育雏期蛋鸡舍内环境参数变化及其对雏鸡生长指标的影响

试验旨在探讨封闭式蛋鸡舍育雏期间环境参数监测及对其生长指标的影响。试验期间每周测定舍内前、中、后部不同位置的温度和氨气浓度,并随机选取每个监测点伊莎褐蛋鸡50只,测量其体重、胫长、龙骨长、胸宽等生长指标,试验期为1~63日龄。结果表明:试验期间舍内环境参数均在标准范围内,氨气浓度在育雏前期和后期鸡舍中间和后部显著高于前部(P<0.05),中期均无显著差异(P>0.05)。温度在雏鸡28、35和63日龄均为鸡舍后部的显著高于前部的(P<0.05),其他日龄无显著差异(P>0.05)。鸡舍内环境因素对各位点体重和胫长影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),胸宽在雏鸡42和49日龄差异显著(P<0.05),龙骨长在14、28和42日龄差异显著(P<0.05),其他日龄差异均不显著(P>0.05)。鸡群生长指标均匀度较好。由此可见,舍内环境控制较好且均匀度较高的状态下,育雏期间鸡群整体生长发育和均匀度较好。     

In-House Composting of Layer Manure in a High-Rise,Tunnel-Ventilated Commercial Layer House During an Egg Production Cycle

In-house composting has the potential to improve the viability of the high-rise house for commercial egg production by producing a value-added product from the manure without requiring a separate composting facility. The feasibility of in-house composting depends in part on having the ability to handle the manure mass that accumulates over an extended period. This field study showed that in-house composting is possible for the length of an egg production cycle. Beginning with windrows of a carbon source, fresh pine sawdust or shredded yard waste, upon which manure fell from the cage rows above, compost volume grew rapidly in the first few weeks, but slowed after composting activity peaked, as indicated by compost temperatures. In cold weather, when ventilation rates were low, compost remixing temporarily produced high ammonia levels in the house, but ammonia levels at other times were comparable to or lower than those in an undisturbed house. The final compost was friable and nutrient-rich, although the handling quality of the yard waste compost was reduced by persistence of elongated woody pieces of the original carbon source. The ability to access the manure storage area of a high-rise house over a cycle of production gives potential to deliver manure amendments to improve nitrogen retention in the compost, which would have the effect of improving its fertilizer value and reducing ammonia emission from the house.     

昆明系小鼠饲养层细胞制备条件的优化

通过分离不同胚龄的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF),对MEF进行连续传代培养,并对MEF不同的消化时间进行探讨,研究影响小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞分离与培养的因素.结果表明,分离小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的最适胚龄是12.5 d～14.5 d;37℃条件下,用2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶作用PMEF,作用时间不应超过15min;离散贴壁的成纤维细胞,作用时间以2 min～3 min为宜;MEF在第2代～第5代增殖旺盛,7代以后细胞出现急剧下降.所以选择第3代MEF是制做饲养层的最佳时机.MEF分离方法简单,来源方便,增殖迅速,是用于胚胎干细胞分离培养的有效培养体系.     

Growth Hormone Receptors in the Porcine Testis During Prepuberty

Supplementation of exogenous growth hormone (GH) during prepuberty advances onset of spermatogenesis in boars, but the mechanism of action is unknown. The present study is an investigation of the presence and characteristics of testicular growth hormone receptors (GHR). A total of 36 boars were castrated, three boars every 10 days, between the ages of 10 and 120 days. Testicular membrane preparations of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 100 and 120‐day‐old boars were used to determine ¹²⁵I‐bGH binding and Scatchard analysis. Liver from a 60‐kg barrow was used for comparison. Specific ¹²⁵I‐bGH binding to testicular membrane preparations occurred in all age groups with the exception of 20‐day‐old boars at levels of 30–40% of liver binding. At 30 days of age the unlabelled bGH at 1.1 ng/tube achieved half maximal inhibition (ID₅₀). Results of Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of binding sites. Binding affinity was 2.89 × 10⁹m with a binding capacity of 12 fmole/mg membrane protein. The results from this study suggest that GH may act directly on the cells of the prepubertal boar testis.     

Zhangfei在小鼠动情周期卵巢和子宫中的分布

探讨Zhangfei(ZF)在动情周期小鼠子宫和卵巢中的分布规律.通过阴道涂片方法确定昆明雌性小鼠的动情周期,利用免疫组化SP法检测了ZF在小鼠动情周期子宫和卵巢组织中的定位.ZF在各级卵泡的卵母细胞中均呈阳性分布,且主要定位于胞质中;次级卵泡和三级卵泡的颗粒细胞层中可见ZF的存在;成熟卵泡的颗粒细胞中ZF蛋白的阳性更...     

Expression Changes of FNDC5 in Adipose Tissue During Aging Process in Mice

In order to investigate the expression changes of type Ⅲ fibronectin domain contains protein 5 (FNDC5) in adipose tissue of mice during aging process,healthy mice at different developmental stages were used as research objects.In this experiment,HE staining,immunohistochemical staining,Real-time PCR and Western blotting techniques were used to study the expression and localization of FNDC5 in adipose tissue during aging process.The results showed that FNDC5 was expressed to varying degrees in the fats of all developmental stages in the aging process of mice and showed significant differences.HE staining showed that with age,the size of fat cells gradually increased and then shrank.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression level of FNDC5 in adipose tissue of young mice was the highest,followed by that of sexual mature adipose tissue,and that of aged adipose tissue was lower than that of sexual maturation,and the expression level of FNDC5 was the lowest in mature adipose tissue of young mice.Subsequent Real-time PCR and Western blotting results were also consistent with immunohistochemical staining trends.The above results indicated that the FNDC5 gene might play a certain role in adipose tissue,which would provide new ideas for the study of fat metabolism and obesity-related diseases.     

FNDC5在小鼠老龄化过程脂肪组织中的表达变化

本研究旨在探讨Ⅲ型纤连蛋白域包含蛋白5（type Ⅲ fibronectin domain contains protein 5,FNDC5）在小鼠老龄化过程中脂肪组织中的表达变化,以小鼠老龄化过程中不同发育阶段的健康小鼠为研究对象,通过HE染色、免疫组织化学染色、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting等技术研究小鼠老龄化过程中脂肪组织FNDC5的表达以及定位。结果发现,FNDC5在小鼠老龄化过程中各个发育时期的脂肪中均有不同程度的表达并呈现明显的差异性。HE染色发现,随着年龄的增长,脂肪细胞的大小呈现先逐渐增大后萎缩的趋势。免疫组织化学染色发现,FNDC5在幼年小鼠的脂肪组织中表达水平最高,在性成熟的脂肪组织中表达水平次之,老年的脂肪组织中的表达水平低于性成熟时期,体成熟的脂肪组织中表达水平最低。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测结果也与免疫组织化学染色趋势相符。以上结果表明,FNDC5基因可能在脂肪组织中发挥一定的作用,为研究脂肪代谢以及肥胖相关的疾病提供新思路。     

蛋鸡预产阶段的生理特点及饲养管理

鸡的预产阶段是指18～21周龄时期,是蛋鸡各生殖系统进入快速发育的重要阶段,在这一时期内鸡体的生理方面发生了急剧的变化,若不采取相应的饲养管理措施,将严重影响鸡群以后的健康和生产.     

细胞凋亡抑制基因免疫对小鼠生长及生长激素的影响

本实验用细胞凋亡抑制基因 (bcl- 2 )JLV重组质粒 (JLV -bcl)免疫小鼠 ,测定免疫后小鼠的生长及血浆GH浓度。结果表明 ,经bcl- 2免疫后实验组小鼠体重均低于对照组 ,在 7～ 8周龄时实验A组小鼠体重与对照组存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5)。用RIA双抗法检测血浆中生长激素 (GH)浓度 ,发现在首免后 3周实验A组小鼠的GH浓度显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5)。这些结果均提示bcl- 2基因与小鼠生长有关 ,如果用基因治疗的方法增加bcl- 2基因表达量可以增加小鼠的生长速度     

Cytoskeletal Changes in Oocytes and Early Embryos During in vitro Fertilization Process in Mice

The cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in the development and fertilization of germ cells and in the early embryo development. The growth, maturation and fertilization of oocytes require an active movement and a correct localization of cellular organelles. This is performed by the re-organization of microtubules and actin filaments. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the changes in cytoskeleton during in vitro fertilization process using appropriate immunofluorescence techniques. While the chromatin content was found to be scattered throughout the nucleus during the oocyte maturation period, it was seen only around nucleolus following the completion of the maturation. Microtubules, during oocyte maturation, were regularly distributed throughout the ooplasm which was then localized in the subcortical region of oocytes. Similarly microfilaments were scattered throughout the ooplasm during the oocyte maturation period whereas they were seen in the subcortical region around the polar body and above the meiotic spindle throughout the late developmental stages. In conclusion, those changes occurred in microtubules and microfilaments might be closely related to the re-organization of the genetic material during the oocyte maturation and early embryo development.     

辐照乳饼对昆明种小鼠生长发育和繁殖性能的影响

乳饼经真空包装后用60Co分别进行8 kGy和16kGy剂量辐照,分别在小鼠基础饲料中按10%和20%添加未辐照乳饼、8 kGy、16 kGy辐照乳饼作为对照组和剂量组,进行昆明种小鼠生长发育和繁殖实验。结果表明,乳饼经8 kGy,16 kGy辐照后并未对小鼠的生长发育和繁殖性能产生不良影响。     

Formation of Polyamines in the Rumen of Goats During Growth

Ornithine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.17) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (E.G. 4.1.1.50) and their products putrescine, spermidine and spermine were estimated in the rumen liquid from 3 groups of growing kids and 23 adult goats. Polyamines were also estimated in the feedstuff used. Marked differences in polyamine synthesis in rumen liquid were observed between the different groups of kids. Two groups of kids growing up together with adult goats had at an age of 2–4 months a peak of a few days duration in enzyme activity as well as in polyamine concentration. In these groups ornithine decarboxylase activity reached maximal values of 158±79 s (n = 4) and 100 (66–117) (n = 3) nmol[¹⁴CO₂]/ml rumen liquid/h at an age of 120 and 77 days, respectively. The corresponding activity in rumen liquid from kids who were isolated from other animals was only about 1/10 of this value. By comparison ornithine decarboxylase activity in adult goats was 30.7±20 (n = 43) nmol[¹⁴CO]/ml/h.In rumen liquid from kids grown up together with adults, concentrations of the polyamines reached maximum at about the same time as ornithine decarboxylase activity. The mean maximal concentration of putrescine in the 2 groups was about 350 and 500 nmol/ml, while the corresponding value for spermidine was about 200 nmol/ml in both groups.Relatively constant and high concentration of polyamines were present in the feedstuff used. However, in growing kids the ruminai putrescine and spermidine concentration at times far exceeded those that could be accounted for by the estimated intake of polyamines by the food. The results therefore strongly indicate that polyamines are formed in considerable amounts in rumen content of kids during the phase of rapid growth. Results from a few experiments with calves also indicate that this may be true for cattle.polyamines; putrescine; spermidine; spermine; ornithine-decarboxylase; rumen liquid.     

交感神经对妊娠早期小鼠子宫内膜发育的影响

为了研究交感神经对小鼠妊娠早期(妊娠第1～9天)子宫内膜发育的影响,本试验采用交感神经阻断剂6-羟多巴胺(6-OHDA,100 mg·kg~(-1)体质量)腹腔注射成年雌性昆明小白鼠,损毁外周交感神经.利用放射免疫分析法、组织学和免疫组织化学技术,检测了小鼠妊娠早期血清17β-雌二醇水平、子宫腺发育和子宫内膜细胞增殖的变化.结果显示:(1)在妊娠第1天(E1)、E5和E7 6-OHDA处理组血清中17β-雌二醇的含量分别降低了63.4%(P<0.01)、35.7%(P<0.05)和25.5%(P<0.05),而在E3和E9分别升高了79.3%(P<0.05)和156.7%(P<0.01);(2)6-OHDA处理降低了妊娠早期子宫腺的比例,与同期对照组相比分别下降了37.5%、38.6%、41.8%、61.4%和58.1%(P<0.01);(3)6-OHDA处理降低了妊娠早期子宫内膜细胞的增殖,使E1、E3、E5、E7和E9子宫内膜增殖细胞分别减少了27.2%、30.2%、40.7%、27.2%和27.7%(P<0.01).上述结果表明,交感神经对雌激素的分泌以及妊娠早期子宫组织结构的重建具有重要的调控作用,进而调节动物早期胚胎的着床和发育.     

应激对小鼠生长的抑制作用

以小鼠为实验对象,研究应激对小鼠生产性能、垂体肾上腺轴活动及小肠内消化酶活性的影响。在高温和高氨的应激环境中,小鼠垂体肾上腺轴活动加强,小肠内消化酶活性显著下降,生长缓慢。结果显示:垂体肾上腺轴活动加强和小肠内消化酶活性下降是应激导致动物生长缓慢的重要原因。     

凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对蛋雏鸡促生长作用的研究

本试验旨在探究凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对蛋雏鸡的促生长作用。将288只1日龄、初始体重(约为0.55 kg)相近的蛋雏鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。4组分别为空白组(生理盐水1 mL)以及益生菌低、中、高剂量组(凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI浓度分别为106、107、108CFU/mL,各1 mL),各组连续灌服28 d。在第1、2、3、4周进行取血,并采集蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠以及空肠黏膜。结果表明:与空白组相比,高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI在第4周极显著提高蛋雏鸡的平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.01),极显著降低料重比(F/G)(P<0.01);中剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著提高蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒隐比(P<0.05);各剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著降低血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性和D-乳酸(D-Lac)含量(P<0.05),高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI极显著降低血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.01);中、高剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI极显著提高第4周空肠黏膜黏液蛋白2(MUC2)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)的mRNA相对表达量(P<0.01);中剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI显著提高空肠黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量(P<0.05);3个剂量凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI对空肠Toll样受体4(TLR4)信号通路的抑制作用不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI通过降低肠道黏膜通透性,提高肠道黏膜屏障的保护作用及吸收功能,降低蛋雏鸡料重比,提升其生长性能。     

饲料蛋白水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

饲料营养水平对鸡的生产性能影响很大,特别是蛋白质及氨基酸的平衡,能有效降低鸡的非生产费用和增加养鸡效益。在蛋鸡育成期按饲料蛋白质含量分为低(13%),中(15%),高(16%)三个水平组,至开产前恢复正常蛋白水平(16.5%),进行全期饲养对比试验。结果表明,试验鸡生长发育正常,各项指标基本达到品种标准,至145 d平均体重范围在1312.5～1428.9g;305d平均产蛋率为70.9%～73.15%,和对照组相比,试验组体重和体尺及产蛋率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。经统计,试验一组比对照组料价每kg低12%,差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,采用科学合理的配料方法,在育成期降低日粮蛋白质水平,不影响育成鸡生长发育和成年鸡生产性能。     

泌乳母猪乳房发育及其对哺乳仔猪生长的影响

综述母猪泌乳阶段乳房和单个乳腺的发育特点,以及影响它们发育的因素,对现代母猪的饲养和哺乳仔猪的管理有一定的指导意义.