栓皮栎简易播种育苗技术

栓皮栎种子无休眠期,秋季种子成熟时当地气温较高、湿度较大,种子极易发芽、出虫和霉烂.该技术无需贮藏、催芽和规模耕地,只需修复好畦埂,便于灌溉;种子采集后及时进行熏蒸、播种,利用灌溉保持土壤湿润,以防止鼠危害.免除了整地、贮藏等常规措施,相对降低了育苗成本.出苗率达90%以上.     

七叶树冬季播种育苗技术

详细总结了七叶树冬季播种育苗的母树选择、种子采集、种子处理、贮藏、整地、播种、覆膜及土、肥、水管理等技术。采取七叶树冬季播种育苗技术,减少了种子的贮藏时间,节约了贮藏成本,降低了因贮藏时间过长,可能出现的种子腐烂风险。通过对比试验,七叶树冬季播种育苗,种子发芽出土时间提前,缩短了种子发芽出土苗周期,提高了种子出苗率和苗木质量。     

北京市苗圃防治松苗立枯病育苗技术的经验总结

森林保护室王增恩先生等就油松种子的贮藏、播种、灌溉以及轮作、间作等防治立枯病的方法加以总结,它对提高苗木单位面积产量颇有帮助。     

不同贮藏方法的花榈木种子播种育苗和密度试验

试验采用阴干、曝晒、冰箱贮藏、砂藏4种方法贮藏的花榈木种子进行播种,调查其出苗率,并用砂藏的花榈木种子进行不同的密度播种育苗试验,结果表明:采用4种不同贮藏方法的花榈木种子的发芽率差异极显著;以砂藏方法保存种子出芽率最高,冰箱贮藏效果最差;不同播种密度以株行距15 cm×15 cm的苗木质量和产量最好。     

甘孜高海拔地区大果圆柏育苗技术研究

本文分析了大果圆柏的生物学和生态学特性,对育苗环节的苗圃地选择、种子采集、种子贮藏、种子处理、播种时间、播种方式、播种量以及苗木的后期管理进行了叙述。研究结果表明：1）沙藏是贮藏种子的最好方式,各项调查指标均优于其它贮藏方式;2）育苗过程中,应该特别注意夏季的控温和冬春两季的控湿措施;3）大果圆柏种子生长周期长,易受病...     

催芽油松种子贮藏方法的研究

1998、1999、2000连续三年进行了用气调贮藏法贮藏催芽油松种子的试验,旨在使催过芽的油松种子经半个多月贮藏后,既能维持种子较高的生命力,又能抑制其生长而保持原催芽程度,以待雨情播种造林.结果表明,该方法贮藏的催芽油松种子播种造林后,需水量少,出苗快,在干旱时尚可提高出苗率,降低播种量.     

杉木种子常温贮藏

春季没有播种完的新采的杉木种子,如需留作秋季播种或次年春播时,都需进行贮藏。贮藏不得法,会使种子发芽力迅速下降,终至无用。根据我们多年试验和生产性的大量贮藏经验,在没有降温设备条件下,杉木种子常温贮藏并不特别困难,保持种子生活力的关键是使种子一直保持较低的含水量。二、三万斤种子贮藏证明,种子含水量保持在8%以下时,贮藏一年后发芽率约38%,贮藏二年后,发芽率仍可达35%(第一年入库前未检验发芽率),都达到二级的标准。     

大青杨种子贮藏播种育苗试验报告

吉林省林科所通过试验找到了大青杨采种、运输和贮藏的最适含水率和贮藏温度,筛选出种子的最佳吸湿剂。经生产性育苗试验,达到了当年育苗当年上山的效果。从中总结出大青杨种子贮藏播种育苗的新经验。     

种子贮藏和播种方式对红椆发芽及苗木生长的影响

以红椆种子为试验材料,进行贮藏和播种方式对红椆种子发芽和苗木生长的影响试验。结果表明:不同贮藏方式对红椆种子发芽率有极显著影响;不同播种方式对红椆种子发芽率和苗木地径生长无显著影响,但对苗木成活率和苗木高生长影响极显著。     

石梓种子的发芽试验

石梓(Gmelina arborea)种子特性与柚木相似,过去曾做过试验,在室内发芽皿中不发芽,一般贮藏方法,一年内即失去发芽力。有些生产单位播种覆土盖草,种子容易霉烂,低温季节播种,种子发芽困难。针对上述问题,我们进行了种子贮藏和催芽方法的探讨,取得了一定的效果。     

Analysis and modeling of timber storage accumulation after severe storm events in Germany

In this study, we explore the determinants of forest enterprises’ timber storage accumulation after severe storm events. The explanatory power of variables reflecting economic, institutional and tree species-related factors is tested via econometric analyses. Timber storage accumulation is assessed conducting a weighted multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, the moderating effect of timber price alterations on timber storage accumulation is tested employing timber price alterations as a moderator variable in a hierarchical regression analysis. The results show a linear positive relation between forest enterprises’ damaged and stored timber quantities. It was found that coniferous timber was stored to a greater extent than non-coniferous timber which can be explained by higher storm damage as well as better suitability for multiyear storage. State forestry stored the highest shares of damaged timber, followed by municipal and private forest enterprises, which can be explained as a countervailing measure. A further central finding of our study is that the timber price drops after storm events act as a moderator variable on the relation between damaged and stored timber quantities. Hence, empirical timber price reactions help to improve estimation accuracy regarding the shares of damaged timber which are stored. Derived from our results, we find timber storage accumulation to be a common practice by forest companies to mitigate revenue losses caused by extreme storm events. As coefficients vary strongly among the analyzed variables’ categories, we consider case-specific storage accumulation estimations to be crucial for improving the accuracy of national wood and timber accounting, but also for a full view on storm-related economic damage in the forest sector. In addition, it is likely that capturing the proportions of timber storage in forests will gain relevance in the future, since forest damage from natural disturbances is expected to increase as a consequence of climate change.     

漆籽油纳米乳液的制备及其抗氧化、防紫外辐射活性研究

以漆籽油为原料,酪蛋白酸钠为乳化剂,采用高压均质法制备漆籽油纳米乳液,通过单因素试验优化制备工艺条件,考察漆籽油纳米乳液在不同温度条件下的贮藏稳定性,并评价其抗氧化活性,采用体外细胞法考察其抗紫外辐射活性。实验结果表明:漆籽油纳米乳液较佳制备工艺条件为乳化剂质量分数为2.5%,漆籽油质量分数为6%,均质压力为100MPa,均质4次,制备的纳米乳液平均粒径163.0 nm,Zeta电位-41.01 mV,多分散指数(PDI)为0.225;漆籽油纳米乳液具有很好的贮藏稳定性,在4、 25和60℃条件下贮藏30 d,平均粒径保持在200 nm以内;对DPPH、ABTS及羟基自由基的有效中浓度(EC₅₀)分别为24.26、 23.77和21.10mg/L,抗氧化活性优于阳性对照V_C(38.48、 43.25和40.56mg/L);其对紫外线辐射损伤的NIH 3T3细胞有显著的修复作用,漆籽油纳米乳液质量浓度大于5 mg/L时,辐照30 min,长波紫外线(UVA)损伤的NIH 3T3细胞存活率高于100%,具有很好的抗紫外辐射活性。     

Root preparation technique and storage affect results of seedling quality evaluation in Norway spruce

Evaluation of tree seedling quality is necessary for improving technology for forest nursery production and seedling handling. Nutrient status can be measured to determine seedling quality, but it can be affected by seedling handling techniques. In this study effects of root preparation technique and storage regime on content of macro nutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg) in fine roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) plants were investigated. The root preparation techniques were: (a) rinse in tap or (b) deionised water, and (c) dry preparation. These techniques were tested on seedlings subjected to four storage regimes: (1) no storage, (2) deep freezing below −20°C, and long-term (3) cold (+1 to +3°C) and (4) frozen (−3 to −4°C) storage. From the results it was concluded that the nutrient status in needles is not sufficient to describe the whole plant nutrient status in stored dormant plants, fine roots should also be included. The results also showed that deep freezing of fine roots before nutrient analyses should be avoided. Losses of K, P, S, and Mg were substantial with this method. Deionised water or dry preparation is preferred since tap water contains substantial amounts of ions that may affect the analyses.     

Effect of nursery storage and site preparation techniques on field performance of high-elevation Pinus contorta seedlings

After five years of growth at high-elevations (∼3000 m) in Utah, container lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings survived well (80–95%) and grew to similar heights regardless of nursery storage method and site preparation technique. Seedlings received one of three storage treatments: (1) spring-sown in the nursery, overwintered in cooler storage and outplanted in July; (2) spring-sown, overwintered in freezer storage, and outplanted in July; or (3) winter-sown, no storage, and hot-planted in late August. We outplanted seedlings at two locations that were clearcut and had received two treatments of surface organic matter (coarse wood, logging slash, and forest floor) removal: surface organic matter (OM) piled with a bulldozer and burned or surface OM remaining in situ. Compared to adjacent uncut stands, both site preparation treatments increased total soil bulk density, but retaining surface OM in situ maintained soil OM, carbon, and nitrogen levels. After one growing season, seedlings planted where surface OM had been bulldozed were taller and had more biomass, although survival was similar (≥96%) across site preparation treatments. The height growth advantage disappeared after five growing seasons and although overall survival was good, survival was highest where site preparation involved removal of surface OM and freezer-stored seedlings were planted. Total non-structural carbohydrates tended to be higher in roots than in shoots and were also higher in hot-planted seedlings than in stored seedlings. Our results indicate that nursery and forest managers have several options for successful nursery production and outplanting of container lodgepole pine seedlings in the central Rocky Mountains. Using hot-planted seedlings allows for a faster turnaround time (from seed to plantable seedling) and maintaining surface OM may be a cost-effective alternative to dozer piling and burning.     

波纹杂毛虫飞机防治试验

波纹杂毛虫幼虫是马尾松林又一害虫.林间应用超轻型飞机大面积喷洒溴氰菊酯超低容量喷雾、白僵菌纯孢子油剂或菌药混合液超低容量喷雾,其防治效果分别为96%、85%、95%以上.上述的防治措施可作为单独的措施或综合防治中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高林密、水源缺乏、劳力工资昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一条适应林区林业生产整体水平而又快速、高效、经济的防治手段.     

Storability measures of Norway spruce and Scots pine seedlings and assessment of post-storage vitality by measuring shoot electrolyte leakage

As indoor frozen storage is increasing in forest tree nurseries it is important to have accurate methods for assessing seedling storability in autumn and methods to determine post-storage vitality. Storability of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings can be based on determination of dry matter content (DMC) of seedling shoots or by freezing shoots at –25°C and thereafter measure electrolyte leakage (SEL_diff–25). To compare these two methods we stored 1-year-old spruce and pine seedlings at different occasions during the autumn. To test if leakage of electrolytes from shoots (SEL) could indicate deteriorated vitality, we measured SEL at the end of storage. After storage seedling viability was determined in a three-week growth test, measuring shoot and root growth capacity (RGC). Determination of freezing tolerance (SEL_diff–25) before storage had a better ability to predict the outcome of storage compared to the DMC test. Measuring SEL at the end of the frozen storage period accurately indicated seedling vitality. Seedlings with SEL of 0–5% had a high survival rate whereas SEL over 10% indicated low survival and growth capacity after storage. The SEL method has a potential to become a screening test for identifying batches of seedlings that have been damaged during storage in the nursery.     

鱼鳞坑整地改善土壤水分状况与造林效果分析

通过引入土壤储水量、树冠覆盖率等指标,对鱼鳞坑整地改善土壤水分状况及其在侧柏造林中的应用效果进行分析,结果表明：采用鱼鳞坑整地可显著提高土壤含水率和土壤储水量;随着林地土壤水分状况的改善,造林保存率、林木生长量、林地生产力、郁闭成林的速度随之提高;在不同的土壤水分状况下,种群通过生物量投资与分配格局调节形成与之相适应的种群行为及个体形态特征,从而提高种群的稳定性或持久性。     

Effect of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on the major storage reserves of developing seeds and on seedling vigor of Douglas-fir

The impact of feeding by the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) on storage reserves of developing seeds of Douglas-fir (Pseudostuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) was studied by caging nymphal and adult seed bugs on cones during late-season development, and nymphs on cones during early, mid- and late-season development. Analysis of the major storage reserves of partially damaged seeds revealed that late-season feeding by each life stage and feeding by nymphs at all three stages of cone development significantly reduced the amounts of lipid and buffer-insoluble (crystalloid) protein in seeds at harvest by up to 78 and 97%, respectively. Seeds showing light to moderate damage on radiographs did not exhibit a reduction in the amount of buffer-soluble (matrix) protein. Seeds damaged by feeding during early development compensated in part by continuing to synthesize lipid and crystalloid protein. Light or moderate damage to mature Douglas-fir seeds exposed to L. occidentalis in the laboratory reduced seedling emergence by > 80%, but the seedlings that emerged successfully appeared to suffer no adverse effects when grown under standard nursery conditions.     

东北红豆杉有性繁殖播种育苗

东北红豆杉,又名紫杉,是第三纪孑遗的珍贵树种。红豆杉资源的保存和种苗的快速繁育,是解决紫杉醇用材林的基础,大面积营造红豆杉人工林是解决紫杉醇原料的关键。用红豆杉种子繁殖苗木时,要注意种子的储存方式,要沙种混藏或控温处理,这对越冬后出芽和打破休眠习性,具有很好的效果。播种前要搓伤种皮、温水浸种、药剂素处理。     

南方雨雪冰冻灾害受损森林生态系统生态服务功能价值评估

根据雨雪冰冻灾害森林资源受灾面积、受灾程度以及我国相关领域的研究工作,采用森林生态系统服务功能评估规范,对此次雨雪冰冻灾害受损森林生态系统保育土壤、涵养水源、森林固碳和生物多样性进行初步评估.结果表明:此次雨雪冰冻灾害造成生态系统服务功能损失的价值为7 117亿元,各项服务功能价值量损失排序为水源涵养>森林碳储量>生物多样性>森林年固碳能力>保育土壤;从各省份雨雪冰冻灾害森林生态系统服务功能损失价值来看,江西与湖南最大,分别为1 499.8亿元和1 463.75亿元,江苏、陕西和青海最小,分别为58.96亿元、53.42亿元与1.06亿元;从各省份雨雪冰冻灾害不同树种生态服务功能受损情况来看,马尾松、杉木最为严重,马尾松林生态服务功能损失价值为1 570.16亿元,不同树种生态服务功能损失价值排序为马尾松>杉木>阔叶树>竹林>其他树种>经济林树种>湿地松>桉树.