水、土环境变化下消落区生态环境问题研究

三峡水库投入使用后，在库区两岸形成周期性变化的水陆交错地带即消落区。通过调查消落区的类型、分布、面积等基本情况，从消落区水、土相互作用角度，分析了消落区在水、土交互作用下对水、陆生态系统的影响，提出了利用生物缓冲带等技术来建立消落区生态保护的措施。     

Study on Treatment and Utilization of Industrial Solid Wastes after Completion of Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River

After completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River, protecting and improving the ecological environment of this area is becoming increasingly important factor in comprehensive progress of the economy and society of Chongqing City. The industrial solid wastes are one of the crucial factors influencing the environment quality of Three Gorges Area and they are also the hot and difficult problems influencing the development of economy and society of Chongqing City. At this point, firstly, the discharge, present situation, prospect and development of treatment and utilization of industrial wastes in Chongqing are summarized. Secondly, the experience at home and abroad are analyzed. Then, the way and foreground for recycling the wastes with new technology are also discussed. Finally, countermeasure for treatment and utilization of industrial solid wastes after completion of Three Gorges Reservoir at Yangtze River is brought up. The study on treatment and utilization technology of industrial solid wastes will be beneficial not only to the protection of ecological environment of Three Gorges Area, but to the development of new Chongqing City as well. In a word, it will have great environmental, social and economic benefits.     

三峡库区次级河流污染现状与对策研究

沉水植物金鱼藻和黑藻在治理三峡库区次级河流水体污染具有广阔前景,对保护三峡水库的水环境贡献很大,在库区水体中可以发挥强大的环境生态功能。本文通过分析三峡库区次级河流的环境问题,预测了金鱼藻和黑藻在库区的应用前景,即防止水体富营养化、有机物污染、重金属污染、抑制藻类生长,以及维持生物多样性、生态完整性和稳定性。     

Applicationg of Ultraviolet Spectrophometry to Determination of Total Nitrogen in the Three Gorges Reservior

The eutrophication of water body will destroy the balance of ecological environment.To determine the total nitrogen content in water body exactly,is one of the most important evaluating indicators that whether the water body has been polluted by eutrophication or not.After the foundation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current velocity lowers and it may result in the eutrophication of water body.In terms of the Lambert-Beer Law,the authors adopt potassium sulpersulphate oxidation-ultraviolet spectrophotometry to determine the total nitrogen content in the Three Gorges Reservoir.By analyzing a variety of possible factors,they bring forward a method to determine the total nitrogen which can be used in lab and also have high performance.With this improved method,the authors determine the factual water samples of the Three Gorges Reservoir in the main urban area of Chongqing,and the result is that the total nitrogen content is(0.6~1.0) mg/L,less than the limiting value(2.0 mg/L) in national standard.So the water body of the Three Gorges Reservoir still eutrophication does not take place.So eutrophication does not take place in water body of the Three(Gorges) Reservior.     

Ecological Restoration Planning and Design of Campus River:a Case study of the Qiusuo Brook in China Three Gorges University

In view of the seriously-polluted water and broken eco-waterscapes in the Qiusuo Brook on campus of China Three Gorges University,this paper proposed the ecological restoration concept and mode of campus river according to field investigation and monitoring results,i.e. "reduce exogenous pollution—restore sediment microorganism—build intensified plant filter strip—build river water ecosystem and optimize landscapes—maintain ecological river course".In addition to introducing the design concept and principle of this mode,this paper specified the concrete projects such as sewage interception and water supplement,restoration of sediment microorganism,restoration of water plants,ecological restoration of embankment etc.,and also gave planar layouts and sketches of some projects,in order to provide references for the researches and practices of campus river ecological restoration in China Three Gorges University and other similar projects.     

水生植物在水生态修复中的研究进展

水生植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,在物质循环和能量传递方面起调控作用。水生植物在水生态修复中的作用方式主要包括物理过程、吸收作用、协同作用和化感作用,整个生态修复过程与光照、温度和营养盐浓度等环境因素密切相关。本文综述了水生植物对水生态系统的修复过程及作用方式,在水生植物间协同作用、水生植物资源利用途径以及化感物质的作用机制等方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

Study on Economic and Ecological Environment Effects of Ecological Cropping Patterns in Small Watershed

在三峡库区典型紫色土坡耕地,设置了四种生态种植模式,进行经济和生态环境效应的研究。结果表明：投入产出比,梨×连翘/花生＞桃×连翘/花生＞桃/花生＞梨/花生＞CK,其中梨×连翘/花生与桃×连翘/花生模式分别比对照提高69.9%和65.5%,;影响果树冠幅的主要因子是土层厚度、坡位与种植模式;套种连翘的二种模式须根量明显比其它模式高,树种根系分布特征、种植密度和土层厚度是影响须根量的主要因素;种植模式和坡位均显著影响土壤孔隙度的发育,各种植模式的土壤孔隙度顺序：梨×连翘/花生＞桃×连翘/花生＞桃/花生＞梨/花生     

陆生和水域生态系统植物的C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究综述

生态化学计量学是一门把不同研究领域的研究结果从化学元素水平上统一起来的热点学科。笔者简单阐述了生态化学计量学的基本定义,主要通过比较陆生和水域生态系统来阐述生态化学计量学特征,讨论不同生态环境对植物的生态化学碳氮磷比(C:N:P)的影响,在大尺度范围研究植物C:N:P生态化学计量学特征与限制性养分判断、生态系统稳定性、生长率的关系。     

Discussion about the Comprehensive Harnessing the Water Environment for Yulin River Valley

With the comprehensive harnessing the Yulin River in Chongqing, the harnessing model of the secondary rivers in Three Gorges Reservoir Area is discussed. It is believed that as for the comprehensive harnessing the water environment, the valley should be considered as a unit based on the whole ecosystem in the valley and the comprehensive consideration of the factors, influencing the ecology, resources, economy is needed in planning, protecting, improving and utilizing the water environment, in order to realize the sustainable development of the water environment in the valley. Moreover, the object, principles, measures of comprehensive harnessing the water environment in the valley were given.     

周期性淹水对消落区水土环境的影响及控制对策

三峡库区消落区生态脆弱,在水土交互作用下消落区土壤母岩风化成土进度加快、土壤侵蚀加剧、土壤氮磷等营养物质及重金属大量溶出,其中N、P、COD和重金属是主要的溶出因子,淹没的耕地是主要的污染源。成库初期消落区生态脆弱性增强、水土流失加剧、地质灾难增加、岸边污染加重,尤其在水流缓慢的库湾将会出现局部的富营养化现象;随着消落区稳定的库岸湿地生态系统的形成,水土耦合呈现正的环境效应。为了尽快构建健康的消落区生态系统,防止三峡库区消落区水土环境的退化,必须加强和发挥政府宏观调控职能、建立消落区土地保护区域、推广复合生态技术并做好库区污染防治与修复工作。     

Study on the Ecological Restoration Techniques in Coal Mines——A Case Study of Mines in Huainan

Coal mining has brought serious damages to neighboring environment and ecosystem,and degradation of ecological environment has seriously influenced life of neighboring residents and sustainable development of coal industry.Destroyed ecological environment of mines in Huainan,Anhui Province was introduced in this study,ecological restoration principles,methods and procedures of mines were explored.The paper proposed that the harmonious development of economy,society and ecological environment must be considered in the ecological restoration.Combing with current situation of local mining areas,practical eco-restoration technical solutions were given by following ecological restoration principles to realize the sustainable development of mines.     

梯田农业生态系统保护的关键问题与途径──以湖南新化紫鹊界梯田为例

紫鹊界梯田生态系统是典型的南方山地生态系统,是自然人工复合生态系统。笔者主要介绍紫鹊界梯田的生态系统的系统性、稳定性和濒危性,详细阐述了紫鹊界梯田农业生态环境问题和产生的原因,明确当前防止外来物种入侵、水资源利用和保护、生态景观保护以及生态文化的传承是紫鹊界农业生态系统保护的首要关键问题。最后就当前农业生态保护及现状做了概述,并对存在的问题,提出了总体的保护思路和途径,为紫鹊界梯田农业生态环境可持续发展提供参考。     

Analysis on Influence of Gases Generated by Anaerobic Fermentation of Solid Organic Wastes to Atmosphere in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

The gases generated by anaerobic fermentation of organic solid wastes in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are CH_4,CO_2,H_2S,NH_3,H_2 and some micro-gases.Data analysis shows that in the cities and towns of Three Gorges Reservoir Area,4 380 thousand tones of garbage,3 800 thousand tones of faecal were generated each year.In landfill of the garbage in average of 290 millions kg of CH_4 was generated,also in average of 230 millions kg of CH_4 was generated from the faecal.CH_4 is a very important greenhouse gas;the proportion of its contribution to greenhouse effect is next to CO_2.Other gases only have small influence on the whole atmospheric environment.     

三峡库区消落带现状与对策研究

芦苇不但有很高的经济价值,在环境保护方面也具有广阔的应用前景.本文通过分析三峡库区消落带的生态环境问题,预测了芦苇在库区的应用前景,即可防止水土流失、水体富营养化、重金属污染、固体废弃物污染、垃圾渗漏液污染和藻类爆发等问题。同时,合理利用芦苇资源还可增加库区人们的经济收入,加快库区农村的经济建设步伐。     

基于改进MCR模型的重庆市江津区生态安全格局构建

三峡库区县域生态源地的识别和生态安全格局的构建对库区范围的生态保护具有重要的意义。以三峡库区范围的县域江津区为例,基于改进的最小累积阻力(MCR)模型和GIS空间分析技术,构建生态源地扩张最小累积阻力面和建设用地扩张最小累积阻力面,识别生态廊道、辐射通道以及生态战略节点等生态过程,构建生态安全格局。结果表明：确定了10个生态源地扩张阻力因子和9个城镇用地扩张阻力因子；江津区低水平生态安全格局面积较大,为994.71km₂,占江津区总面积的30.98%；高水平生态安全格局面积仅占江津区总面积的23.66%；识别出区域重要的生态廊道38条,生态战略节点14个；高中低三级生态安全格可以作为三峡库区县域的生态保护和城镇用地开发重要的参考依据。     

三峡库区澎溪河消落带落干期土壤硝化强度及影响因素

研究了三峡库区澎溪河落干期消落带不同地点、不同高程段、不同土地利用方式下土壤硝化强度及影响因素。结果表明,研究区域消落带硝化强度范围为0.76~9.76 mg/kg·d,平均值为3.76±0.76 mg/kg·d,明显低于国内其他研究区域土壤硝化强度。澎溪河消落带从上游汉丰湖到下游黄石,土壤硝化强度呈现递减的趋势。随着高程的增加,消落带土壤硝化强度逐渐降低,但没有显著差异（P >0.05）。消落带不同土地利用方式中,河滩地土壤硝化强度显著高于耕地土壤硝化强度（P<0.05）,是耕地土壤硝化强度的1.82倍。消落带土壤硝化强度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与有机质含量及亚硝化菌数量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,周期性的淹水影响了消落带土壤pH值和有机质含量,从而影响了消落带土壤硝化强度。     

疏勒河中游绿洲生态功能分区研究

生态功能分区是区域生态系统保护与综合管理的基础,可为区域生态系统恢复与社会经济协调发展提供科学依据。基于疏勒河中游绿洲生态环境存在主要问题的分析,确定了疏勒河中游绿洲生态功能分区目标、分区原则与依据。运用RS和GIS技术,采用定性和定量以及计算机图形空间迭置法等方法,将疏勒河中游绿洲划分为绿洲农业、荒漠戈壁、防风固沙、平原绿洲植物、盐渍化防治和平原绿洲湿地6个生态功能区和34个生态功能亚区,并对各个功能区生态服务功能、生态保护方向、生态保护以及生态功能恢复措施等特征进行了分析。研究结果对促进《敦煌水资源合理利用与生态保护综合规划》的顺利实施具有一定借鉴与参考作用,同时对促进干旱内陆河流域绿洲生态环境保护与恢复、水资源综合管理和有效配置、区域产业布局与生态经济系统协调可持续发展具有重要意义。     

Discussion on Water Environment Problems and WaterEnvironment Protection Countermeasure in Three Gorges Area

The present status of water environment in three gorges area of Yangtze River is analyzed in this paper.The importance to enhance water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges area of Yangtze River is also discussed in this paper. Some suggestions about water environment protection and ecology environment protection in Three Gorges of Yangtze River are also provided . Finally, the environment constructional targets to let clear water mirror on Three Gorges area of Yangtze River again are put forward.     

Geological Disasters and Their Damage in Three Gorges Reservoir Area

In this paper, the possible geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area are reviewed. Firstly, the types of geological disasters are classified and their influencing factors and growth characteristics are analyzed, then the damages, which have happened in this area up to now, are listed. On this basis, five aspects of dangers brought by geological disasters to society and economic environment are analyzed. Finally, a conclusion was drawn that the geological disasters in Three Gorges Reservoir Area have done some harms to this area and the situation becomes worse than before. So some reasonable measures should be taken quickly.     

Present Situation and Countermeasure of Water Pollution in Yulin River, Yubei District, Chongqing

Yulin River is the major secondary stream of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. According to the requirement of "The Prevention Plan of Water Pollution in Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Upper Areas (2001-2010)", the water environment pollution in Yulin River valley should be controlled. In this paper the reason of the water pollution is analyzed through investigation and evaluation on the present situation of Yulin River in North Chongqing area, and then a proposal on the prevention and cure measure of water pollution of Yulin River is presented.