来源不同的恢复系对滇Ⅰ型不育系恢复力的探讨

通过调查云南农业大学自育的恢复系南34和分别从上海、辽宁引进的恢复系沪R 378、C418与9个滇Ⅰ型不育系杂交共27个杂种F1的育性,以比较三个恢复系对滇Ⅰ型不育系的恢复力.结果表明:恢复系南34对滇Ⅰ型不育系恢复力强.可在生产上广泛应用;沪R378和C418对滇Ⅰ型不育系具有一定的恢复能力,在生产上可有选择的使用,组配的杂种F1应进行生态适应性和抗性鉴定后,才能应用于生产.     

高原耐瘠杂交粳稻滇杂35的选育与应用研究

滇型杂交粳稻滇杂35是云南农业大学稻作研究所用育性稳定的滇Ⅰ型不育系合系42．5A和优质恢复系南34组配育成。该组合杂种优势强、稳产高产、抗稻瘟病性强、耐瘠薄,适应性广,于2006年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。文中介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术。     

滇型杂交粳稻新组合滇杂40的选育及应用

滇杂40系云南农业大学稻作研究所用育性稳定的滇Ⅰ型抗病不育系楚粳23 A与抗病优质恢复系南34组配成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。该组合杂种优势强、高产稳产、稻瘟病抗性强、适应性广。于2009年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:滇审稻2009001)。文中介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术。     

抗病优质滇型恢复系南34的选育及应用

南34是应用籼粳杂交经系统选育成的偏粳抗病优质滇型恢复系.配制的杂交组合杂交优势强、恢复度高、抗病、制种产量高.与滇型三系不育系已配制出系列组合,已通过云南省品种审定委员会审定的组合有滇杂31和滇杂32.     

滇型杂交粳稻滇杂36的选育与应用

滇杂36由云南农业大学稻作研究所用育性稳定的滇Ⅰ型不育系合系42-7 A和恢复系南36组配成的三系杂交粳稻新组合.该组合具有:该组合杂种优势强、穗大粒多、高产稳产、稻瘟病抗性强、适应性广.于2006年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

优质抗病高原杂交粳稻滇杂31的选育与应用研究

滇型杂交粳稻滇杂3l是用育性稳定的滇I型不育系榆密15A和优质抗病恢复系南34组配育成，具有杂种优势强、丰产性好、高抗稻瘟病、米质优、适应性广的特点，2002年7月通过云南省农作物品种审定。介绍了该组合的选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术。     

滇Ⅰ型粳稻不育系花粉败育状况分类研究

对供试的114个滇I型粳稻不育系花粉镜检，结果表明：滇I型不育系的大部分材料中均有染败花粉粒，但染败花粉粒所占比率因保持系来源的不同而有差异。其中有23份材料的花粉粒全部为圆败和碘败，这些材料以圈败花粉粒所占的比率较大，圆败花粉率占50％以上的有16份，占无染败花粉材料的69．56％，滇I型不育系中未发现全部为碘败花粉的材料。用败育程度较高(花粉粒全部为圆败和碘败)的不育系材料分别与南29和南34测交，杂交组合育性均可恢复，南29和南34对败育程度较高的滇I型不育系仍具有恢复力。     

滇型杂交水稻恢复系Rf1基因功能丢失现象及其突变体特性鉴定

本研究通过对优质丰产滇型杂交粳稻‘滇禾优34’杂种F1群体中不育株进行分类调查,结合骨干恢复系‘南34’及其Rf1恢复基因功能丢失突变体基本农艺性状和生物信息学分析,初步探明恢复系恢复基因功能丢失的现象和成因。结果表明,‘南34’的自然突变致使恢复基因Rf1功能丧失是导致‘滇禾优34’杂种F1群体出现不育株(两年占比分别为0.26%和0.79%)的主要因素;‘南34’野生型的结实率相对于其突变体无明显差异,在花粉育性、株高、穗长、粒长性状上野生型略高于突变体,在粒宽性状上突变体略大于野生型。通过克隆恢复系‘南34’野生型及突变体的Rf1位点,测序比对后发现在其ORF区域突变体相对于野生型缺失一段长为574 bp的序列,使其无法编码一些PPR蛋白,该序列的缺失可能导致恢复功能丧失。该研究结果为水稻三系育种和应用中恢复基因遗传变异机制的解析奠定理论基础。     

优质抗病杂交粳稻滇杂31不同海拔适宜栽插密度初探

滇杂31是云南农业大学稻作研究所用育性稳定的滇Ⅰ型不育系榆密15A和优质抗病的恢复系南34组配育成的,2002年通过云南省农作物品种审定.该组合表现出杂种优势强、稳产高产、抗病性强、米质优、食味好、适应性广等特点.为加快滇杂31的推广应用,更好地发挥其优良种性,在云南温暖粳稻区(粳稻面积30万hm2左右,占全省粳稻面积的58%,海拔1450～1850m)和云南温凉粳稻区(粳稻面积18万hm2左右,占全省粳稻面积的35%,海拔1850～2200m)进行滇杂31栽插密度试验,为大面积推广提供科学的栽培依据.     

滇型杂交水稻亲本与杂交后代的性状遗传相关分析

选用7种不同细胞质源滇型不育系与滇一型保持系及恢复系各5个材料进行杂交,对70个杂交组合的剑叶穗颈夹角、剑叶长宽比、株高、穗长及穗总粒数这5个性状进行分析。试验结果表明,滇型杂交水稻在剑叶长宽比、株高、穗长及穗总粒数等性状的表现主要受不育系母本的影响,在组配滇型杂交稻时考虑不育系多项农艺性状的表现显得尤为重要。     

滇型水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf-D1（t）的克隆与遗传特性分析

CMS/Rf测交F1结实率与花粉可育率检测表明,Ansanbyeo和南34对三种不同细胞质来源的粳稻不育系(CMS-DT1,CMS-BT和CMS-HL)都有较强的恢复力。根据已公布的水稻基因组序列,在水稻恢复基因定位区段内设计引物,确定出一对与两个滇型CMS的恢复系Ansanbyeo和南34恢复基因紧密连锁的分子标记引物M43804和M43558,首次克隆了滇型恢复基因Rf-D1(t),编码16个PPR蛋白。序列比对表明,该基因与BT型恢复基因Rf-1相似度达99%,两个恢复基因之间在ORF区仅存在一个碱基差异,即Rf-D1(t)第1149bp位的A变成Rf-1的C,并产生一个氨基酸的改编即K(赖氨酸)变成N(天冬酰胺)。该差异处于一个PPR结构域中,暗示该氨基酸是恢复基因的关键位点之一,它的改变可能影响对水稻CMS育性恢复力的变化。     

Selection and genetic improvement of pollen fertility restorer lines with Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm in common wheat

The paper summarizes the selection and improvement of pollen fertility restoration in cytoplasmic male-sterile lines during the past 30 years at Jiangsu Province, China. A fertility restorer line (R16) with a good history of strong and stable restoring ability to different sterile lines was bred by accumulating fertility-restoring genes from derivatives of T797 and other restorer lines such as Primepi. A series of well-performing restorer lines with similar fertility-restoring ability has been bred by improving agronomic characters, disease-resistance and kernel size of R16. The restoring ability of these restorer lines using different male-sterile lines demonstrates that fertility restoration is no longer an obstacle for commercial utilization of hybrid wheat with the Triticum timopheeviii cytoplasmic male-sterile system. Line 2114 is a restorer with a single restoring gene transferred from Aegilops umbellulata. Its restoring ability, using both difficult and easily restored lines was 82% and 93.3% respectively. Maiyou No. 5, one hybrid variety, showed 13.2% yield advantage over the control variety in the Jiangsu Province registration test in 1997-1998 and was superior to nine other varieties adapted to the Jiangsu Province.     

小麦K、V型胞质雄性不育系F2群体育性分离多态性

利用４个不育系与７个恢复系对Ｋ、Ｖ型不育系育性恢复遗传进行了分析。结果表明,Ｆ１育性恢复表现为显性遗传,Ｆ２群本育性分离呈现多态性。Ｋ８３（２１）３５Ａ、Ｋ１４９Ａ、Ｖ１４９Ａ三个不育系的育性恢复均受两对基因控制,Ｖ８３（２１）３５Ａ的育性恢复所需基因数目在不同遗传背景中不同,同一恢复系在Ｋ８３（２１）３５Ａ和Ｖ８３（２１）３５Ａ两种不同遗传背景中表现不同的育性分离。分析Ｆ２育性分离多态性的原因。     

小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因的遗传分析

选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,与恢复系豫麦2号和豫麦49组配了不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系三种回交群体,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析。结果表明,不同恢复力的恢复系携带的恢复基因对数不同,恢复力较强的豫麦2号携带2对主效基因,恢复力较低的豫麦49仅携带1对主效基因。此外,还有微效基因对育性恢复起作用,这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系（保持系）中。在K型细胞质背景下,不携带恢复基因的雄配子的传递率很低,而雌配子传递正常。     

棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的定位及分子标记辅助育种研究进展

棉花细胞质雄性不育系统在实现棉花杂交种子大规模生产和培育高产、优质、抗逆等棉花新品种中具有重要的应用价值,而恢复系的好坏对细胞质雄性不育系杂交种的选育的利用起着举足轻重的作用。因此,培育优良恢复系至关重要。主要介绍了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、恢复系的类型,综述了棉花细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的遗传方式和遗传定位研究进展,讨论了恢复基因的精细定位和分子标记鉴定在分子标记辅助育种中的意义和应用前景,并针对目前存在的问题提出相应对策。     

一个位于水稻Rf-1基因的InDel标记遗传分离对海拔和细胞质的响应

水稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因仪存在于适于热带亚热带气候条件的野生稻和籼稻中,不存在适于气候冷凉广泛生长在温带气候条件的粳稻种质资源中.为研究恢复基因与温度适应性的关系,选用来自云南2650 m高海拔的地方粳稻老品种小麻谷(基因型为 rf/rf)与具有籼稻细胞质背景的杂交粳稻恢复系南34(基因型为Rf/Rf)进行正反交...     

Influence of water availability on fertility restoration of CMS lines with the 'M35', A4 and '9E' CMS-inducing cytoplasms of sorghum

Male fertility restoration in new types of sorghum cytoplasmic male sterility‐inducing cytoplasms (A4, ‘9E’, ‘M35’), characterized by the formation of non‐dehiscent anthers, is difficult. Lines with fertility‐restorer genes for these unique cytoplasms do occur, but rarely, and when found tend to be unstable in their inheritance and expression. The aim of this research was to explore reasons for this instability. Seven lines in three unique cytoplasms, ‘9E’, A4 and ‘M35’, and six lines that restore with these cytoplasms were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute for South‐East Region in Saratov, Russia from 1993 to 2004. Levels of male fertility restoration and various environmental factors were recorded. It is reported that for sorghum hybrids in the A4, ‘9E’ and ‘M35’ male‐sterile cytoplasms, the level of plant male fertility is determined by the level of water available to plants during anther and pollen formation that which ‘switches on’ the expression of fertility‐restoring genes, and is possibly involved in an unusual type of male fertility inheritance in these cytoplasms. The creation of reliable line‐fertility restorers capable of the restoration of male fertility of F₁ hybrids in ‘M35’ cytoplasm under conditions of water stress is also reported. Current research explore mechanisms involved possible in responses to water levels at various growth stages and their influence on fertility within these cytoplasms.     

Combining ability of non‐adapted sources for male‐fertility restoration in Pampa CMS of hybrid rye*

Hybrid rye breeding and seed production relies on the cytoplasmic male sterility‐inducing Pampa (P)‐Cytoplasm. High levels of restoration were recently found in non‐adapted rye accessions from Argentina (Pico Gentario, Pastoreo Massaux) and Iran (IRAN IX). To analyse their relative superiority, five seed‐parent lines in P cytoplasm were crossed with five inbred lines of these sources and four adapted restorer lines. The 45 F1 hybrids were tested for male‐fertility restoration in three locations. Significant (P = 0.01) general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA respectively) for male‐fertility restoration were found. The non‐adapted restorer lines were able to restore all seed‐parent lines similarly, resulting in hybrids with 55‐90% pollen shedding (mean 78%) compared with 2‐74% pollen shedding (mean 44%) when adapted restorer lines were used. Significant (P = 0.05) SCA effects were detected in 11 of 45 combinations, nine of them were crosses with adapted pollinator lines. Non‐adapted restorer lines showed a high phenotypic stability of male‐fertility restoration across locations. Introgression of these exotic sources into the adapted restorer gene pool by repeated backcrossing should result in environmentally stable male fertility in Pampa‐based rye hybrids.     

粳稻恢复系宁恢3-2育性恢复

两套粳稻雄性不育系(A)及其保持系(B)分别与宁恢3-2(R)杂交、回交、自交、获得两个组合的 F_1(A/R)、B_2(A//A/R)、B_2′(A//B/R)、F_2和 F_3,以花粉育性和种子育性作为恢复度指标,研究宁恢3-2育性恢复力的遗传。 结果表明,BT 六千辛 A 和 L 平壤3号 A的花粉以染败为主,在光学显微镜下不易区分分离世代植株中可育和不育花粉,故不宜用花粉育性作为恢复度指标进行遗传分析。以种子育性为指标,发现两个不育系是配子体不育类型,宁恢3-2对它们的育性恢复力是由一对显性恢复基因控制的。     

Inheritance of root traits and phosphorus uptake in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under limited soil phosphorus supply

Heterosis is an important way to improve yield and quality for many crops. Hybrid rice and hybrid maize contributed to enhanced productivity which is essential to supply enough food for the increasing world population. The success of hybrid rice in China has led to a continuous interest in hybrid wheat, even when most research on hybrid wheat has been discontinued in other countries for various reasons including low heterosis and high seed production costs. The Timopheevii cytoplasmic male sterile system is ideal for producing hybrid wheat seeds when fertility restoration lines with strong fertility restoration ability are available. To develop PCR-based molecular markers for use in marker-assisted selection of fertility restorer lines, two F₂ populations derived from crosses R18/ND36 and R9034/ND36 were used to map fertility restoration genes in the two elite fertility restorer lines (R-lines) R18 and R9034. Over 678 SSR markers were analyzed, and markers closely linked to fertility restoration genes were identified. Using SSR markers, a major fertility restoration gene, Rf3, was located on the 1B chromosome in both populations. This gene was partially dominant in conferring fertility restoration in the two restorer lines. SSR markers Xbarc207, Xgwm131, and Xbarc61 are close to this gene. These markers may be useful in marker-assisted selection of new restorer lines with T. timopheevii cytoplasm. Two minor QTL conferring fertility restoration were also identified on chromosomes 5A (in R18) and 7D (in R9034) in two R-lines.