不同家系枫香种子活力的研究

采用直立板发芽、电导率测定、酸性磷酸酶活性测定等方法对75个枫香优树种子活力进行研究。壮苗率、活力指数、发芽指数等指标均能较好地反映不同家系枫香种子的活力差异。电导率与种子的活力呈负相关。酸性磷酸酶与壮苗率及发芽指数两指标间均呈正相关。     

不同温度下4种榆树种子发芽特征

研究了5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃不同温度处理对4种榆属榆树种子发芽的影响,并采用千粒质量、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、最初发芽时间、芽长和胚根长等指标对榆树种子发芽效果进行了评价。结果表明:随着温度的升高,榆树种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均上升。此外,随着温度的升高,芽和胚根出现不同的生长趋势,芽生长增加而根生长减少,各榆树种子最初发芽时间随温度的升高而缩短,发芽的最适温度因种和品种而异。     

合欢种子不同温度的发芽试验

试验研究了不同发芽温度对合欢种子发芽的影响，主要试验了发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数三个重要指标，结果表明：与对照(20℃)相比较，不同发芽温度对合欢种子发芽势、发芽指数的影响均达极显著，而对发芽率的影响不显著。其中15℃～25℃的变温处理是合欢种子发芽的最佳温度。     

仙客来种苗生产技术

仙客来主要采用种子进行繁殖,目前国内外仙客来种子大体上分为固定种和F1代杂交种两种。因品种的不同,发芽时间有很大的差别,播种时期的确定依所选品种的生育期与上市时间而定,同时结合当地的气候条件。下面就种子的选购、基质的选择、育苗方面的管理等方面对本地的种苗生产技术进行论述。     

温度对垂丝紫荆种子发芽的影响

试验研究了不同发芽温度对垂丝紫荆种子发芽的影响，主要包括发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数3个重要指标的变化。结果表明，与对照（20℃）相比较，不同发芽温度对垂丝紫荆种子发芽势、发芽指数的影响均达极显著水平，而对发芽率的影响不显著。其中15—25℃的变温处理是垂丝紫荆种子发芽的最佳温度。     

不同土壤湿度对沙棘种子萌发的影响

试验在保持温度、光照、基质等适宜的条件下,主要研究了土壤湿度分别为5%、10%、15%、20%的不同处理对沙棘种子萌发的影响,并采用发芽指数和活力指数对沙棘种子发芽效果进行了评价。试验结果表明,在不同的土壤湿度条件下,沙棘种子的萌发指标明显不同,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数在土壤湿度为5%~20%范围内随土壤湿度的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,10%~15%的处理其值较大。平均发芽时间也表现出明显的差异,在土壤湿度为5%~20%的范围内,随土壤湿度的升高呈现出先减小后增加的趋势,沙棘种子的活力指数先减小后增加,10%~15%的处理其值较小。从而得出,沙棘种子发芽的适宜湿度范围10%~15%。     

赤霉素对2个玛咖品种种子萌发的影响

以黑色玛咖和黄色玛咖的种子为材料,采用不同浓度的赤霉素(0 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L、400 mg/L)浸种24 h,测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、根长等指标,比较不同浓度赤霉素对玛咖种子发芽的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同浓度赤霉素处理均能提高玛咖种子发芽率、发芽指数、根长等指标,当赤霉素浓度为200 mg/L时,对黄色和黑色玛咖种子发芽效果最佳。不同浓度赤霉素浸种后,黄色玛咖种子萌发的各项指标均大于黑色玛咖种子。     

产地和萌发温度对胡枝子种子萌发的影响

以3个不同产地的胡枝子种子为材料,研究产地和萌发温度条件对种子萌发的影响,结果表明:产地对胡枝子种子的发芽指数无明显影响,但对种子发芽率和平均发芽时间均有极显著影响;其中黑龙江帽儿山产地种子的发芽率最高,发芽时间也最长;内蒙古扎兰屯产地种子发芽率和发芽时间居中;吉林蛟河产地种子发芽率最低,发芽时间却最短.萌发温度条件对胡枝子种子的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽时间均有极显著影响.15℃条件下种子的发芽率最高,20℃条件下种子的发芽指数最高,25℃条件下种子的平均发芽时间最短,30℃条件下种子各项发芽指标最差.产地与萌发温度的交互作用对种子发芽率和发芽指数影响不显著,但对种子发芽时间有极显著影响.     

盐胁迫对红黄两种秋葵种子萌发的影响

为了研究NaCl盐胁迫下的红秋葵种子和黄秋葵种子的萌发特性,对其进行了品种间的比较。研究了不同浓度NaCl溶液处理下的种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标。结果表明两个品种的秋葵种子,在不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理下发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数均无较大差异。低浓度的NaCl溶液,即NaCl溶液浓度在0.05 mol/L以下时,对种子萌发不抑制或抑制程度较低;但NaCl溶液浓度高于0.05 mol/L后就开始产生一定的抑制作用;随着NaCl溶液浓度增大,在NaCl溶液浓度高于0.25 mol/L时,各项检测指标急剧下降,对种子的发芽情况的抑制作用明显增强。     

仙客来的家庭播种

播种期：9月至翌年元月底，一般大花仙客来在前期的9月至10月，小花仙客来则在后期，因大花仙客来生长期较长。操作：将选好的种子先后用温水和常温清水，分别浸泡2小时、24小时，再用300kg/mg浓度的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡半小时。经消毒的种子，反复用凉开水冲洗干净，捞出摊在干净的餐巾纸上晾干，方可播种。播种时，用镊子将种子放入土内，株距1．5～2厘米，覆土或草木灰5毫米。用浸泡法浇水，即将种有仙客来的花盆置入水盆中，并注入足量水于水盆内，浸泡半小时左右，花盆表面土完全潮湿，确定水已浇透。最后，用两个塑料袋一起套在花盆口上，用塑料绳捆紧，盖上玻璃。播种完成后，花盆应放在荫暗、潮湿处。如卫生间内，但应远离暖气片，避免温度变化幅度过大。注意：①仙客来发芽前，切忌见光，莫掀开覆盖物；②发现盆土干燥需浇水，只能浸泡法浇水；③种子发芽后，将塑料袋解除，玻璃片仍盖上，将花盆转移到室内有阳光处，一周后再除去玻璃盖。仙客来种子发芽最适温度17℃左右，如在恒温15℃时，20天就可发芽完全，但在16℃～20℃气温下，30～40天才能发芽出苗。当仙客来有1～2片真叶时，可进行第一次移植，即转入育苗期管理了。（徐文春仙客来的家庭播种@徐文春     

ABT生根粉提高报春花种子活力的研究

为 提高报 春花种子 活力和幼 苗的抗 逆性 , 以 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉 不同 剂型 、不 同浓 度浸 泡 处理报春花 种子, 进 行了播种 发芽试 验。结果 表明 , 经 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生 根粉 浸 泡处 理 后, 发 芽率 、发 芽速率、发 芽指数、 活力指数 等活力指 标均明 显提高, 以６ 号 Ａ Ｂ Ｔ 生根 粉２０ ｍｇ Ｌ 浸泡２４ｈ 的处理效果最 佳。电导 率值和干 鲜比低 于 Ｃ Ｋ, 与种子 活力存在 负相关 关系。     

青钱柳种子不同方式浸种育苗技术试验

指出了青钱柳种子育苗采用3种不同方式浸种,其一用温水浸种处理,其二用吲哚乙酸200×10^-6溶液浸种处理,其三用ABT3号3号生根粉200×10^-6溶液浸种处理。分别用于大田育苗试验。实践证明:用ABT3号生根粉溶液浸种的种子发芽率,比用温水浸种、吲哚乙酸溶液的种子发芽率分别提高8.1%、7.8%,出土萌芽率分别提高6.7%、5.5%,苗木生长成活率分别提高8.9%、4.4%。一年生的苗木生长量,用ABT3号生根粉溶液浸种的种子培育的苗木,地径、苗高,比用温水浸种的种子和用吲哚乙酸溶液浸种的种子培育的苗木生长苗高,分别大13.0%、7.1%,地径粗26.4%、10.3%,生长率分别提高30.8%、5.6%。     

四翅滨藜播种育苗试验

通过四翅滨黎不同处理下的播种育苗试验研究,结果表明：种子的萌芽率与盐分胁迫呈显著负相关。采用浓度为0．8％NaCl处理的种子仍具有较强的萌发力;采用浓度2．0X10“赤霉素处理种子,可显著提高种子发芽率;采用温汤浸种与50mg·kg^-1浓度ABT6号生根粉浸种对幼苗前期生长有显著促进作用。     

五色梅繁殖技术研究

在塑料大棚内对五色梅进行种子贮藏播种、不同种类生长激素的扦插试验，结果表明：种子贮藏与否对发芽率有显著影响，贮藏12个月的种子发芽率可达82．8％，而新鲜种子发芽率只有32．2％；生长激素对五色梅扦插繁殖的成活率也有显著影响，经ABT1号生根粉处理后的成活率达91．8％；五色梅可用经贮藏6个月以上的种子播种和用ABT1号生根粉处理的方法进行大量繁殖和培育．     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of Cordia africana Lam.provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia.Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared.Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in10 replications,and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance.Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance.Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured.Seed length,seed width,seed mass,and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences(P0.001) among provenances.Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage,seed width and altitude,seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude.Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature,seed width and rainfall,seed mass and temperature,and germination and temperature of the seed source.As expected,differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour.Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

不同引发处理对了哥王种子萌发的影响

以了哥王种子为材料,通过比较不同浓度的GA3、PEG、NaCl、复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4预浸种处理后种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标,研究不同引发剂对了哥王种子萌发的影响,结果表明：4种引发剂浸种处理均显著促进了哥王种子的萌发及幼苗生长,各指标提高效果均以GA3处理最好,PEG次之,再之为复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4, NaCl引发效果较差,并且随着引发剂浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

Seed Size as a Predictor of Germination Success and Early Seedling Growth in ‘Hollong’ (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus Vesque)

In species with seeds losing viability shortly after dispersal and exhibiting inherently low germination, quick decisions are required with respect to seeds that should be selected to maximize germination success and vigorous growth of seedlings. In ‘hollong’ (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus Vesque), I address the following questions: (a) are seeds that germinate randomly distributed within a seed population, (b) are subpopulations of viable and non-viable seeds separable, (c) does seed size predict which seeds germinate and (d) does seed size predict time required for germination and seedling vigour? Two estimators of seed size, diameter and weight, demonstrated a significant positive linear relationship endorsing assumption that accumulation of mass increases with increase in diameter of seeds. A threshold for selection of potential seeds for germination could not be derived from diameter measurements since seeds in an entire range of diameter did or did not germinate. All seeds <11 g did not germinate, but this threshold lies at the far lower end of the weight range and allows rejection of only a few seeds and acceptance of many seeds that will not germinate. A risk of potential seeds being rejected or non-viable seeds being picked exists if selection was derived from either diameter or weight. However, viable seeds could be better predicted from a scatter-plot of diameter on x-axis and weight on y-axis. Seeds showed a fan-shaped scatter and those developing the lower blade of the fan did not germinate while those following the handle were successful. Hence, two subpopulations segregated, but with a fuzzy edge. Mean diameter and mean weight of germinated seeds were significantly greater than those of ungerminated seeds. Most ungerminated seeds were those that had relatively smaller weight compared to their diameter. Although some large diameter seeds with small weight did germinate, but failed to develop into seedlings. Germination time and seedling vigour parameters (height, leaf number and collar diameter) were correlated both with diameter and weight. However, weight appears to have mattered more than diameter in germination success and early seedling growth.     

Variation in seed traits and seedling vigour of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordia africana</Emphasis> Lam. provenances in Ethiopia

Cordia africana is a very important indigenous tree species for timber and other products and services in Ethiopia. Seed traits and seedling vigour of seeds from 12 provenances of the species were compared. Mean seed mass for each provenance was assessed for 1000 seeds in 10 replications, and seed length and width were measured for 100 seeds in four replications per provenance. Germination was assessed in a glasshouse taking 400 seeds from each provenance. Root collar diameter and height of 440 seedlings grown in a nursery for 290 days in Addis Ababa were measured. Seed length, seed width, seed mass, and shoot height and root collar diameter of seedlings showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among provenances. Correlation analysis between seed and seedling traits and environmental variables revealed significant positive correlations between seed width and germination percentage, seed width and altitude, seed width and longitude and seed length and latitude. Negative correlations were obtained between seed width and temperature, seed width and rainfall, seed mass and temperature, and germination and temperature of the seed source. As expected, differences in seed trait did not explain the variability in seedling vigour. Determining quantitative variations in seed traits and seedling vigour among provenances and the patterns along environmental gradients are essential for informing decisions on the tree improvement programme of the species.     

杉木种子萌发过程中细胞超微结构的变化及其与种子活力的关系

种子活力研究工作目前已由简单的发芽生理指标深入到细胞器、酶及核酸代谢等研究中。Woodstock及傅家瑞等在论述种子活力及其生理生化基础时,都首先强调了细胞膜和细胞器的完整性及结构上的变化对活力的影响。至今,国内外已在花生、黑麦、意大利伞松,大豆,绿豆等种子的细胞超微结构变化方面作了不同程度的报道。但这些研