热处理辐射松吸湿解吸等温线的测定与分析

为了筛选出适合新西兰辐射松的等温吸湿解吸模型,以新西兰辐射松板材为研究对象,经热处理温度为160,170,180,190,200和210℃,处理时间为2.0 h的热处理后,通过动态水分吸附仪研究热处理材的平衡含水率与热处理温度的关系,同时选用PEK模型及6种吸湿解吸等温线模型对平衡含水率数据进行非线性拟合并对其拟合效果进行评价,以确定最佳拟合模型及其参数。结果表明:在相同湿度条件下,热处理材平衡含水率最高为15.102%,低于对照材16.323%,相同处理温度的木材在相同湿度下,吸湿平衡含水率小于解吸平衡含水率;不同处理温度的木材吸湿解吸平衡含水率随热处理温度的升高而逐渐降低。PEK模型可以预测木材在吸湿和解吸过程中的含水率,其拟合度R~2在0.99以上。在6种吸湿解吸等温线模型中,GAB模型为最优拟合模型,可以预测不同环境湿度下木材的平衡含水率,其拟合度R~2在0.99以上。     

以亚麻油、桐油为主剂的木蜡油合成与涂饰性能分析

采用亚麻油、桐油为主剂,将植物油混合体在设定的温度下进行预聚合处理,通过设定预聚温度、原料成分组合等变量得到预聚体;随后,将预聚体与蜂蜡、棕榈蜡和松节油复配,制备木蜡油涂料,探讨木蜡油制备原料配方对产品粘度、干燥时间、涂饰视觉效果等性能的影响.油蜡涂料工艺研究显示:松节油的加入量对于木蜡油粘度有显著影响,增加松节油的加...     

户外用木材耐光老化技术研究进展

概述了木材光降解机理,主要从涂饰处理和改性处理两方面介绍了国内外木材耐光老化技术,分析了不透明涂层、透明涂层、表面添加剂复配涂层、木蜡油和化学改性、预处理固色等耐光老化处理技术的优缺点,为户外木质产品的耐老化技术研究提供参考。     

压缩工艺对毛白杨脲醛树脂胶浸注改性效果的影响研究

对毛白杨木材浸注脲醛树脂胶制备压缩改性木材中的主要影响因素及相关工艺参数进行初步探索与试验,并在实验结果基础上讨论了各因素对制作工艺及其性能的影响。结果表明:①影响板材性能由主到次因素的顺序为压缩率-热压时间-热压温度;②在试验参数范围内较好的工艺参数为热压温度140℃、热压时间20min、压缩率50%;③在试验参数范围内热压时间对试件增重率、含水率、树脂留存率影响显著,而热压温度对试件增重率影响显著,压缩率对试件密度、变形回复率、吸水厚度膨胀率影响显著。     

国内外木材耐光老化技术研究现状

木材在户外利用时,进行耐光老化处理可以有效提高木材制品的使用寿命。文中主要从木材涂饰处理和化学改性2个方面对木材耐光老化处理技术进行较为系统、全面的介绍,分析了无机紫外吸收剂、有机紫外吸收剂、木蜡油、化学改性及抗氧化剂等方法的优缺点。未来的耐光老化技术应主要满足以下几点:价格便宜,处理容易,低毒环保,紫外线屏蔽性能好,不损害木材表面性能及涂料涂饰性能;应主要开发多组分复配涂料以满足上述要求,克服单组份耐光老化技术的不足。     

甘油预处理对热处理材尺寸稳定性的影响北大核心

为提高木材的尺寸稳定性,采用甘油水溶液对毛白杨和云杉进行预处理,然后再进行热处理。通过检测处理材的密度、平衡含水率、吸水和吸湿抗胀率等,结果表明:与未预处理的热处理材相比,经甘油水溶液预处理后,热处理材的密度增加率提高;平衡含水率先降低后增加;吸水和吸湿抗胀率均显著增加。     

热改性木材化学成分变化及其影响因素

木材易产生吸湿变形和腐朽等问题，影响其应用效果。热改性处理可有效提升木材的尺寸稳定性和耐久性，并具有无毒、环保的特点，是一种极具潜力的木材改性方法。文中综述了木材组分（纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、抽提物）在热改性过程中发生的化学变化，以及木材树种和部位、处理介质、处理温度和时间对木材热降解的影响。经不同热改性工艺处理后，木材的化学成分变化存在较大差异。探明热改性工艺、热改性材化学成分变化和性能之间的响应机制，将有助于开发或优化热改性技术，从而得到性能优异的热改性材，拓宽其应用领域。     

环保快干型木蜡油的制备及其涂饰性能

【目的】制备一种绿色环保、快干型木蜡油，并对其漆膜性能进行表征，为木蜡油的发展与工业化应用提供理论依据和技术支持。【方法】以天然、可再生的植物油和蜡为主要成膜原料，以抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(L-AsA₆P)和异辛酸铁(Fe-eh)作为协同催干剂，制备出一种环保快干型木蜡油；以商业木蜡油为对照组，对沙比利基材进行涂饰，测试木蜡油的干燥时间、硬度、附着力、耐水性、色度、粗糙度和接触角等；使用扫描电镜对基材涂饰前后的表面形貌进行表征，重点观察基材细胞腔及木蜡油对其的填充情况；应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪扫描得到木蜡油及基材涂饰前后的FTIR光谱，分析各试样特征峰的峰位、峰高、峰宽等变化。【结果】L-AsA₆P与Fe-eh配比对木蜡油的干燥时间、光泽度和接触角均有较大影响。当L-AsA₆P与Fe-eh中Fe³⁺的摩尔比为5∶1时，木蜡油干燥速度最快，表干和实干时间分别为1.2和3.5 h，相比商业木蜡油分别缩短25%和34.3%；光泽度提高1.1倍，接触角长时间保持在95°以上，且其硬度、附着力、耐水性与商业木蜡油相...     

高温水热处理对马尾松木材物理力学性能的影响

以40年生马尾松Pinus massoniana木材为研究对象,采用不同水热处理温度(140,160,180,200℃)和不同时间(1,3,5 h)的热处理工艺,研究处理前后马尾松木材试件的主要物理力学性能变化。结果表明,试件的平衡含水率和失重率随水热处理温度升高和时间的延长呈逐渐降低的趋势;140℃处理的试件的气干密度、全干密度和基本密度随处理时间的增加变化不明显,但160,180,200℃处理下,随着处理温度升高和处理时间的延长,比处理前的试件均有所降低;马尾松木材的抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量均随水热处理温度升高和时间的延长呈逐渐降低的趋势。实验显示,高温水热处理改性马尾松木材物理力学性能的较佳工艺为:处理温度160℃,处理时间3 h。     

白橡锯材热压干燥特性与工艺研究

以白橡锯材为研究对象,采用热压机对其进行热压干燥处理,系统研究了热压温度、热压压力和试件宽度等因素对白橡木材干燥特性、颜色、吸湿性和尺寸稳定性的影响规律,获得了优化的热压干燥工艺。研究结果表明:采用热压干燥法可以实现白橡木的快速高效干燥,随着热压温度的升高,木材干燥速度显著加快,颜色逐渐加深,热压压力和试件宽度对干燥速率和颜色的影响不明显;热压干燥可以显著减小白橡木材的平衡含水率(EMC)和湿胀率,提高其尺寸稳定性,且随着热压温度的升高,白橡木材EMC和湿胀率降低,热压压力和试件宽度对木材EMC和湿胀率无明显影响;与对照材相比,热压干燥白橡木材的EMC降低9.97%~33.67%,径向和弦向湿胀率分别降低8.54%~33.96%、11.26%~30.02%;白橡木材的优化热压干燥条件为:热压温度为140~150℃热压压力为0.1 MPa,板材宽度为自然宽。     

高温热处理木材吸湿特性

【目的】研究高温热处理对人工林樟子松、杉木、美洲黑杨木材平衡含水率和吸湿特性的影响,为科学评价热处理木材吸湿特性提供理论基础,为人工林木材高附加值利用和实际高温热处理木材生产提供参考。【方法】以水蒸气为保护介质,设定180、200和220 ℃3个温度进行高温热处理,采用双室温、湿度控制法,在25 ℃环境中以8种不同类型饱和盐溶液精确控制水蒸气相对湿度进行等温吸附试验,运用Hailwood-Horrobin模型拟合等温吸附曲线,分析高温热处理对木材水蒸气等温吸附曲线线形、平衡含水率、单层分子吸附水和多层分子吸附水的影响。【结果】 180、200和220 ℃处理后,试样吸湿平衡含水率均值相当于素材含水率均值的80%、70%和50%左右;3个树种素材试样和高温热处理材试样均表现为第2类等温吸附曲线形态特征,Hailwood-Horrobin模型能够较好拟合不同树种素材和高温热处理材等温吸附曲线,不同热处理条件试样等温吸附曲线的拟合度均高于0.980 0,处理温度越高,等温吸附曲线越接近直线;高温热处理后代表含有单位摩尔数吸附位的绝干木材质量参数( W )显著增加,不同相对湿度下高温热处理材的单层分子吸附水和多层分子吸附水含量也随之降低;180、200和 220 ℃处理后,木材试样单层分子吸附水含量相较于素材下降20%、30%和50%左右,高温热处理对多层分子吸附水含量影响规律与之相近;高温热处理后单层分子吸附水、多层分子吸附水和吸附水总量的最大值相较于素材明显下降,且处理温度越高,下降幅度越大。【结论】高温热处理可明显降低3个树种试样的吸湿平衡含水率,且处理温度越高,平衡含水率下降幅度越大;高温热处理会一定程度影响木材等温吸附曲线线形,Hailwood-Horrobin模型可用于描述高温热处理材等温吸附曲线,且拟合度较高;高温热处理可明显降低3个树种试样等温吸附过程单层分子吸附水和多层分子吸附水含量,且处理温度越高影响越明显,单层分子吸附水和多层分子吸附水最大含量均明显降低,进而影响吸附水总量最大值。     

甘油预处理对热处理材尺寸稳定性的影响

为提高木材的尺寸稳定性,采用甘油水溶液对毛白杨和云杉进行预处理,然后再进行热处理.通过检测处理材的密度、平衡含水率、吸水和吸湿抗胀率等,结果表明:与未预处理的热处理材相比,经甘油水溶液预处理后,热处理材的密度增加率提高;平衡含水率先降低后增加;吸水和吸湿抗胀率均显著增加.     

Analysis of the water vapour sorption isotherms of thermally modified acacia and sesendok

Abstract

Two Malaysian hardwoods, acacia (Acacia mangium) and sesendok (Endospermum malaccense), that had been subjected to oleo-thermal modification were studied to determine their sorption isotherm behaviour using a dynamic vapour sorption apparatus. All the specimens were thermally modified using palm oil at three different temperatures (180, 200 and 220°C) and three different times (1, 2 and 3 h). The results showed that there was a reduction in equilibrium moisture content at each target relative humidity due to the heat treatment, but that the two wood species showed different behaviour in this respect. The adsorption isotherms were analysed using the Hailwood and Horrobin model, with excellent fits to the experimental data. The monolayer water and polylayer water were both reduced at a range of relative humidity values of the treated samples, although behaviour between the two wood species differed. Heat treatment resulted in an increase in hysteresis ratio, which was probably due to the increase in matrix stiffness of the cell walls.     

高温热改性橡胶木的生物耐久性

以水蒸气作为保护气体,在170,185,200和215℃的条件下分别热处理橡胶木3h,对热改性橡胶木的生物耐久性进行研究.结果显示:高温热改性可提高橡胶木的耐腐性,其改善效果随着处理温度的升高而提高,当处理温度为185℃或更低温度时,改善效果不明显.215℃处理3h后,褐腐(密黏褶菌)质量损失率由51.6％降至21.6％,白腐(采绒革盖菌)质量损失率由27.6％降至6.8％.选用烟曲霉、哈茨木霉、产紫青霉和可可球二孢进行防霉试验,结果显示热改性橡胶木的防霉性能与对照相比没有明显的改善;经涂饰后,热改性试材的防霉性能优于未处理材.野外耐久性试验结果显示,高温热改性不能提高橡胶木的防白蚁性能.     

Changes in the mechanical properties of wood during a period of moisture conditioning

Changes in the modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and stress relaxation in the radial direction of wood (hinoki:Chamaecyparis obtusa) moisture-conditioned by the adsorption process from a dry state and by the desorption process from a moisture content slightly below the fiber saturation point were investigated. The MOE and MOR of wood conditioned by the adsorption process showed significant increases during the later stages of conditioning when the moisture content scarcely changed. However, with the desorption process they did not increase as much during later stages of conditioning, though they increased during early stages of conditioning when the moisture content greatly decreased. The stress relaxation of wood decreased with an increase in the conditioning period with both the adsorption and desorption processes. These results suggest that wood in an unstable state, caused by the existing state of moisture differed from that in a true equilibrium state shows lower elasticity and strength and higher fluidity than wood in a true equilibrium state. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the unstable states of wood induced during the course of drying, desorption, and possibly adsorption of moisture are slowly modified as wood approaches a true equilibrium state.     

Improvement of mechanical properties of thermally modified hardwood through melamine treatment

Specimens of beech, ash, lime and poplar were thermally modified (T) and treated with an aqueous solution of melamine (M) resin to investigate the mechanical changes after combined (double) modification (TM). Density, solution uptake, weight percent gain, bulking and equilibrium moisture content were recorded to ensure proper treatment. Samples for Brinell hardness and three-point bending were cured at 120°C under dry conditions. The WPGs of the two treatment groups M and TM were similar, but bulking of TM specimens was negative. This might indicate an incomplete penetration into the thermally modified cell wall in combination with a potential leaching of soluble hemicellulose components by the alkaline impregnation solution. The decreased hardness of heat-treated wood was substantially increased by melamine treatment (combined modification). Both modifications and their combination slightly increased the modulus of elasticity. The modulus of rupture was increased after melamine treatment, decreased after thermal modification and combined modification. The work in bending was severely reduced for all treatments. Melamine treatment of thermally modified wood was carried out successfully and some mechanical properties were improved. Double-modified wood with increased modulus of rupture (MOR) and extraordinary surface hardness would be suitable for non-structural outdoor applications such as decking and cladding.

Abbreviations: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; EMC: Equilibrium moisture content; EMC_R: Reduced (corrected) equilibrium moisture content; IB: Impact bending strength; M: Melamine treated; MOE: Modulus of elasticity; MOR: Modulus of rupture; MUF: melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin; OD: Oven dry density; R: Untreated references; RH: relative humidity; SC: Solid content; SU: Solution uptake; T: Thermally modified; TM: Thermally modified and melamine treated (double modification); WB: Work in bending; WPG: Weight percent gain     

Dynamic water vapour sorption properties of wood treated with glutaraldehyde

The dynamic water vapour sorption properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were studied to investigate the modifying effects of glutaraldehyde. Pine sapwood was treated with solutions of glutaraldehyde and a catalyst (magnesium chloride) to obtain weight per cent gains of 0.5, 8.6, 15.5, and 21.0%, respectively. The sorption behaviour of untreated and treated wood was measured using a Dynamic Vapour Sorption apparatus. The results showed considerable reduction in equilibrium moisture content of wood and the corresponding equilibrium time at each target relative humidity (RH) due to glutaraldehyde treatment. The moisture adsorption and desorption rates of modified and unmodified wood were generally faster in the low RH range (up to approximate 20%) than in the high range. Modification primarily reduced the adsorption and desorption rates over the high RH range of 20–95%. Glutaraldehyde modification resulted in a reduction in sorption hysteresis due to the loss of elasticity of cell walls.     

超临界 CO2 萃取落叶松木材挥发油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2萃取技术萃取落叶松木材挥发油,以得率为考察指标,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量和萃取时间对得率的影响.确定了超临界CO2萃取落叶松木材挥发油的最佳工艺参数:萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度60℃,CO2流量10kg/h,萃取时间2h,在此条件下挥发油得率可达0.57%.     

Effect of EMC and air in wood on the new in-process moisture content monitoring concept under radiofrequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying

To improve the accuracy of the new in-process moisture content (MC) monitoring concept under radiofrequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying, equilibrium moisture content (EMC) tests were carried out under various ambient pressures, and pressure curves in wood were analyzed during chamber evacuation and heating phases. The results showed that EMC increased with a decrease in ambient pressure regardless of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and species. The accuracy of MC estimation for Hinoki under RF/V drying was improved from 1.5% maximum absolute errors to 0.6% after EMC modification. The pressure curves for Hinoki and Sugi under RF/V drying showed similar tendencies to an idealized process. Russian larch showed different curves, indicating that the pressure in the wood did not reach the ambient pressure because of its low permeability. Therefore, MC could not be estimated using this monitoring concept because of the presence of much air in the wood of Russian larch.     

Changes of chemical properties and the water vapour sorption of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus pellita</Emphasis> wood thermally modified in vacuum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and the dynamic water vapour sorption properties of Eucalyptus pellita wood thermally modified in vacuum. For this purpose, wood samples were thermally modified in a vacuum oven at 160–240 °C for 4 h. Chemical composition were investigated by wet chemical analysis, elemental analysis, as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and dynamic water vapour sorption properties were evaluated by dynamic vapour sorption apparatus. The results showed that holocellulose and alpha-cellulose contents decreased and lignin and extractives contents relatively increased during the heat process. Elemental analysis showed a reduction in hydrogen content and an increase in carbon content. FTIR analysis indicated that the degradation of hemicellulose and condensation reactions of lignin occurred. In addition, the thermo-vacuum resulted in a reduction in the equilibrium moisture content of wood during the adsorption or desorption process. And the sorption hysteresis had a decreasing trend with increasing treatment temperature. The development of the hygroscopicity was related to the increase in the relative content of lignin, the degradation of the carbonyl groups in xylan and the loss of carbonyl group linked to the aromatic skeleton in lignin after heat treatment.