Effects of coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation on renal Ca metabolism in neonatal mice

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation on serum Ca and Ca metabolism in their neonatal mice. From 6.5 to 16.5 days post coitus and from 3 to 10 days after parturition, maternal mice were administered at 200 µg/kg body weight/day of coumestrol. Coumestrol administration did not affect weight gains, serum Ca and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in the kidney of neonatal mice, but weight gains of maternal mice were decreased by coumestrol administration. Coumestrol administration increased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of epithelial Ca channels 1 (ECaC1) and VDR in the kidney of neonatal mice, and also increased the mRNA expressions of ECaC2 in the kidney and small intestine of male neonatal mice. The mRNA expressions of ECaC1, ECaC2, calbindin‐D_9k (CaBP‐9k) and estrogen receptor (ER)α in the kidney and VDR in the small intestine of male neonatal mice were higher than those of female mice. Thus, coumestrol administration to maternal mice during pregnancy and lactation may affect renal Ca metabolism in neonatal mice, especially male neonatal mice via maternal milk.     

Controlled release of estradiol-17β and bisphenol A from a silicone tube for long-term administration in mice

Silicone tubes filled with estradiol‐17β (E2) or the xenestrogen, bisphenol A (BPA) were covered with a polyethylene tube and implanted into mice subcutaneously. The releasing patterns from the tube in vivo were obtained from the volume of estrogen remaining in the tube by measurement with high performance lipid chromatography. E2 in glycerol was released in a few days from a silicone tube, which was not covered with a polyethylene tube (Type A). However, E2 in sesame oil was released very slowly from the silicone tube covered with a polyethylene tube (Type B) and approximately 10% of E2 remained in the tube at 56 days after implantation into the mice. The mean linear regression equation for E2 was Y = 70.967 ? 1.2271X (R² = 0.9268) and the quadratic regression equation was Y = 77.97 ? 2.2773X + 0.0194 × 2 (R² = 0.9864). The remainder rate curves of E2 and BPA were not significantly different throughout the experimental period of 56 days. The Type B tube in the present experiment might be useful for long‐term administration of estrogens.     

环境雌激素对雄鼠行为的影响

[目的]通过围产期暴露于双酚A,探讨其对C57BL/6J小鼠成年后社会性以及性行为产生的影响.[方法]让处于围产期的母鼠口服200 μg/(kg·bw)BPA,待雄性小鼠70日龄时进行异性社会互作行为检测.[结果]发现BPA处理的雄鼠对异性刺激鼠亲密行为无明显变化;但是和对照组相比,BPA处理的雄鼠爬胯行为明显减少.[结论]表明围产期BPA暴露减弱了雄鼠的性行为.     

苷肽注射液对孕鼠致畸作用的影响

本试验通过对孕鼠注射不同剂量苷肽注射液,研究了苷肽注射液对孕鼠增重、窝重、着床数,胎鼠身长、体重、囟门、骨骼变化、畸形等发育情况的影响.结果表明,苷肽注射液在2.5～168.0 mg/kg体重范围内不具有母体毒性、胚胎毒性、致畸性.因此苷肽注射液不具有遗传毒性和致畸作用.     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

一株牦牛源屎肠球菌对小鼠肠道微生物、形态和免疫功能的影响

为研究牦牛肠黏膜源屎肠球菌G2对健康小鼠肠道微生物、形态和免疫功能的影响,试验设置对照组(CON)、热灭活菌组(EHK)、活菌组(ENT)3个处理组,每组8只C57BL/6小鼠,共计24只。CON组、EHK组、ENT组于正式试验期第1、2、4、6天按0.1 mL/只分别灌胃M17培养基、热灭活菌液和活菌菌液,灌胃前无菌收集小鼠粪便进行乳酸菌总菌计数,第8天处死小鼠取样。结果表明:ENT组乳酸菌总菌数量在第3、5天显著大于CON组与EHK组(P <0.05);各组小鼠结肠病理学评分无显著差异,但ENT组隐窝深度显著高于CON组与EHK组(P <0.05);各组间肠黏膜免疫因子Reg3β、Reg3γ和MUC2基因mRNA表达量差异不显著,TNF-α表达量ENT组显著低于CON组(P <0.05)。综上可知,牦牛源屎肠球菌G2可能为一种肠道过路菌,能在短时间内提高肠道乳酸菌的总数,一定程度上具有改善肠道形态和促进肠道健康的作用。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、血清相关指标及肠道菌群的影响

将480只30周龄海赛克斯褐壳蛋鸡随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础日粮,试验组（Ⅱ～Ⅳ）分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、300mg／kg水平的芽孢杆菌制剂。结果显示,Ⅱ组产蛋率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈O．05）,料蛋比有所降低但不显著（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组白蛋白和血糖含量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）,芽孢杆菌对总蛋白、尿酸、总胆固醇和甘油三酯无显著性影响（P〉0．05）。各试验组ⅠgA和IgG含量均比对照组有所提高,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组C3浓度显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）,Ⅱ组C4浓度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组（P〈0．05）。Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组回肠大肠杆菌的数量较Ⅰ组显著降低（P〈0．05）,乳酸杆菌显著提高（P〈O．05）。结果表明,芽孢杆菌制剂能够改善蛋鸡的生产性能,提高机体免疫力,促进肠道健康;蛋鸡日粮中添加100mg／kg芽孢杆菌制剂效果最佳。     

黄连提取物对高饲养密度下肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响

文章旨在研究高密度饲养条件下肉鸡日粮添加黄连提取物对其生长性能、血清生化指标及肠道微生物的影响.试验将640只平均体重为(42.12±0.16)g的肉鸡随机分为4组(T1～T4),每组4个重复,每个重复40只.T1组肉鸡在高密度(20/m2)下饲喂基础日粮,T2组肉鸡在正常饲养密度(10只/m2)下饲喂基础日粮,T3组...     

饲料添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响

为探讨饲料中添加砷制剂对小鼠铁吸收的影响,45只小鼠被随机分为3组,各组在基础日粮中分别添加0,40,80mg／kg砷（以洛克沙胂形式）,试验期30d。试验结束后,收取各组粪便和组织器官测定铁含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,40mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率提高14．57％,80mg／kg砷组铁表观吸收率则降低了14．93％;40mg／kg砷组小鼠肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、小肠和腿肌铁含量显著升高（P〈O．05）,80mg／kg砷组则显著降低（P〈O．05）;但两组分别于停砷后5,7d,组织器官铁恢复正常水平。这表明40mg／kg砷水平可促进铁的吸收,相反80mg／kg砷水平则抑制铁的吸收。     

槲皮素对双酚A致小鼠生精功能障碍的治疗作用

将50只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为5组,A组（n=10）正常喂饲,B、C、D、E组（各10只）小鼠均腹腔注射50mg／kg·d的BPA,1次／d,连续注射7d,构造小鼠睾丸损伤模型,同时C、D、E组分别用100、200、400mg／kg·d浓度的Que灌胃7d,A组和B组给予等量生理盐水。记录小鼠的体征、体质量变化及试验结束时睾丸、附睾和精囊腺的质量;试剂盒检测血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GsH—Px）和丙二醛（MDA）的含量;酶联免疫法测定血清睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）和促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的水平;对睾丸组织进行组织学观察。结果显示：D组200mg／kg·d小鼠体质量、各脏器质量均较B组有明显改善（P〈O．05或P〈0．01）,接近A组,C组和E组只有附睾质量变化显著（P〈0．05）;Que各剂量组血清中的SOD、GSH—Px活性均高于BPA组,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,其中D组抗氧化酶的活性最高;MDA测定结果显示,D组明显降低,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,E组也有所降低,差异显著（P〈0．05）;C、D、E组小鼠血清生殖激素水平均有一定程度的恢复,但D组各生殖激素指标均接近A组;组织学观察见各给药组睾丸生精小管生精细胞层数、精子数目均高于B组,尤以D组200mg／kg·d恢复最为明显。结果表明：Que能够促进BPA致小鼠睾丸生精功能障碍后生精功能的恢复,且最佳剂量为200mg／kg·d。     

微生态制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道菌群及血清生化指标的影响

为研究微生态制剂对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、肠道菌群及血清生化指标的影响,试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡800只,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复20只.对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮,微生态制剂组在基础日粮中依次添加剂量0.1％、0.2％、0.4％、0.6％的微生态制剂,试验期42 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2％...     

Estrogen receptor independent neurotoxic mechanism of bisphenol A, an environmental estrogen

Bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has been shown to cause developmental toxicity and carcinogenic effects. BPA may have physiological activity through estrogen receptor (ER) -α and -β, which are expressed in the central nervous system. We previously found that exposure of BPA to immature mice resulted in behavioral alternation, suggesting that overexposure of BPA could be neurotoxic. In this study, we further investigated the molecular neurotoxic mechanisms of BPA. BPA increased vulnerability (decrease of cell viability and differentiation, and increase of apoptotic cell death) of undifferentiated PC12 cells and cortical neuronal cells isolated from gestation 18 day rat embryos in a concentration-dependent manner (more than 50 µM). The ER antagonists, ICI 182,780, and tamoxifen, did not block these effects. The cell vulnerability against BPA was not significantly different in the PC12 cells overexpressing ER-α and ER-β compared with PC12 cells expressing vector alone. In addition, there was no difference observed between BPA and 17-β estradiol, a well-known agonist of ER receptor in the induction of neurotoxic responses. Further study of the mechanism showed that BPA significantly activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but inhibited anti-apoptotic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. In addition, ERK-specific inhibitor, PD 98,059, reversed BPA-induced cell death and restored NF-κB activity. This study demonstrated that exposure to BPA can cause neuronal cell death which may eventually be related with behavioral alternation in vivo. However, this neurotoxic effect may not be directly mediated through an ER receptor, as an ERK/NF-κB pathway may be more closely involved in BPA-induced neuronal toxicity.     

Effects of methionine partially replaced by methionyl‐methionine dipeptide on intestinal function in methionine‐deficient pregnant mice

This study was to compare the effects of parenteral supplementation of methionyl‐methionine (Met‐Met) or Met on intestinal barrier function in Met‐deficient pregnant mice. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups. The Control group was provided a diet containing Met and received i.p. injection of saline. The Met group was fed the same diet but without Met and received daily i.p. injection of 35% of the Met contained in the control diet. The Met‐Met group was treated the same as the Met group, except that 25% of the Met injected was replaced with Met‐Met. Met‐Met promoted villus surface area in ileum compared with Met alone. In addition, the mRNA abundance of amino acid and glucose transporters in the small intestine was altered with Met‐Met. Moreover, Met‐Met increased tight junction protein and decreased apoptosis‐related proteins expression in the jejunum and ileum. These results suggest that Met‐Met can promote intestinal function over Met alone in Met‐deficient mice.     

花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响

为研究花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响.选取42头体重相近(11.40±1.36)kg、体况良好的40日龄保育猪,随机分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂由80％基础饲粮和20％花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮.试验共30 d,其中预试期8 ...     

妊娠期母鼠暴露BPA对子代断乳雌鼠生殖激素水平与受体含量以及卵巢DNA甲基化的影响

为探究母鼠妊娠期暴露双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对子代雌鼠生殖激素的影响及BPA与机体发生作用的分子机制。通过灌服不同剂量的BPA制造孕鼠BPA暴露模型,然后计算子代小鼠断乳时的死亡率、卵巢与子宫系数;放射免疫法检测血清中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_4)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清雌激素受体α(ERα)、雌激素受体β(ERβ)含量;qPCR法检测卵巢DNA甲基转移酶1(Dnmt1),DNA甲基转移酶3A(Dnmt3A),DNA甲基转移酶3B(Dnmt3B),孕酮受体(PgR)及雌激素受体α(EsR1)mRNA表达。结果显示,子代雌鼠的相关指标与母鼠妊娠期BPA暴露存在非单调性剂量-反应关系;卵巢系数、E_2含量与BPA剂量呈现"U"型关系;子宫系数,血清P_4、FSH、LH水平,卵巢ERβ含量,卵巢Dnmt1、 Dnmt3A、 Dnmt3B mRNA相对转录水平与BPA剂量呈现"波浪式"关系;卵巢PgR、EsR1 mRNA相对转录水平与BPA剂量呈现"倒U"型关系;且BPA暴露组与空白组相比有极显著差异(P0.01)。这表明BPA可能通过增强子代雌鼠DNA甲基化酶的转录活性使生殖激素分泌紊乱,造成子代生殖损伤。     

饲料添加黄金虫虫粉对小鼠肠道炎症相关细胞因子表达的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同比例黄金虫虫粉对动物肠道健康及局部炎症的影响,选取昆明小鼠28只,随机分为4组,各组基础日粮分别添加0％,5％,10％,20％黄金虫虫粉,饲喂2周后,灌胃0.05 mL/g的1× 108 CFU/mL的沙门菌菌液建立腹泻模型,荧光定量PCR检测小鼠肠道不同部位炎性因子及抗菌肽的表达量.结果显示,灌胃...     

6-羟多巴胺对小鼠体重及其小肠黏膜结构的影响

采用组织学和图像分析技术，研究了小鼠经腹腔注射交感神经损毁剂6-羟多巴胺后小鼠体重和小肠绒毛长度、V／C比值、绒毛宽度以及黏膜厚度的变化。结果表明，注射6-羟多巴胺组与对照组小鼠相比，体重下降（约3．4％）；小肠绒毛变短（5．6％～19．4％），V／C比值减少（0．88％～24．1％），绒毛变窄（8．8％～24．7％）、黏膜厚度变薄（4．4％～16．9％），其中空肠的绒毛长度和黏膜厚度减少较明显，而十二指肠和回肠的V／C比值和绒毛宽度减少较明显。提示交感神经的活动可影响小肠的黏膜结构，从而影响肠道的消化吸收功能。     

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)暴露对断奶仔猪血清及小肠黏膜免疫功能的影响

旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)暴露对断奶仔猪血清及肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响。选择30头21日龄临床检查健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,体质量(6.87±0.41)kg,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组和高剂量组分别饲喂含1,2 mg/kg的DON日粮,试验期为60 d。试验结束时,所有仔猪经前腔静脉采血,分离血清,用于检测免疫因子含量;同时每组随机选择5头仔猪进行屠宰,收集免疫器官及各段小肠,用于检测免疫器官指数及小肠组织中免疫球蛋白的表达水平。结果显示:与对照组相比,DON处理组仔猪血清中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、补体3(C3)及补体4(C4)含量均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);试验组仔猪脾脏指数较对照组显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);小肠各段肠黏膜中免疫球蛋白表达水平均随DON含量的增加而显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结果表明,在本试验条件下,DON可降低断奶仔猪的体液免疫及肠道黏膜免疫水平,改变仔猪的免疫功能。     

Effects of ophthalmic disease on concentrations of plasma fibrinogen and serum amyloid A in the horse

Reasons for performing study: There is little scientific information available about the ability of ocular disease to cause a systemic inflammatory response. Horses are frequently affected with ocular disease and ensuring their systemic health prior to performing vision saving surgery under anaesthesia is essential for the successful treatment of ophthalmic disease. Hypothesis: Ocular disease will cause elevations in the concentration of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and serum amyloid A in peripheral blood. Methods: Whole blood and serum samples were obtained from 38 mature horses with ulcerative keratitis or uveitis and no evidence of systemic disease, 9 mature horses with no evidence of ocular or systemic disease (negative controls) and 10 mature horses with systemic inflammatory disease and no evidence of ocular disease (positive controls). Blood samples were assayed for concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and serum amyloid A. Results: Fibrinogen and serum amyloid A were significantly different in the positive control group compared to the negative control, corneal disease and uveitis groups (P<0.126). There was no significant difference between the negative control, corneal disease and uveitis groups (P<0.001). Conclusions: Ulcerative keratitis and anterior uveitis are not associated with elevated concentrations of the acute phase proteins fibrinogen and serum amyloid A in peripheral blood. Potential relevance: When the clinician is presented with a patient with ocular disease and elevated plasma fibrinogen or serum amyloid A concentrations, a nonocular inflammatory focus should be suspected.     

锌、铁和维生素A互作对肉仔鸡血清中抗氧化生化指标的影响

试验选用360只健康1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡(公母混养),采用2×2×3三因子析因化设计,将360只试验雏鸡随机分成12组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。锌的添加浓度为:50、100mg/kg,铁的添加浓度为:30、60mg/kg,维生素A(VA)的添加浓度为:1500、3000、6000 IU/kg。以此来研究不同水平的锌、铁、VA同时添加时,三者间在肉仔鸡血清抗氧化功能方面的互作效应。研究结果表明:从血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛含量4个血液生化指标来看,锌、铁和VA三者之间表现出了显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。并且综合血清生化指标分析,锌、铁和VA的最适添加量分别为100mg/kg、60mg/kg和3000 IU/kg。