 30 bands, the pattern of which depended on the F. succinogenes group. Sequencing suggested that Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis , Clostridium sp., F. succinogenes group 2, Prevotella ruminicola and unclassified Bacteroides were prominent in the group 1 consortium and that Treponema bryantii , B. fibrisolvens , Acinetobacter sp, and Wolinella succinogenes were prominent in the group 2 consortium. However, in the group 3 consortium, F. succinogenes -like bacteria were microscopically undetectable, whereas cellulolytic Ruminococcus albus and F. succinogenes group 1 were prominent, suggesting that the group 3 cannot be a core member of this consortium. This study is the first attempt to identify bacterial members of a fibrolytic consortium dominated by a specific bacterium.  相似文献   

4.
To study the group‐dependent ecology of Fibrobacter succinogenes in the rumen, real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays for two phylogenetic groups (groups 2 and 3) of F. succinogenes were newly established and applied to rumen samples. Both the assays targeting the bacterial 16S rDNA were sensitive and accurate, showing wide quantifiable ranges (104?109 and 102?109 copies of 16S rDNA) and high recoveries of known amounts of added DNA (96.9 and 98.0%). The quantity of group 1 was confirmed to be numerable by subtracting assay values of groups 2 and 3 from that of F. succinogenes species (groups 1–3). By using the developed assays and the above subtractive calculation, the quantities of all three groups were evaluated in solid and liquid fractions of the rumen content and also on hay stems. In the solid fraction, groups 1 and 2 were abundantly present, compared with group 3 (P < 0.05). On untreated hay stems, group 1 was dominant throughout 48 h. In addition, group 1 showed growth even on the cellulase‐treated hay stems, unlike the other two groups. These results suggest that F. succinogenes group 1 greatly contributes to rumen fiber digestion, even for less degradable materials.  相似文献   

5.
6.
    
Colonization patterns of representative rumen bacteria were compared between untreated rice straw (UTS) and sodium hydroxide‐treated rice straw (SHTS). UTS and SHTS were incubated in the rumen of sheep for 10 min, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h using the nylon bag method. The population sizes of 13 representative bacterial species or groups were quantified by real‐time PCR. The total bacterial population size (abundance) was similar in both UTS and SHTS. Fibrobacter succinogenes showed a higher population size compared to other fibrolytic species and was detected at a higher level in SHTS (3.7%) than in UTS (2.6%). Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were also detected at higher levels in SHTS (0.15% and 0.29%) than in UTS (0.03% and 0.18%). Population sizes of non‐fibrolytic species, such as Selenomonas ruminantium, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens were higher in UTS than in SHTS. Coefficient of determination (r2) on population changes between bacterial species or groups were higher in UTS than in SHTS, suggesting the necessity of stronger bacterial interactions for UTS digestion. Therefore, not only colonization of fibrolytic species, but also synergistic interactions between different bacterial species may be key to the ruminal digestion of rice straw.  相似文献   

7.
    
To investigate the ecological importance of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in fiber digestion, ruminal distribution of F. succinogenes was determined in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. Rumen digesta from wethers and steers fed orchardgrass hay, rice straw or fresh orchardgrass were employed as the materials for the analyses. Orchardgrass hay stem incubated in the rumen was also used. By using total DNA extracted from these materials, population sizes of total F. succinogenes and of four different phylogenetic groups of this species were quantitated through competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products targeted the bacterial 16S rDNA. Rumen digesta and ruminally incubated hay stems had a reasonably high population size of F. succinogenes (×107?8/g) that was composed of strains belonging to the phylogenetic groups 1 and 3. The relative abundance of each group was different among the samples; group 1 dominated on the ruminally incubated hay stem and in the rumen of wethers fed fresh orchardgrass, while group 3 was major in the rumen of wethers and steers on hay diet. These results suggest that there could be phenotypic differences among the phylogenetic groups of F. succinogenes, and group 1 dominating on hay stem might contribute to rumen fiber digestion more than the other groups.  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究超声改善氨化稻秸纤维结构工艺优化及其对瘤胃降解特性的影响。采用响应面设计优化氨化稻秸纤维的超声水平,以中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量为响应值建立多元二次回归数学模型,得到最佳超声水平,并测定最佳超声水平下氨化稻秸与未处理氨化稻秸中营养成分的含量。利用尼龙袋法测定上述样品在奶牛瘤胃中干物质(DM)、NDF及ADF的降解率,得到各营养成分的动态降解参数。结果显示,氨化稻秸的最佳超声水平为超声功率112 W,超声时间17.3 min,液固比10.7:1,容器内声功率密度1.317 W/mL,在此超声水平下的氨化稻秸ADF和ADL含量的最小值分别为43.75%、7.95%,显著低于超声前(P<0.05),实际结果与模型预测接近,说明该模型可行。与超声前相比,氨化稻秸ADF降低了6.64%,ADL降低了11.38%。在瘤胃降解试验中,超声处理后的氨化稻秸DM、NDF、ADF的慢速降解部分(b)、潜在降解部分(d)和有效降解率(ED)均得到极显著提高(P<0.01),其中DM、NDF和ADF的慢速降解部分分别提高了36.52%、30.06%和22.19%,潜在降解部分分别提高了27.15%、28.56%和21.35%,有效降解率分别提高了25.09%、24.98%和24.00%。综上所述,适宜的超声处理可以降低氨化稻秸中ADF和ADL的含量,提高有效降解率。  相似文献   

9.
王冲  娄玉杰 《家畜生态》2004,25(3):10-13
本试验以绵羊作为研究对象,通过常规养分测定、消化试验和瘤胃降解试验(尼龙袋法),对生物纤维饲料的常规养分、饲用价值、瘤胃降解特性进行了探讨。结果表明:生物纤维饲料中干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙和磷的含量分别为:65.61%、21.97%、1.88%、3.00%、7.79%、30.97%、0.85%和1.13%;绵羊对生物纤维饲料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰份、无氮浸出物和能量的消化率分别为74.71%、84.81%、72.24%、72.68%、45.41%、77.52%、77.76%;同时测得生物纤维饲料原样中的消化能为10 100kJ/kg;生物纤维饲料干物质的有效降解率为61.75%,而蛋白质的有效降解率为73.73%。  相似文献   

10.
为研究不同组合酶菌制剂处理对水稻秸秆青贮饲料的营养成分、发酵品质及瘤胃降解特性的影响,试验共设9个处理组:对照组(CK)、复合酶制剂处理组(C)、果胶酶+漆酶处理组(PL)、复合酶制剂+果胶酶+漆酶处理组(CL)、植物乳酸杆菌处理组(LP)、布氏乳酸杆菌处理组(LB)、植物乳酸杆菌+布氏乳酸杆菌处理组(LPB)、复合酶制剂+果胶酶+漆酶+植物乳酸杆菌(CLP)、复合酶制剂+果胶酶+漆酶+植物乳酸杆菌+布氏乳酸杆菌处理组(CLPB),以水稻秸秆为研究对象,采用真空聚乙烯袋袋装发酵,贮藏45d后取样,利用实验室化学分析和半体内法(insitu)对水稻秸秆青贮饲料的营养成分含量、发酵品质及瘤胃降解率进行测定分析。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,酶制剂处理组(C、PL和CL)pH、乙酸含量、氨态氮/总氮、DM、ADF级纤维素含量显著降低(P<0.05),其DM、NDF、ADF和纤维素瘤胃有效降解率显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,菌制剂处理组(LP、LB和LPB)pH、氨态氮/总氮、NDF、ADF及纤维素含量显著降低(P<0.05),乙酸及DM、纤维素、CP瘤胃有效降解率显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)与酶制剂、菌制剂及对照组组相比,复合酶菌制剂处理组(CLP和CLPB)pH和纤维素含量最低,乳酸含量及DM保存量最高,NDF、纤维素及CP的瘤胃有效降解率最高。综上所述,复合酶菌制剂组合添加能更好的改善水稻秸秆青贮饲料的发酵品质,提高其主要营养物质的瘤胃降解率。  相似文献   

11.
将9只体况良好、体质量相近(41.3±1.2) kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成都麻羊半同胞羯羊, 随机分成3组, 饲以稻草基础日粮, 分别补饲苜蓿(Medicago sativa, MSL)25%(MSL25)、50%(MSL50)与75%(MSL75), 进行瘤胃内环境的测定及发酵指标的组合效应研究。结果显示, 3组不同苜蓿补饲水平混合粗饲料的瘤胃液相pH在6.53~6.93, NH3-N浓度在9.42~43.27 mg·dL-1, 总挥发性脂肪酸浓度在69.45~107.28 mmol·L-1, 菌体蛋白浓度在73.56~132.23 mg·dL-1, NH3-N浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度与菌体蛋白浓度均随苜蓿补饲水平的增加呈非线性增加。以MSL25作参照的瘤胃发酵指标的多项指标组合效应指数(MFAEI), MSL75的为1.21, 仅为MSL50组1.03的1.17倍。表明当山羊稻草基础日粮苜蓿补饲水平超过50%时, 提高稻草纤维物质利用率的组合效应增加不明显。  相似文献   

12.
利用酿酒酵母表面展示系统表达产琥珀酸丝状杆菌S85纤维素结合域家族2(CBD2),分析其纤维黏附位点.将CBD2基因插入质粒pYDI的AGOg2 3'端,构建pMCBD2重组质粒,化学转化pMCBD2至酿酒酵母EBY100中,2%半乳糖诱导CBD2表达于酿酒酵母表面.利用免疫组化技术检测重组酵母细胞在稻草茎细胞壁上的黏...  相似文献   

13.
本试验旨在探讨植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)对玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,分别以玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆为发酵底物,分析不同添加水平[0(对照)、0.25×107、0.50×107和0.75×107CFU/m L]植物乳杆菌对发酵底物体外发酵产气量(1、2、4、6、12、24、36、48 h)、产气参数、干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、发酵液挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度及p H的影响。结果表明:添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高玉米秸秆发酵初期产气速率和产气量(1~24 h)(P0.05),以添加0.75×107CFU/m L效果最为理想;添加植物乳杆菌能显著提高水稻秸秆体外发酵后期(36~48 h)产气量(P0.05),而以添加0.25×107CFU/m L效果最为理想。随着植物乳杆菌添加水平的增加,2种底物体外发酵液NH3-N浓度均呈现显著的线性增加效应(P0.05)。不同植物乳杆菌添加水平对2种底物体外发酵NDFD、DMD、发酵液VFA(乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸和戊酸)浓度以及p H均无显著影响(P0.05)。由试验结果推断,添加植物乳杆菌能促进玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆体外发酵及其氮代谢,同时对维持p H的稳定平衡具有积极作用,最佳添加水平分别为0.75×107和0.25×107CFU/m L。  相似文献   

14.
    
The objectives of the present study were to determine the effect of ruminal dosing of mechanical stimulating brush (Rumen faibu; RF) on digestibility and on rumen fermentation status in Holstein steers fed high concentrate and low rice straw. Eight steers (461 kg in average bodyweight) were used. Four steers were orally dosed three RF per head (RF‐dosing) and the other four were not dosed (non‐RF). All steers were fed enough concentrate and rice straw to gain 1.4 kg/day in bodyweight. Rice straw was cut 2 cm and 30 cm. The organic cell wall content of feeding diets was 17% in dry matter basis. Digestibility and nutritive value were not affected by RF dosing and length of rice straw. Ruminal pH was significantly lower in RF‐dosing group than in non‐RF group after feeding, and tended to be higher in long rice straw than in short rice straw throughout the day. There were no clear difference on total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid by RF dosing and length of rice straw throughout examined period. These present results suggest that digestibility and rumen fermentation status are not affected by RF dosing when organic cell wall content of feeding diets is approximately 17% in dry matter with rice straw over 2 cm.  相似文献   

15.
瘤胃厌氧真菌对木质素含量不同底物附着及发酵特性研究   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7  
结合体外发酵和瘤胃尼龙袋法,研究了本地山羊瘤胃厌氧真菌对木质素含量不同底物(黑麦草叶、黑麦草茎、稻草秸、花生壳,木质素含量依次上升)的附着及发酵特性.结果表明,随体外发酵的进行,真菌数量逐渐增加,以黑麦草叶、黑麦草茎、稻草秸为底物时,瘤胃真菌数量均在48 h达到最大值,且真菌数量的最大值随底物木质素含量的上升呈下降趋势.显微观察显示,体外发酵前72 h附着于稻草秸表面孢子囊数量均显著高于黑麦草叶和黑麦草茎(P<0.05),而切缘孢子囊数量三者差异不显著.瘤胃内培养结果表明,稻草秸切缘和表面孢子囊数量均在48 h时最大,72 h后数量显著下降(P<0.05),而黑麦草茎切缘和表面上的孢子囊数量均在24 h 时最大,72 h后数量显著下降(P<0.05);稻草秸切缘和表面上孢子囊数量均要高于黑麦草茎上的数量.不同底物进行厌氧真菌体外发酵时其累计产气量、干物质消失率和纤维素消失率差异均不显著,但在瘤胃内培养时,各底物的干物质消失率则随底物木质素含量的上升而显著下降(P<0.05).  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在研究不同处理水稻秸秆对瘤胃发酵模式、甲烷产量和微生物区系的影响。以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,各处理分别以干秸秆(对照)、青贮秸秆、氨化秸秆和碱化秸秆为发酵底物,通过体外产气量法,测定培养72 h内的产气量、甲烷产量、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃微生物区系的变化。结果表明:青贮、氨化和碱化处理均显著增加了秸秆体外培养72 h的产气量和24 h的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(P0.05),碱化处理显著增加了72 h的甲烷产量(P0.05),青贮和氨化处理显著增加了24 h的丙酸含量(P0.05),显著降低了乙酸/丙酸(P0.05)。各处理中以碱化秸秆的产气量(220.3 m L)和甲烷产量(43.23 m L)最高。与未处理的干秸秆相比,氨化和碱化处理显著提高了体外培养24 h培养液中琥珀酸丝状杆菌的相对数量(P0.05),氨化处理显著降低了甲烷菌的相对数量(P0.05),而各处理对培养液中的白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、真菌和原虫的相对数量没有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,对水稻秸秆进行青贮、氨化和碱化处理,可以不同程度地改变体外瘤胃的发酵模式、甲烷生成以及瘤胃微生物区系的组成;从甲烷减排角度考虑,可选择青贮和氨化的处理方式。  相似文献   

17.
4种花生秸秆在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为研究不同花生秸秆在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性,采用尼龙袋法评定了4种花生秸秆(TI、TJ、汕G和泉花7号)的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)瘤胃动态降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,4种花生秸秆DM的72h降解率和有效降解率为汕G最高,达66.07%和49.37%,并依次降低的为TJ、泉花7号与TI。4种花生秸秆CP的72h降解率和有效降解率与DM有相同的趋势,CP的72h降解率和有效降解率也以汕G最高,达73.16%和59.20%,其中CP的72h降解率依次降低的为泉花7号、TJ与TI;有效降解率依次降低的为TJ、TI与泉花7号。4种花生秸秆NDF和ADF的72h降解率趋势一致为泉花7号最高,并依次降低的为汕G、TJ和TI;4种花生秸秆NDF有效降解率最高的为汕G,其次为TI、泉花7号与TJ;ADF有效降解率最高的为泉花7号,其次为汕G、TI与TJ。因此,从奶牛对4种花生秸秆的降解效果看,汕G的营养价值最高,TI的营养价值最低。  相似文献   

18.
氨化对油菜秸秆营养成分及山羊瘤胃降解特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本试验旨在研究氨化对油菜秸秆营养成分及山羊瘤胃降解特性的影响。将粉碎的油菜秸秆用30%水和不同比例(10%、15%、20%)碳酸氢铵进行氨化处理,并于处理后7、14和21 d采集样品,与未氨化处理的油菜秸秆(对照)同时进行营养成分分析。然后采用尼龙袋法测定氨化和未氨化处理油菜秸秆的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率。结果表明:氨化后油菜秸秆CP含量增加,粗脂肪(EE)、NDF和ADF含量下降,DM、粗灰分含量基本保持不变。氨化组油菜秸秆DM和CP有效降解率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);15%、20%碳酸氢铵氨化处理油菜秸秆ADF有效降解率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合得出,添加15%和20%碳酸氢铵氨化能显著提高油菜秸秆DM、CP和ADF的山羊瘤胃降解率,油菜秸秆经15%碳酸氢铵、30%水分条件下氨化处理效果最好、最经济。  相似文献   

19.
含不同秸秆的全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
选用4只1岁左右、装有瘤胃永久瘘管的杂种羯羊,按2×3交叉试验设计分为2组,交替饲喂以玉米Zea mays秸和苜蓿Medicago sativa为粗料(A处理,精粗比为1∶1)和以小麦Triticum aestivum秸和苜蓿为粗料(B处理,精粗比为5.3∶4.7)的等消化能、等氮饲粮.每期试验19 d,3期试验共57 d.测定了试羊在采食2种饲粮的情况下,瘤胃液pH值及瘤胃内环境参数(总氮、氨态氮、尿素氮及蛋白氮)的变化.试验结果表明:采食2种饲粮绵羊的瘤胃液pH值及瘤胃液总氮、氨态氮、尿素氮及蛋白氮之间均无显著差异(P>0.05).2种饲粮的配方均有较好的效果.  相似文献   

20.
瘤胃内3种主要纤维分解菌的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
作者阐述了瘤胃内主要纤维分解菌的生物学特性、对纤维物质的降解能力,并介绍了近几年国内外对这几种主要纤维分解菌的研究进展。  相似文献   

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