乌龙茶无公害栽培的技术特点

几年来，为彻底解决茶叶“农残”问题，生产产品达到各进口国所制定的茶叶卫生质量标准，我县上下形成共识，。大力实施尤公害茶叶栽培，取得显著成效。目前，在我县2万hm^2茶园中，无公害茶园占2／3左右。2001年，我县被农业部确定为“全国首批觅公害种植业（茶叶）生产示范县”。2003年获得农业部颁发的“全国无公害农产晶（茶叶洼产示范基地县达标单位”证书。在乌龙茶无公害栽培过程中，笔者认为最关键的技术特点是：     

无公害茶叶生产技术总结

为了进一步促进我县茶叶的发展，提高我县茶叶出口的卫生质量，我中心于1999年开始，在台资茶业企业山富茶厂建立茶叶绿色食品基地，面积700亩，严格按无公害茶叶绿色食品标准实施管理，取得一定的成效。三年来，每年随机抽样送检，均达到茶叶绿色食品卫生标准，产量逐年递增，2001年产量可达40吨，产值180万元，其均价较常规茶叶高出40~60%，产品已在港、澳、台、欧盟市场打开销路，最高价达1000元/公斤，产品供不应求，市场前景看好，现将实施的情况总结如下： 1 选择和建立生态环境良好的茶园 根据绿色食品生态环境的标准，我们选择四…     

无公害茶叶栽培技术的应用

随着经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,人们对日常生活中食品安全的问题逐渐重视起来。大多数人们还是趋向于接受安全无公害的食品。所以,人们对于无公害的茶叶栽培技术也就更加看重。对于应用无公害茶叶的栽培技术,不仅能够对茶叶中的有害农药杂质进行控制,还能够保障无公害茶叶的绿色生态性质。只有在茶叶栽培中使用无公害的茶叶栽培技术,才能保证培养出的茶叶能够满足现在人们的生活水平,无公害的茶叶栽培维护了广大人民的基本利益。因此,本文将主要从选择无公害茶叶基地的选择、无公害茶树树种的选择、无公害茶树施肥技术的选择、茶树剪裁的手段、无公害茶叶病虫害防治技术的应用以及无公害茶园土壤的管理等六个方面,来对无公害茶叶栽培技术进行应用介绍,以期为人们提供更好的无公害茶叶。     

新昌县创建全国茶叶标准化生产示范区的成效与措施

农业部在2000年下达了首批全国农产品标准化生产综合示范区建设计划[农市发(2000)20号文件],新昌县被列为6个全国农产品(茶叶)标准化生产综合示范区之一,也是全国惟一的茶叶标准化示范区.3年来,按照示范区建设要求,县政府认真规划,积极实施,目前全县茶叶标准化示范区面积达到63000亩,生产无公害茶4225t,完成了预定的目标任务.实现了提高茶叶产品质量,增强市场竞争力,确保茶叶产品质量和消费安全,以及茶业增效、茶农增收的目的.     

怎样生产无公害茶叶

一、“无公害茶”的含义 无公害茶叶是指各类茶叶生产品中的有害物质(农约残留、重金属、有害微生物等)的卫生质量指标达到有关最大限量标准以内的茶叶,对消费者身心健康无害。无公害名优茶则要求安全性、营养性、食味性和外观形俱佳的茶叶产品。 (一)在无公害茶生产发展过程中,先后出现过绿色食品茶,有机茶和低残留茶等名称,事实上它们都属     

柘荣县石山良种场无公害茶园管理与病虫害防治技术

随着人们对食品安全的重视，绿色无公害茶叶越来越受到消费者的欢迎，发展无公害茶叶成为当前茶叶生产的热点。我国农业部于2001年制定了无公害茶叶系列行业标准，对无公害茶叶产地环境条件、生产操作规程、加工技术规程和产品安全指标都提出了严格要求。柘荣县地处闽东山区，是国家级生态农业示范县，发展无公害茶叶具有得天独厚的自然环境条件。柘荣县石山良种场现有茶园面积310亩，     

无公害茶园管理安全用药是关键

发展无公害茶叶是当今茶叶生产的热点。在无公害茶园的病虫防治中，应认真做好以下六方面的工作，才能降低农药残留，使茶叶中的农残符合无公害茶叶的要求。     

闽中茶叶害虫种群变化与无公害治理技术探讨

我县地处闽中,气候类型复杂多样,立体气候明显,加上毗邻我省茶叶主产区安溪、永春,自然条件、人文环境优越.近年来以铁观音为主的高山名优茶得到长足发展,现有茶园面积2.5万亩,而成为我省高山名优茶主要产区之一.由于茶叶种植区域,茶叶品种布局,栽培管理措施的改进,不合理使用农药等因素影响,使我县茶叶害虫种群发生变化.本文就我县茶叶害虫种群变化与为害特点、种群变化影响因素及无公害治理技术探讨介绍如下.     

2001年茶叶经济形势分析

一、2001年国内茶叶产销形势 (一)国内茶叶生产情况 2001年是我国茶叶生产发展较为健康的一年，主要体现在：一是茶叶作为经济效益较好的作物之一普遍受到重视，茶园面积增加，茶园素质也得到提高；二是茶叶的结构继续得到调整，名优茶持续得到发展；三是无公害茶、有机茶生产成为大家的共识，各地都在积极创造条件发展无公害茶生产。为了促进无公害茶的生产，农业部正式颁布了《无公害茶叶》行业标准，并规定从2001年10月1日起开始正式执……     

无公害茶叶生产综合技术

通过对无公害茶叶综合技术的研究,提出了应用与推广的新举措,进一步推动湖北无公害茶叶生产健康发展。并产生了较好的经济、社会、生态效益。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.