长白山区天然柞树林林分生长模型的研究

利用长白山林区天然柞树(Quercus mongolica)林的森林资源调查设计小班数据,对10种常见的林分生长模型进行了研究。结果表明:所拟合的各林分生长模型检验精度均大于98%,拟合结果较好。天然柞树林生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的林分生长规律。模型(1)、模型(3)、模型(4)和模型(6)符合S型生长曲线,具有较好的生物学意义。通过对逻辑斯蒂方程进行计算,长白山区天然柞树林的速生期为27～70 a。     

长白山区人工落叶松林分生长规律的研究

从吉林省红石林业局森林资源调查小班中筛选出人工落叶松林分小班,以逻辑斯蒂模型和理查德模型进行构建,并对林分生长规律进行研究。结果表明:长白山区人工落叶松林分生长呈现出"慢—快—慢"的规律,所拟合的林分生长模型检验精度均大于98%,理查德模型拟合效果较好。人工落叶松林分生长分为3个阶段,其中"前慢期"时间为0～17年,"速生期"时间为17～36年,"后满期"时间为36年之后。林分数量成熟龄为37年,其平均生长量为4.624 1 m~3。     

长白山区人工红松林蓄积生长模型研究

基于吉林省长白山区1 078块人工红松林小班的森林资源规划设计调查数据,选用12种3参数的生长模型对蓄积生长进行模拟,并用决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE对模型精度进行检验,最后以模型外推检验其生物学意义。结果表明:人工红松林经历"缓慢—旺盛—缓慢"的生长阶段;理论生长方程Richards模型和Gompertz模型能较好地模拟这个过程,拟合精度较高,生物学意义较好;拟合的生长曲线呈现慢生树种典型的"S"形。对蓄积生长模型求导计算出连年生长量模型,表明人工红松林分在29a附近时蓄积连年生长量达到最大值。蓄积生长模型能较好地模拟长白山区人工红松林的生长过程,可为森林生长预测和经营优化提供参考依据。     

依兰国营林场不同林分结构内柞树生长状况差异及技术对策的研究

通过"样方标准地调查法"研究了依兰国营林场不同林分结构内柞树的生长状况,通过方差分析和多重比较方法得到柞树在针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和柞树纯林中的生长状况排序。结果表明:针阔混交林内柞树的胸径年均生长量、树高年均生长量和材积年均生长量3项指标在18~42 a之间均明显高于阔叶混交林内柞树和柞树纯林,优势明显。所以,无论从生态角度还是用材角度,培育混交异龄复层林结构对森林的永续经营和利用具有重要的作用。     

基于森林资源二类调查数据的思茅松人工林经验收获表的编制

以云南省澜沧县2016年森林资源二类调查的994个思茅松人工纯林小班数据为研究对象,选用4种生长方程和1种线性回归方程拟合思茅松人工林林木生长过程,利用SPSS19.0和EXCEL2016对5种预选生长模型进行拟合,基于相关指数最大、残差平方和最小的原理,确定了林分平均树高、平均胸径和单位蓄积的最佳生长模型,模型预估精度高达95%以上,对数据T检验结果,其残差均在95%的置信区间。根据拟合的林分平均树高、平均胸径和单位蓄积生长模型及相关公式编制了澜沧县思茅松人工林经验收获表。     

辽宁冰砬山地区蒙古栎生长过程研究

在辽宁冰砬山地区不同立地条件的蒙古栎林分中设置5块样地进行各项因子调查,在每个样地内伐取1株蒙古栎平均木进行树干解析,解析木年龄为50～63 a,树干解析数据表明:胸径连年生长量高峰值出现在15 a,平均生长量高峰值出现在20 a;树高连年生长量高峰值出现在15 a,平均生长量高峰值出现在15～20 a;材积连年生长量和平均生长量在35 a前增长较快,45 a后有所减缓,从生长量变化趋势来看,数量成熟龄应在60 a左右。选用5个生长模型对胸径、树高、材积的总生长过程进行了拟合,结果表明Richards曲线拟合效果最好,可以用其作为胸径、树高、材积的生长预估模型。     

利用可变密度森林生长动态模型计算乌尔旗汗林业局森林生长量与枯损量的初探

森林生长量调查是森林经理调查的重要内容之一,其调查方法多种多样。但随着科学技术的发展,特别是数学模型的推广应用,使森林生长量调查进入了新的时代。可变密度动态生长模型使人们对森林生长量的掌握,不仅免除现地标准地调查,而且落实到了每一小班和具体的林分中,使小班经营预测有了更可靠的依据。文章将利用可变密度森林生长模型,计算森林生长量在乌尔旗汗林业局的推广试验。     

基于生长模型的林地“一张图”林分因子更新研究

林地"一张图"是森林资源管理体系的重要平台,运用林分生长模型对林地"一张图"林分因子更新具有现实意义。基于昆明市第4次森林资源二类调查数据,建立了24个树种(组)林分生长模型,通过模型链接实现林分平均树高、平均胸径、每公顷株数、每公顷蓄积和平均蓄积生长量的过程动态模拟。树高生长模型拟合优度R~2介于0.21～0.64之间,胸径生长模型拟合优度R~2介于0.37～0.78之间,蓄积生长模型拟合优度R~2介于0.44～0.92之间;林分生长模型反演昆明市有林地蓄积量预测值与观测值相差37万m~3,云南省蓄积平均生长率反演昆明市有林地蓄积量预测值与观测值相差291万m~3。建立的24个树种(组)林分生长模型,能满足林地"一张图"林分因子更新要求,能动态掌握森林资源消长变化,可为林业政策的制定提供依据。     

海南岛尖峰岭热带天然林主要树种生长过程的探讨

尖峰岭热带天然林,树种繁杂,林木生长存在较大的差异。根据65株不同树种的解析木,按树高和胸径的年生长量划分为三种类型,即年平均生长量大于0.5(m或 cm)者为速生型,0.2—0.5者为中生型,小于0.2为慢生型,其中83.1％属于中生型,对各类型分别调制了生长过程的回归估测模型。材积生长量在三个类型中仍继续增长,数量成熟龄尚难确定。从缩短经营周期出发,可考虑采用工艺成熟龄作为择伐的回归年。据回归估测,速生型40年,中生型140年,慢生型180年,胸径可达32cm,树高23—24m,平均单株材积达0.9m~3以上,符合锯材原木标准,可考虑作为择伐回归年的依据。     

广西高峰林场杉木人工林林分生长过程表编制

利用二类森林资源小班调查测树因子,选择优良林分,建立林分生长模型,编制杉木人工林优良林分生长过程表,是简单易行的一种方法,在生产实际中有使用价值。     

云杉引种及种和种源早期评价

对引进的欧洲云杉、西加云杉、白云杉、黑云杉以及国内的川西云杉和青海云杉的24个不同种和种源生长及分枝性状进行早期(8年生)测定与评价.结果表明:5年生长期内生长及形态性状在不同的云杉种间和种源间的差异多数达到极显著或显著水平,且种和种源的方差分量分别占总方差分量的32.47％和23.97％,证明不同种间和种源间存在较大的遗传变异.通过多重比较和相关分析发现,国外的云杉种较国内种在生长表现和适应性上均有明显的优势.经性状相关分析得知:各个生长及形态性状之间均存在极显著的正相关关系,尤其是苗高与各分枝性状之间的相关系数均值为0.825 9.最后利用苗高为主要指标初步筛选出6个优良种源,人选的种源均表现出明显的优势,其中苗高、侧枝总数以及当年侧枝数的平均值分别为117.07 cm、57.75、12.46,均分别比对照种源的总平均值高48.54％、56.46％和63.30％.     

Spring growth of Douglas-fir seedlings from two bud development regimes

The effect of two bud development treatments on post-dormancy shoot growth was investigated with 1-year-old container-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings. A difference in the date of budset and number of overwintering primordia was obtained by applying 8-hour or 17-hour photoperiods in growth rooms during summer months. Seedlings were then chilled for 14 weeks at 4 °C and finally held 2 months at 22 °C under either an 8-hour or 16-hour photoperiod. The new shoot growth of seedlings with early budset had greater length, stem unit numbers, average stem unit length, and dry weight. Stem unit number of the post-dormancy seedlings was unaffected by photoperiod during flushing. Significant free growth occurred only in late budset seedlings and accounted for 40% and 46% of the fixed growth under 16-hour and 8-hour flushing photoperiods, respectively.     

Growth Characteristics of Introduced Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) and Narrow-leaved Ash (F. angustifolia L.) in Lowland Forest Region in Croatia

American ash and green ash were used about 100 years ago in the lowland regions of Croatia to afforest and fill the depressions where narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) could not survive. The growth of mean stand trees of green ash and narrow-leaved ash were studied in 14 sites (a systematic sample of 0.03 ha circular plots). A total of 212 trees were cored and 11 cross-section samples were taken for stem analysis. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed statistically significant differences in radial growth between narrow-leaved and green ash at all sites. In green ash, the test revealed a statistically significant difference in the radial growth between the last 20-year-period and the preceding 20-year-period. Green ash are characterised by the fact that annual radial growth in the first 20–30 years is very high (above average), while after that it is consistently suppressed below average growth and amounts to only about 1.5 mm. The obtained results of faster growth and a low final growth value suggest that green ash should be managed with short rotations, since this important pioneer species is intended to improve the conditions in those sites where forest vegetation has regressed.     

青岛山地黑松径向生长量变化规律研究

通过LINTAB年轮分析仪,分析了青岛山地黑松胸高位置径向生长量变化规律。结果表明,抱虎山和金钱鼎山黑松连年径向生长量表现为不稳定的波动变化,近30年间,抱虎山黑松的连年径向生长量为1.91~6.00mm,平均为3.47mm;金钱鼎山黑松的连年径向生长量为1.42~5.86mm,平均为3.00mm;黑松东西向(WE)、南北向(NS)的连年径向生长量变化规律不尽一致。近30年黑松的连年径向生长量累积分布均符合Logistic式的S形增长。     

不同种源西南桦人工林生长量研究

对普文试验林场的25个不同种源西南桦子测林测定胸径、树高、材积等生长性状,利用Excel和DPS数据软件Duncan进行数据分析。结果表明:不同种源西南桦5 a生时胸径、树高和材积存在着显著差异,生长曲线在2 a生时近趋于直线;在4 a生和5 a生时生长曲线呈波形;生长量最大的是种源E(广西田阳),其次是种源K(云南澜沧);4 a生时生长量最小的是种源A(广西凌云),5 a生时生长量最小的是种源J(云南墨江)。     

Phenological variation in height and diameter growth in provenances and families of loblolly pine

The phenology of 5- and 6-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees was studied over two different growing seasons (1993 and 94) in southwest Georgia. These trees were from 7–9 open-pollinated families from each of four different provenances planted at two locations. The provenances were: Atlantic Coastal Plain (eastern SC), Gulf Hammock (north FL), Lower Gulf (south AL, MS) and Upper Gulf (north AL, MS). Provenances did not vary as to when height growth started in spring, but showed very significant differences for the date of growth cessation in fall. The Gulf Hammock source grew the most and also had the longest height growth period, while the Upper Gulf source was first to stop height growth and had the least annual height increment. Provenances were also significantly different for the date of cessation of diameter growth (a difference of 22 days between Gulf Hammock and Upper Gulf), and the order of cessation was the same as for height. Families within provenances were significantly different for date of cessation of height growth and diameter growth. When family means were considered across provenances, there was a correlation of 0.69 (p-value = 0.0001) between annual height increment and date of height growth cessation. There was a weaker association between faster growth and a longer growing season within provenances.     

植物生长调节剂对刨花润楠苗木生长的影响

为找出可以加快刨花润楠苗木生长速度的生长调节剂,采用不同植物生长调节剂(PP_(333)、NAA、GA_3)及其不同浓度(0、60、120、240、480mg L~(-1))对刨花润楠幼苗进行叶面喷施试验,测定各处理后的苗高生长量,结果表明:PP_(333)阻碍苗木正常高生长,其余各种浓度的GA_3、NAA都有促进刨花润楠的苗木生长,以浓度240 mg L~(-1)GA_3或浓度480mg L~(-1) GA_3促进刨花润楠苗高生长作用最显著,浓度240mg L~(-1) NAA次之。     

海南木麻黄无性系生长过程研究

[目的]为了研究海南地区木麻黄无性系的生长过程,并确定其数量成熟龄和合理轮伐期。[方法]本研究利用海南岛3个试验点4个相同无性系10 a的生长数据分析了木麻黄无性系的树高、胸径和材积的生长规律。[结果]表明:木麻黄无性系树高和胸径的生长均呈"先快后慢"的生长模式,造林后1~6 a为快速生长期,6 a后进入缓慢生长期;材积生长则呈"慢—快—慢"的S型生长模式,造林后1~3 a为慢速生长期,4~7 a为快速生长期,8 a后进入缓速生长期。根据材积年平均生长量和连年生长量曲线的相交点,各无性系材积生长的数量成熟龄处于6~9a。利用3个试验点4个无性系获得的材积生长平均值,拟合了木麻黄无性系材积生长曲线的Richards模型,并得出材积快速增长的起始期t_1=4.9 a,终止期t_2=8.4 a,最大相对生长速率期t_m=6.9 a,最大材积增长速率25.8m~3·hm~(-2)。[结论]综合上述结果,建议海南地区将木麻黄无性系的轮伐期定为6~9 a。     

I-69杨生长过程分析和生长阶段划分

根据 2 90块 I- 6 9杨标准地调查资料 ,采用典型相关分析方法对树冠特性与生长的关系进行了定量分析 ;分别不同立地指数、不同造林密度拟合了胸径、树高、材积的 Richards生长曲线 ,并用有序样本聚类法以树高和胸径连年生长量为分析指标对生长阶段进行了划分 ,分析了不同状态下各生长期的特性。认为 I- 6 9杨是一个速生性十分明显的无性系 ,造林密度太大时会掩盖立地对生长和产量的效应。培育胶合板用材 ,应选择高立地 (2 0、2 2 m)地段和采用小密度 (156、2 0 4株·hm-2 )的栽培技术措施     

Genetic control and age‐related changes of juvenile growth characters in Picea abies

In full‐sib families of Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) the dynamics of juvenile growth and the inheritance of the most important growth characters were analysed in six growth periods in climate chambers followed by two additional growing seasons in a nursery. The full‐sib families were of French and North Swedish origin including both within and between provenance crosses. All growth rhythm characters changed over time. For instance, number of days to budbreak increased, whereas days to budset decreased, as growth periods advanced. Concurrent with the changes in growth rhythm, free growth decreased with increasing age. Half of the total variation for different growth rhythm characters within a growth period could in most cases be explained by provenance effects. Early selection is, therefore, meaningful to reduce damage by frost and mortality. Furthermore, the actual distances between family means decreased substantially with increasing age, and the actual length of the shoot elongation period decreased from 31 days during the second growth period to 16 days during the sixth. We suggest therefore that selection together with some treatment in the nursery that alters the growth rhythm of the seedlings are the best ways to increase frost resistance. Tree height was influenced by a set of complex gene actions that changed over time. Provenance effects were important during the first two growth periods. Subsequently, non‐accumulative within provenance family variance took over. If this pattern holds true in general, juvenile selection for height growth in Norway spruce cannot be made as early as that for growth rhythm.