日粮中添加不同柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生长的影响

为研究日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,选280只麻黄商品肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,采用天康三黄肉鸡料（料号610s和613s）作为基础日粮,试验组各组柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.25%、0.5%、1%,试验期为5周。结果表明,0.5%的柠檬酸添加组,鸡增重最快,比对照组提高4%（P〉0.05）,添加0.25%、0.5%的柠檬酸鸡的饲料报酬最高,比对照组提高3.4%（P〉0.05）、4.1%（P〉0.05）。从试验结果,添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有影响,其中添加0.5%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高（P〈0.05）,Ca.P的消化率试验组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论,肉鸡日粮添加0.5%柠檬酸对其生长有一定促进作用。     

壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

试验选择1日龄、体重42.8±2.6g的AA雄性肉仔鸡294只,随机分成7个日粮处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复7只鸡,试验期为42d。7种日粮是在基础日粮中分别添加0.00%(对照组)、0.02%、0.05%、0.10%、0.30%、0.50%壳聚糖和50mg/kg金霉素配制而成。结果表明:日粮各处理组对肉仔鸡盲肠内容物中总需氧菌无显著影响;大肠杆菌在14和42日龄时也未显示出显著的组间差异,而在28日龄时组间差异趋于显著(P=0.121),添加壳聚糖的各处理组均不同程度地低于对照组,其中以0.05%壳聚糖组最低;乳酸菌在14日龄时无显著的组间差异,在28日龄时,添加壳聚糖的各处理组相对于对照组均有不同程度的升高趋势,尤以0.05%壳聚糖组最高,而金霉素组则极显著低于0.05%～0.50%壳聚糖组(P=0.008),在42日龄时,乳酸菌的组间无显著差异(P=0.201),但变化趋势与28日龄时类似。可见,添加适宜剂量的壳聚糖可在一定程度上改善肉仔鸡的肠道微生态环境。     

小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验用 6 0 0只爱拔益加肉仔鸡 ,研究了在小麦部分或全部取代玉米配制的日粮中 ,添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡的生产性能和养分消化率的影响。试验结果表明 :小麦全部取代玉米后 ,肉仔鸡的小肠食糜粘度、耗料增重比和死淘率显著升高 ,蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率及能量的利用率均降低 ;在小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶后 ,耗料增重比和小肠食糜粘度显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,死淘率降低 71.9% ,能量利用率和蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,改善了肉仔鸡的生产性能 ,达到甚至超过玉米日粮的饲喂效果。小麦取代玉米用量的 5 0 %后 ,除小肠食糜粘度显著升高外 ,其余指标与玉米日粮的无显著差异。在小麦和玉米各半的日粮中添加木聚糖酶后 ,只有食糜粘度显著降低 ,其余指标无明显改善。     

中草药制剂对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组50只,即中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、化学药物组和空白对照组,分别隔离饲养。在2周龄和4周龄时测定肠道中厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量。结果:2周龄时,中药高剂量组鸡肠道内每克内容物中大肠杆菌数为1.82×107个,厌氧菌数为4.43×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为1.62×107个,厌氧菌数为2.17×108个;4周龄时中药高剂量组大肠杆菌菌数为1.57×107个,厌氧菌数为1.94×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为3.51×107个,厌氧菌数为1.16×108个。结论:中草药替代化学药物预防肉仔鸡的肠道传染病是可行的。     

小黑麦日粮饲喂肉仔鸡效果的研究

本试验以常规日粮为基础，按１５％、２５％两个梯度添加小黑麦配制日粮饲喂肉仔鸡，对其饲养效果进行了比较试验，结果表明：２５％组与常规日粮组具有相同的饲养效果，１５％组虽稍差于常规日粮组，但无显著差异。因此，小黑麦用作肉仔鸡饲料原料是可行的。     

乳酸菌固体发酵制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和盲肠菌群的影响

本试验研究日粮中添加不同水平的同源乳酸杆菌固体发酵制剂对肉仔鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响并确定该菌种的适宜添加量。选用1日龄健康肉仔公雏300只随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.01%黄霉素;Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组为乳酸菌制剂组,分别饲喂基础日粮+0.05%草乳杆菌制剂、基础日粮+0.2%草乳杆菌制剂和基础日粮+1.0%草乳杆菌制剂,试验期为4周。结果表明,日粮中添加1.0%乳酸菌制剂能显著提高1～4周龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料肉比,且差异显著(P0.05);与Ⅱ组相比,添加1.0%乳酸菌制剂能显著增加盲肠内乳酸菌的数量(P0.05),有效抑制盲肠内大肠杆菌的繁殖(P0.05)。     

日粮中添加延胡索酸对肉仔鸡增重与屠宰性能的影响

选用300羽1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组设置4个重复,每个重复25羽鸡。一组饲喂基础日粮作为对照组,另两组在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%延胡索酸作为试验组。试验分两个阶段,前期1～21日龄,后期22～42日龄,每个阶段始末称重。结果表明,肉鸡日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%延胡索酸不同程度地改善肉鸡各阶段的体增重、料肉比和成活率,但对肉鸡屠宰性能没有显著影响。综合指标来看,肉仔鸡日粮添加0.2%延胡索酸的作用效果最佳。     

日粮中添加蜂胶对肉仔鸡的增重效果

1蜂胶的营养成分 蜂胶是养蜂业的一种副产品,它是由蜜蜂从植物的芽胞、树皮或基于伤口处采集来的一种粘稠性分泌物(树脂与部分蜂蜡、花粉的混合物).据有关资料报道,从蜂胶中可分离出20余种黄酮化合物和其它具有生物活性的有机化合物,蜂胶中还含有镉、铁、硅、锰、镁、铝、铜、钾、钡、锌、铅等畜禽所需的微量元素.     

饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠菌群结构及主要菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群结构和主要菌群数量的影响。采用单因素完全随机化设计,选用300只1日龄爱拔益加肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。5组肉仔鸡分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.5、1.5、2.5和5.0 g/kg菊糖的试验饲粮。试验期为6周。采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)和定量PCR(q PCR)技术对42日龄肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群结构及主要菌群数量进行测定。结果表明:1)饲粮菊糖添加水平对肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠菌群丰富度、盲肠菌群香农指数以及直肠菌群均匀度均无显著影响(P0.05),但显著降低了盲肠菌群均匀度和直肠菌群香农指数(P0.05)。PCRDGGE图谱上部分优势条带序列分析表明,饲粮添加菊糖促进了肉仔鸡盲肠和直肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)中产粪甾醇真细菌(Eubacterium coprostanoligenes)、肠单胞球菌(Intestinimonas sp.)和盲肠肠球菌(Enterococcus cecorum)等细菌的增殖。2)饲粮菊糖添加水平显著影响了肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠总细菌和大肠杆菌数量(P0.05)。二次曲线分析显示,当菊糖添加水平分别为2.71和2.66 g/kg时,盲肠总细菌和大肠杆菌数量最少;与对照组相比,饲粮添加1.5、2.5、5.0 g/kg菊糖显著降低了盲肠乳酸菌数量(P0.05),饲粮添加0.5 g/kg菊糖显著增加了直肠乳酸菌数量(P0.05);饲粮添加5.0 g/kg菊糖时肉仔鸡盲肠、直肠双歧杆菌数量及直肠产气荚膜梭菌数量均为最高,且与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,有利于改善肉仔鸡肠道菌群结构和促进有益菌增殖的菊糖添加水平为2.5~5.0 g/kg。     

黑曲霉液体发酵产植酸酶条件的研究

试验以黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)30132为材料,研究了碳源、氮源、培养基、起始pH值、接种量、温度对该菌株产植酸酶活力的影响。结果表明:黑曲霉30132的最适发酵温度为28℃,产酶pH值为5,最佳接种量为10%;在此条件下,以8%麸皮为碳源、0.5%硫酸铵为氮源时,产酶活力最高,发酵3d后发酵液中植酸酶活力高达35.5U/ml。     

黑曲霉固态发酵制备大豆肽发酵条件的研究

<正>近年来大豆肽的营养及其功能性质在国内外引起了广泛的兴趣。现代研究发现,许多小分子量肽在经人体消化道时不被水解,可直接被人体吸收利用,具有降血压和降胆固醇的功能,能消除疲劳,使肌肉变得结实有力。     

黄连素对灰绿曲霉、黑曲霉的抑菌活性研究

用浓度为0.5 mgml、1.0 mgml、2.0 mgml、4.0 mgml和8.0 mgml的黄连素药液制成相应的药敏片,检测黄连素对灰绿曲霉、黑曲霉的抑菌活性,并与制霉菌素进行比较.结果黄连素和制霉菌素对灰绿曲霉、黑曲霉均有抑菌活性,且随着浓度的增加其活性明显加强;相同浓度的黄连素对黑曲霉的抑菌活性强于灰绿曲霉(P<0.01),相同活力单位的制霉菌素对灰绿曲霉的抑菌活性(9.0 万u ml组除外)强于黑曲霉(P<0.01);浓度为8.0 mgml的黄连素对灰绿曲霉中敏,对黑曲霉高敏(P<0.01).     

Effects of citric acid and microbial phytase on amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens

1. Two experiments with growing chickens were carried out to study the effects of the inclusion of a microbial phytase (Natuphos 5000) and citric acid (CA) in maize-soybean-based diets on the performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA). In both experiments the diets were formulated to contain the same amounts of energy and protein. 2. In the first experiment, data were analysed as a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of available phosphorus (AP) from one day to 3 weeks of age (3.5 and 2.2 g/kg) and for 3 to 6 weeks (2.7 and 1.4 g/kg), and two inclusions of commercial phytase (0 and 500 FTU/kg) in each period. The AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA were not modified by the AP content of the diet. Addition of phytase improved the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA only at low AP levels. 3. In the second experiment, data were analysed as a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with three concentrations of citric acid (0, 20 and 50 g/kg) and two inclusions of commercial phytase (0 and 750 FTU/kg). Diets were formulated with deficient contents of AP (2.5 g/kg). Performance was not affected by commercial phytase addition. The addition of CA reduced the weight gain but did not modify the feed intake and gain:feed. In general, the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA were not affected by CA addition. Commercial phytase increased the apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein but had no effect on AID of dispensable and indispensable AA. 4. In conclusion, the present work showed that microbial phytase enhanced AA digestibility in maize-soy-based diet only at very low AP concentrations, and that CA had no affect on the AID of CP and dispensable and indispensable AA. No synergism between CA and microbial phytase was detected.     

Effect of dietary copper on litter microbial population and broiler performance

Proprietary broiler diets, containing added copper (125 mg/kg) as sulphate, were fed to broilers in 4 trials (32 pens each) over a one year period without a change of litter. Mould counts in the litter of pens containing birds fed the standard diets decreased to 2 X 10(3) propagules per g in trial 4. Those in the pens with birds fed the diets containing supplemental copper decreased to 6 X 10(2) propagules per g. Litter bacterial counts (10(7) organisms/g) were not affected by dietary copper. Litter copper concentrations in pens where the birds were fed supplemented diets increased significantly to more than 600 mg/kg in trial 4. Dietary copper sulphate addition significantly increased broiler weight gains at 7 weeks in trials 3 and 4 (P less than 0.05) and the efficiency of food utilisation was significantly improved in trial 4. The copper content of the chicks' livers remained unchanged. It is suggested that broiler performance may be independent of dietary copper content. Litter copper concentrations and litter microbial alterations may be important factors.     

黑曲霉酶解提取葛根黄酮的研究

试验以产高活性纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶的黑曲霉ANO2鲜曲对葛根进行酶解处理,然后对葛根进行常规提取,测定其有效成分黄酮的提取量,并与未加黑曲霉组进行了对比分析。结果表明:葛根黄酮的提取量提高21.1%,经t检验分析,加黑曲霉前后提取量均数差异极显著(P<0.01)。对酶解条件进行了优化,确定黑曲霉酶解法提取葛根的最佳条件为:最佳温度40℃、pH值4.0、酶解作用时间6h、加黑曲霉量为6%。研究表明,在最佳酶解条件下,黑曲霉ANO2鲜曲能显著提高葛根有效成分的释放提取。     

The effect of microbial phytase on ileal phosphorus and amino acid digestibility in the broiler chicken

1. The study aimed to assess the effect of a commercially available microbial phytase on phytate phosphorus and total phosphorus content at the terminal ileum as well as true ileal amino acid digestibility. 2. Five diets, each containing a different plant-based feedstuff, were supplemented with microbial phytase and fed, along with a non-supplemented corresponding diet, to 28-d-old broiler chickens, Chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. Ileal contents were collected and analysed, along with the diets, for total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus and amino acids. 3. Endogenous phosphorus determined at the terminal ileum was 272 +/- 108 mg/kg food dry matter (mean +/- SE). Endogenous ileal amino acid flows ranged from 58 +/- 10 mg/kg food dry matter for methionine to 568 +/- 47 mg/kg food dry matter for glutamic acid. 4. Supplementation with microbial phytase resulted in a significantly greater phytate P disappearance from the terminal ileum for rice bran (17% units), but not for soyabean meal, maize, wheat or rapeseed meal. Similarly total phosphorus digestibility was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when microbial phytase was added to the rice-bran-based diet but not for any of the other feedstuffs. 5. Amino acid digestibility was significantly greater in the presence of microbial phytase for all the amino acids examined in wheat, for several of the amino acids each in maize and rapeseed meal and for one amino acid in rice bran and soyabean meal. The average increase in amino acid digestibility for those amino acids affected, was 13, 6, 10, 7 and 12% units for wheat, maize, rapeseed meal, rice bran and soyabean meal, respectively. 6. It appears that microbial phytase improves phosphorus digestibility and amino acid digestibility for certain plant-based feedstuffs.     

Small intestinal digestibility of microbial and endogenous amino acids in dairy cows

The small intestinal digestibility of microbial amino acids and the apparent re-absorption of endogenous amino acids were estimated in three ruminal, duodenal and ileal fistulated lactating dairy cows. The cows were assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square and fed diets low in amino acids, composed of straw, starch, molasses and urea. The treatments were three straw to concentrate ratios. The digestibilities and re-absorptions were estimated from duodenal and ileal flows of amino acids from feed, microbial and endogenous sources. The duodenal distribution of amino acids between different origins was determined by the difference method and by the amino acid profile method. The ileal distribution was estimated by a simple method where the feed fraction was estimated by the mobile bag method, the endogenous fraction as the water soluble fraction and the microbial fraction as the rest. In ileal samples, 8.0 ± 1.1, 52.2 ± 2.9 and 39.8 ± 2.6% of total amino acid nitrogen (AAN) were of feed, microbial and endogenous origin, respectively, compared with 5.1 ± 0.9, 61.6 ± 6.6 and 32.7 ± 6.9% in duodenal samples. The small intestinal digestibility of microbial AAN was estimated to be 75.1 ± 1.8% and the apparent re-absorption of endogenous AAN to be 62.3 ± 11.1%.     

Dietary effects of commercial probiotics on growth performance,digestibility, and intestinal morphometry of broiler chickens

This study compared five commercially available probiotics vis-à-vis antibiotic growth promotant (AGP) supplementation and absence of feed additive based on efficiency, intestinal morphometry, and energy digestibility in improving broiler chicken production. A total of 630 straight run (Cobb) day-old broiler chicks were distributed to seven treatments following a completely randomized design, with ten replicates per treatment and nine birds per replicate per cage. Dietary treatments consisted of basal diet in combination with the following: without probiotics and AGP supplementation (treatment 1); 75 ppm each of chlorotetracycline (CTC) and Zn bacitracin (treatment 2); probiotic A, Bacillus subtilis (treatment 3); probiotic B, Bacillus subtilis (treatment 4); probiotic C, Enterococcus faecium (treatment 5); and probiotic D, Bacillus subtilis (treatment 6); probiotic E, Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium spp., Pediococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. (treatment 7). At day 42, energy digestibility was determined by fasting three randomly selected birds from each treatment for 12 h and then subjecting them to their corresponding dietary treatments. Excreta were collected and pooled after 24 h of feeding. Pooled excreta were weighed, oven-dried, and subjected to energy analyses after 3-day collection. Apparent total tract metabolizable energy was then computed. At day 47, three birds were randomly selected per treatment for intestinal morphometry (villi height and crypt depth) of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Dietary supplementation using probiotics showed no significant effect on overall body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing percentage, mortality, harvest recovery, carcass quality parameters (e.g., meat to bone ratio and abdominal fat content), intestinal morphometry, and energy digestibility. Birds under treatment 7 (basal feed + probiotic E) generated the highest income over feed and chick cost.