一种中药复方饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

选用40只1日健康AA肉仔鸡随机分成4组,分别饲喂基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋中药复方饲料添加剂1、基础日粮＋中药复方饲料添加剂2、基础日粮＋中药复方饲料添加剂3,以研究不同水平中药复方饲料添加剂对42日龄肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫器官、睥淋巴细胞增殖指数、血清中白介素-4和干扰素-7含量的影响。结果表明,基础El粮＋中药复方饲料添加剂1组在对肉仔鸡生长性能、脾淋巴细胞增殖指数和血清中白介素-4含量的影响中均有显著效果,可有效提高淋巴细胞和细胞因子的免疫调节功能。     

中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫器官指数的影响,选取体重接近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡288只,按体重均匀分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,即每组72只鸡。设对照组：日粮中不添加中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅰ组：日粮中添加0.5%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅱ组：日粮中添加1%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅲ组：日粮中添加2%中草药饲料添加剂。进行为期42d的饲养试验,测定各组的采食量、日增重、料重比以及脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果表明,肉仔鸡日粮中添加复方中草药制剂能够显著提高生长性能及免疫器官指数,日粮中添加1%复方中草药制剂效果最好。     

天然植物提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

选用200只1日龄从健康肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复10只鸡.1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2、3和4组为试验组,饲喂添加不同剂量中药添加剂的基础日粮.研究中药添加剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加中药添加剂可显著提高肉仔鸡的饲料转化率和免疫器官指数.     

中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡肉品质的影响

为了研究中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡肉品质的影响;选取体重接近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡288只,按体重均匀分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,即每组72只鸡。设对照组：日粮中不添加中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅰ组：日粮中添加0.5%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅱ组：日粮中添加1%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅲ组：日粮中添加2%中草药饲料添加剂。进行为期42 d的饲养试验。结果表明：添加复方中药制剂对肉仔鸡的肉品质有一定的改善作用,能够提高肉仔鸡粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及肉色,并有降低滴水损失的趋势;日粮中添加1%复方中药制剂效果最好。     

复方中草药对肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验选用96只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,采用单因子随机化设计,分2组,分别饲喂基础日粮及在基础日粮中添加1%复方中草药制剂的试验日粮,研究复方中草药添加剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。复方中草药制剂选用刺五加、麦芽、炒山楂、贯众、苍术和五味子按一定比例制成。结果表明:1)复方中草药制剂可显著提高肉鸡日增质量,但对料重比影响不大。2)复方中草药制剂可在一定程度上改善肉仔鸡的免疫功能,提高21日龄肉仔鸡脾和胸腺指数及外周血淋巴细胞转化率和血清免疫球蛋白M水平,提高42日龄肉仔鸡血清免疫球蛋白A水平。     

银杏叶提取物对肉仔鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖及IL-2分泌影响的血清药理学研究

本试验旨在采用血清药理学方法研究银杏叶提取物(EGB)对肉仔鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖及分泌白介素-2(IL-2)的影响。试验采用基础日粮(对照)和基础日粮中分别添加0.009%金霉素及0.15%、0.20%、0.25%EGB的4种日粮饲喂肉仔鸡。21、42日龄时,采血并制备对照组、金霉素组和EGB含药血清,然后分别加入到体外培养的由伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)诱导的肉仔鸡脾脏淋巴细胞中,再分别用MTT法、ELISA法测定淋巴细胞增殖的变化和IL-2的分泌量。结果表明:EGB含药血清能显著促进由ConA诱导的肉仔鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2分泌(P<0.05),而且EGB含药血清的作用效果好于金霉素组含药血清,表明EGB含药血清可促进由ConA诱导的肉仔鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖和分泌IL-2。     

谷氨酰胺对1-3周龄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响

为了研究谷氨酰胺对1-3周龄肉仔鸡免疫功能的影响,本试验选用1日龄艾维因肉仔鸡300羽,随机分为4组(每组3个重复),分别饲喂:基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5%Gln(0.5%Gln组)、基础日粮+1.0%Gln(1.0%Gln组)和基础日粮+1.5%Gln(1.5%Gln组),试验期21 d.分别在试验的第7、14和21天屠宰取样.测定免疫器官指数和血清中补体、免疫球蛋白含量和各免疫器官中IL-2和IL-6的含量.结果表明:谷氨酰胺可以显著提高1周龄肉仔鸡C3和IgG水平;1-3周龄肉仔鸡胸腺、脾脏指数;血清中IgA、IgM和胸腺、法氏囊中IL-2、IL-6的水平(P<0.05);对1周龄肉仔鸡血清中IL-2和1-3周龄法氏囊指数无显著影响(P>0.05),提示日粮中添加谷氨酰胺具有改善肉仔鸡免疫功能的作用.     

中草药饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡血液指标的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同剂量的中草药饲料添加剂对内仔鸡血液指标的影响,选取体重接近的健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡288只,按体重均匀分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,即每组72只鸡.设对照组:日粮中不添加中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅰ组:日粮中添加0.5%中草药饲料添加剂:试验Ⅱ组:日粮中添加1%中草药饲料添加剂;试验Ⅲ组:日粮中添加2%中草药饲料添加剂.进行为期42 d的饲养试验.测定各组的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、尿素氮(BUN)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG).结果表明,添加复方中草药制剂能够提高肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白以及免疫球蛋白含量,降低血清尿素氮含量,改善蛋白质的利用率,提高免疫功能.日粮中添加1%复方中药制剂效果最好.     

苜蓿素对AA肉仔鸡免疫指标的影响

为研究不同剂量的苜蓿素对AA肉仔鸡免疫指标的影响,选取1日龄AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组基础日粮中分别添加150、300、450 mg/kg苜蓿素。分别于28、35和42 d从每组取10只鸡进行采血,测定血清球蛋白含量;取法氏囊和脾脏,称重并计算免疫器官指数;采用MTT比色法测定T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果表明,基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂28 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.05）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂28 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡血清球蛋白含量和免疫器官指数（P〈0.05）。添加300 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂35 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡血清球蛋白含量、免疫器官指数（P〈0.05）,显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂35 d,能够显著提高血清球蛋白含量、脾脏指数（P〈0.05）,显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）,极显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.01）。添加300和450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂42 d,能够极显著提高AA肉仔鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂42 d,能够显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）。结果提示,日粮中添加苜蓿素能够提高多项AA肉仔鸡免疫指标,以添加450 mg/kg效果最优。     

霉变日粮中添加酵母葡聚糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、器官指数及血清指标的影响

试验旨在研究酵母葡聚糖对饲喂霉变日粮肉仔鸡生长性能、血清指标及器官指数的影响。选用180只体重接近的4日龄肉仔鸡随机分成5组,分别为对照组(基础日粮组)、发霉饲料组(日粮中的正常玉米由发霉玉米替代)、试验组Ⅰ(发霉饲料+0.05%酵母葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅱ(发霉饲料+0.10%酵母葡聚糖)、试验组Ⅲ(发霉饲料+0.15%酵母葡聚糖),试验期为21 d。结果表明:发霉玉米日粮中低剂量的霉菌毒素对肉仔鸡生长性能无影响,但可导致肝脏、心脏和脾脏肿胀,胸腺和法氏囊萎缩,血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮浓度降低;在发霉玉米日粮中添加0.05%~0.15%的酵母葡聚糖,能降低发霉玉米中霉菌毒素对内脏器官的毒害作用,使器官指数和血清指标基本恢复到正常水平。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.