Normal and Abnormal Parrot Behavior

Behavior and behavior-associated issues are an important part of psittacine medicine. However, many veterinarians have an approach to parrots from the basics of handling and restraint to their assessment of behavioral issues (e.g., feather plucking), that fails to take into account the importance of understanding a bird’s natural behavior in the wild, and how these actions can be adapted to optimize interactions between the bird and their human owners. Understanding how to influence parrot behavior by positive reinforcement rather than punishment is key to improving the welfare of these captive birds and their owners.     

Aggressive behavior problems

Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns.     

Feeding and drinking behavior problems

The physiologic and behavioral basis of normal canine and feline feeding is given in detail. Abnormalities of ingestive behavior include obesity and anorexia in both species, flank or blanket sucking in Doberman Pinschers, coprophagia and stone chewing in dogs, and wool chewing in cats. Drinking behavior is discussed briefly, and the abnormalities of hypernatremia (a failure of thirst) and psychogenic polydipsia and polyphagia are reviewed.     

家禽鹦鹉热

鹦鹉热是自然疫源性衣原体病。在自然情况下，野鸟，特别是鹦鹉的感染率较高，所以称为鹦鹉热。该病也可以传染给人，是由于接触带衣原体的家禽或鸟而感染，是典型的动物源性传染病。家禽多为隐性感染，主要特征为结膜炎、鼻炎及腹泻，严重时可流行。本病在欧、美各国及非洲分布广，危害极大。我国于二十世纪八十年代从鸽、鸭、鸡等禽中分离出该病衣原体，人也有感染的报道，所以必须加强对鹦鹉热的防治。     

Cat elimination behavior problems

This article focuses on behavior problems for which pathophysiologic causes have been ruled out. General discussions of marking, urination, and defecation, the specific postures used for each behavior, and procedures for diagnosis and treatment are discussed briefly. New information is provided about cat's preferences for different types of litter materials.     

环境丰容在鹦鹉展区中的应用

2007年12月～2008年8月,通过进行笼内环境生态化布置、改变食物投喂方式、投放玩具等方式,对上海动物园葵花凤头鹦鹉实施了丰容试验,并通过对3只葵花凤头鹦鹉的行为观察进行了丰容效果的评价。结果表明：丰容促进了鹦鹉身体各部位协调性;休息行为减少,活动行为增加;异常行为减少;丰容区域利用率大于非丰容区。针对动物园鹦鹉饲养中存在的一些问题,本文提出了几点建议：保证视线无障碍设施的防撞、防逃逸、通风、保洁＇加强饲养员的专业知识培训和责任性教育i针对不同物种采取不同丰容方式并定期维护及更换丰容设施;经常开展国际交流,提升丰容水平等。     

Trainers and chokers. How dog trainers affect behavior problems in dogs

Veterinarians will benefit from carefully selecting a dog trainer to assist clients. Poorly qualified and poorly selected dog trainers can increase problems for the practitioner. Methods of assessing a dog trainer's skills and value to the practitioner are outlined.     

我国鹦鹉资源及其市场开发

鹦鹉泛指鹦形目的热带鸟类，它们具有体态优雅，羽色艳丽多彩的特点，有的还能模仿人语，具有表演技艺，所以成为古今中外驰名的观赏鸟。养殖鹦鹉不仅可以观赏，减少对野生资源的过度捕猎，保护生态环境，而且具有十分可观的经济价值。近年来，我国鹦鹉养殖已较为普遍，并     

Human-companion animal relationships and animal behavior problems

The compatibility of the social systems of humans and companion animals has facilitated the formation of a unique interspecific relationship. Some of the most common behavior problems that people have with their pets are a result of the type of relationship that has formed between them. In most cases, neither pet nor owner is exhibiting abnormal behavior; rather, they are demonstrating normal species-typical behaviors that are unacceptable to the other species.     

Preventing behavior problems in puppies and kittens

There are many common issues that owners find problematic with their puppy's or kitten's behavior, such as eliminating in inappropriate locations, chewing, mouthing, growling, and biting. Many of these issues can be prevented or managed by helping owners understand normal canine and feline behavior and by teaching the puppy and kitten socially acceptable behaviors. The focus always should be on rewarding acceptable behaviors rather than punishing unacceptable ones. Puppy Preschool and Kitten Kindergarten classes are an ideal avenue to introduce pet owners to modern, humane ways to train and socialize their pets to be a valuable part of today's society.     

The pathophysiologic basis of behavior problems

A wide range of physical disorders in small animals manifest as abnormal behavior. Owners may present physically ill animals exhibiting aggression or other personality changes, self-mutilation or excessive pruritus, hyperactivity, abnormal elimination patterns, or other problems. Pathophysiology should be investigated in cases of sudden or persistent changes in the behavior of an animal.     

鹦鹉眼炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

鹦鹉眼炎为鹦鹉饲养过程中最常见疾病,该病常会导致鹦鹉观赏价值下降,同时也成为人们健康的隐患。本试验通过取患鸟的眼部分泌物进行病原分离鉴定及药敏试验的研究,探讨引起鹦鹉眼炎的主要致病菌的类型,抗生素对鹦鹉眼炎主要致病菌的抑制效果。试验结果显示,引起鹦鹉眼炎的病原菌为大肠杆菌,42种抗生素中的氧氟沙星和环丙沙星体外抑菌效果最佳。将上述菌种进行动物接种试验,成功复制出本病,应用含有氧氟沙星成分的眼药水治疗,有明显疗效。据此可提出有效防治措施,为鹦鹉眼炎疾病防治提供参考依据。     

鹦鹉常见细菌病的病原菌分离与鉴定

鹦鹉饲养过程中常见的细菌病主要包括大肠杆菌病、传染性鼻炎、禽霍乱、传染性眼炎等。通过对鹦鹉常见疫病的病原菌进行分离鉴定,探讨了鹦鹉常见细菌病的主要致病菌的类型以及行之有效的防治方案。试验结果表明,引起鹦鹉常见细菌病的主要致病菌有大肠杆菌、鸡副嗜血杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药性链球菌。