古村落绿化美化建设探讨——以青田为例

古村落是宝贵的历史文化遗产,其绿化美化建设成为崭新的课题。笔者回顾了对近年来对古村落保护和建设的一些研究;以青田阜山乡陈宅村和方山乡龙现村2个古村落为例,分析了其绿化美化建设现状、特点及存在的问题;总结了古村落绿化美化建设的总体思路;提出了以下古村落绿化美化方法：（1）形成“外围、内部和内外通道”的布局结构;（2）按照“点、线、面”相结合的形式进行建设;（3）坚持“保护为主,新建为辅”的原则,走“继承-发展-创新”的道路。     

Reconstruction of Place Spirit in the Street Protection of Hekou Town of Qianshan

Place spirit originates from ancient Rome, and emphasizes whole fusion of objective material environment and subjective consciousness. The introduction of "place spirit" concept in protection work of old town is conducive to further understanding complex relationship between reconstruction of objective material environment and reappearance of traditional culture connotation. The street of Hekou Town of Qianshan is historical one, and its protection and planning are conducting. The street is full of rich marketplace breath and has certain feature. In this paper, started from protection status quo of Hekou Town, we preliminarily discuss how to effectively pass historical information in the protection process and maintain place spirit of old town in modern living environment.     

Study on the Inheritance of Landscape Culture in Traditional Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Liukeng Village in Lean County,Jiangxi Province

Traditional ancient village is a miniature of history, embodies landscape cultures with rich connotations. On the basis of introducing basic conditions of ancient Liukeng Village, this paper explored landscape cultural elements in the village from such perspectives of natural landscape, architecture, clan system, and Fengshui, and proposed the pertinent approaches of landscape culture inheritance respectively, namely, "integrated protection", "hierarchical protection", "live inheritance" and "rationally accepting and rejecting", by adhering to such principles as keeping natural originality, integrality, humanistic ecology, and dynamic openness.     

徽州古村落农业文化遗产活态保护模式研究

作为一种新兴的世界遗产类型,农业文化遗产的保护迫在眉睫,但具体的保护方法却极其匮乏。古徽州地区是文化遗产资源的富集区,具有文化遗产保护的优良传统,积累了丰富的遗产保护经验。徽州古村落是中国传统村落的典型代表,蕴含着极其丰富的农业文化遗产,并具有地域文化底蕴深厚、遗产资源内涵丰富、遗产品味等级高等优势。借鉴徽州文化遗产保护的经验,可以从保护遗产的文化生态空间、做好遗产的修复复活、加强遗产的活态传承、挖掘文化遗产的现代价值等方面来探索农业文化遗产的活态保护,这是非常必要而现实的。     

Characteristics and Protection Approaches of Human Settlement in Ancient Villages of Jiangxi: A Case Study of Ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village

Ancient village as a precious historical and cultural heritage of China is hailed as the "eco-museum" of classical folk cultures and "living fossil" of rural history culture. This paper elaborated human settlement characteristics of ancient Dongyuan Zengs' Village, Jinxi County from the perspectives of village environment, history evolution, village layout and village building, and explored the substantial content of village human settlement protection, and proposed specifi c approaches of protecting the human settlement, such as ancient village layout, history and culture, and provided references for protecting human settlement of the ancient villages.     

The Role of “Long Forest” Belief of the Dai Nationality in the Conservation of Forest Resources: A Case Study of Manjingchengzi Village in Xishuangbanna

The core of"Long Forest"belief of the Dai nationality is to protect natural forests and forests for conservation of water supply as the home of ancestral gods of the nation and to maintain the ecological balance by means of"Long Forest"worship,"Long Forest"taboo,the traditional customary law,and village regulation and non-governmental agreement.This paper takes Manjingchengzi Village in Xishuangbanna as an example to analyze the distribution of forest land in different periods over the past 60 years and explore the role of"Long Forest"belief in the conservation of local forest resources in a view to providing a frame of reference for regional ecological environment protection.     

村落文化传承和发展的困境、意义和重构

村落是中国传统社会的独特意蕴，是村落文化形成的基础和重要载体形式。随着城镇化建设的推进，村落文化面临文化发生断裂、文化根基动摇、文化生态格局被瓦解和村落文化传承出现危机的困境。村落文化有助于形成村落共同体意识和维护村落自治格局，助推村落共同价值观念的形成和中华传统文化的传承。重构村落文化，需要建构科学有效的管理体系，建立多元化的资金筹措机制，制定切实可行的法律法规，协调城镇化建设和村落发展的关系。传承和发展村落文化，需要处理好保护和发展的关系，在保护中提升发展的质量。     

Discussion on the Environmental Protection and Planning of Traditional Villages

Resource environment of traditional villages is an important historical and cultural heritage of China. It deserves protection but currently is faced with severe destruction resulting from unsuccessful village planning or implementation. In this paper, problems existing in the planning of traditional villages are analyzed, and countermeasures for environmental protection and planning as well as proposals for implementation are put forward.     

Symbol Expression of Allocation in Ancient Villages

On the vast land of China there are still some ancient Villages scattered, which were formed under some specific historical situations.Due to the limitations such as geographical and transport factors,these ancient villages have been little affected by the construction boom outside,keeping the original shape,architectural style and even the plain and simple customs until now.During the course of location selection and village formation, the traditional culture of the villagers has been embodied into the substantial system of the village and has become the important part of the village culture.The study on the ancient village-the prototype of city inhabitation-will contribute to understanding the trace of city development,that is,the concept of city planning and designing transforms from the functionalism to humanism approach.It is endowed with further cultural connotation promoting the continuous development of the city. In this paper, the external form of traditional culture in the ancient villages were inquired into from four aspects:the thought of "gendu"(farming and study) culture, the idea of village defense,the concept of "lishui" culture and the notion of "fengshui" culture.     

道观园林植物景观营造初探

道观园林植物景观为道观园林景观的重要组成部分。本文在简要介绍道观园林发展史和道观园林特点的基础上,对道观常用造景植物的配置应用进行分析总结,得出道观绿化尽量使用有道教文化涵义的植物和乡土树种,与此同时也要考虑中国古典园林植物传统的配置手法和道观习惯性配置手法。     

Origin and Development of Cliff-side Buddhist Temple in Ba-Shu Area

Cliff-side Buddhist temple is the latest form of Buddhist cave temple.It is the result of a change from close cave space to open cliff-side space under the influence of Chinese civil culture and local architectural system.This article inquires the origin of the cliff-side Buddhist temple as well as its formation in Ba-Shu area considering its historical and cultural background.     

Investigation of Village Greening in the New Countryside Construction of Xinyu City,Jiangxi Province

On the basis of field investigation in 13 typical villages in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, and questionnaire survey over 45 local residents, this paper analyzed rural production and living environment, greening conditions, and villagers' consciousness about greening in the local area, and proposed 5 major principles for village greening: government plays the leading role, rural households are subjects; adopt unifi ed planning and coordinated development; choose suitable species for suitable land according to actual conditions; put ecology on the top priority, balance economic and ecological development; facilitate operation and management. In addition, the paper highlighted 5 characters in village greening, namely, cultural, ecological, practical, concise, and lifeconcerned.     

Integrated Development of the Tourism and Protection of Ancient Towns

Local color is not only the cultural counter in the competition between cities,but the main cultural element that attracts foreign tourists.In recent years,many cities have regarded tourism development as a major mean of reviving ancient towns.The excavation of local culture,material reconstruction of local characteristics,and the resurgence and"reproduction"of local industries have become an important work in the tourism development of ancient towns.Apart from the discussion of the protection,inheritance,and touristification of tangible cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage,this paper demonstrated the possibility of the integration and production capacity of local characteristic industry resources and analyzed the impact of the integrated development on the lifestyle and living atmosphere of residents in the ancient towns.In this paper,ways to realize the integrated development of the tourism and protection of ancient towns were included as follows:(1)to ensure the principal status of local residents and give full play to their initiatives;(2)to protect the local traditional way of life and improve the public service system;(3)to choose the appropriate development pattern and achieve the diversified development;(4)to improve service facilities in tourism and adjust the structure of tourism products.     

Dilemma for the Redevelopment of Village and Town Construction Land,Formation Mechanism and Policy Suggestions

Under the context of economy new normal and rapid urbanization, the shift of economic growth, structural adjustment pains as well as pre-stimulus digestion comes coincidentally. The boundary red line of urban growth, the red line of the number of basic farms and the ecology red line makes the local to conserve land. Land stock for village and town construction is a huge amount of potential resources. Redevelopment of land for village and town construction provides ensured land security for the smooth progress of urbanization. Combining village and town construction land use characteristics and making in-depth analysis of the difficulties in the redevelopment of village and town construction and its inner mechanism, policies and suggestions were proposed for the redevelopment of village and town construction land in terms of land property, land price, market allocation, planning, surveillance and so on, so as to provide valuable reference for the smooth redevelopment of village and town construction land, and the system design of villages and towns.     

中国农村耕地保护的新制度经济学研究

耕地是支撑经济社会发展的重要资源,也是农业、农村经济保持可持续发展的关键。首先阐述了中国农村耕地保护的现状及政策变迁,之后运用新制度经济学的产权理论、制度均衡理论以及制度供求博弈理论探讨了耕地保护问题,得出了建立有效的产权制度是保护耕地的关键,耕地保护制度均衡的重点在于责任的归属和利益分配,同时地方政府与用地企业在促进经济发展而占用耕地追求自身利益的同时要兼顾村集体以及农户利益的结论。并在此基础上,提出了完善土地产权制度,建立有效的制度需求反馈制度,中央政府在保证制度均衡的前提下加大监督力度,从根本上杜绝各级政府的寻租行为以及切实保障农户的利益等对策措施。另外,本研究方法和视角也在应对农村耕地日趋严重的“非农化”问题方面拓展并丰富相关领域的研究。     

Rural Revitalization Based on Smart Contraction Concept: A Case Study of Planning and Construction of Dawan Yard,Tianwan Village,Wanzhou District,Chongqing City

This paper introduces the concept of "smart contraction" and its enlightenment to the revitalization of rural areas. Taking Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, Wanzhou District, Chongqing City as an example, construction dilemmas in mountain area are analyzed, such as backward rural economy, low farmers' incomes, the loss of labor population, the decentralization of village construction land, small-scale village construction land, and the lack of technology and funds for the improvement of village living environment. Combining with the development opportunity of Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, it puts forward three planning countermeasures of "smart contraction": smart utilization of village resources, smart allocation of public service facilities and smart inheritance of village memory. We hope to provide a new way to revitalize the countryside via case analysis of Dawan Yard.     

Architectural Space and Decorative Art of Ancestral Halls in Jiangxi Province: A Case Study of the Hall of Respecting Morality

As the most important sacrificial architecture in rural China, ancestral halls are material expressions of the traditional social, cultural and artistic spirit, which contain rich historical and cultural value. Taking the Wan Clan Ancestral Hall of Sanjiang Town, Nanchang County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province for example, this study analyzed its spatial sequence, the planar shape and the facade form, and explained the connotation of "respecting law and discipline rites and advocating moral integrity" contained in the spirit of ancestral halls.     

Study on Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Clanism

"China's deep-rooted family culture and the resulting family spirit is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese society that differs from western society," said by Chinese sociologist Fei Xiaotong. German sociologist Max Weber defi nes Chinese society as "family structure society"[1]. And sociologist Fei Zhengqing believes that the villages in China are organized by families. In sociological studies, the traditional villages are divided into three types: single-clan villages with only one dominating family, main-clan villages which are mainly composed of several families, and multi-clan villages where some coequal families live together[2]. The authors believe that traditional villages are organized social communities with kinship as a link. They are products of the family system. There is a close connection between a village's family composition and its space construction. Single-clan village is an introverted spatial organization mode entirely based on kinship, ancestral hall is located in the center and the whole spatial structure grows toward it. Main-clan village is a decentralized family aggregate based on the ties of blood as well as region. And the organization of its village space depends on temples and pavilions where families enshrine and worship ancestors and gods. It owns obvious features of collage and collaboration. M ulticlan village is a collaborative and extroverted complex spatial system led by relationship of colleagues, where large public buildings are taken as the core to organize commercial activities. Its form is similar to the form of small towns. Taking sociological term "family" as the starting point and cases of national historic cultural villages including Hong Village, Zhuge Village, Zoumatang Village, Suzhuang Village and Guoyu Village into further study, this article analyses the correlation between kinship composition and spatial form of villages, tries to reveal the essential structure of traditional space of villages and to provide a new perspective on spatial study as well as basis for preservation of traditional villages.     

Research on Beijing-to-Shenyang Qing Dynasty Culture Heritage Corridor

This article brings forward the institution of a "Qing Dynasty Culture Heritage Corridor-From Beijing to Shenyang".This corridor spans more than 600 km,composes of more than 50 important historic nodes.There are 6 nodes in the world culture heritage list;12 nodes in the national cultural relic protection unit list and 18 nodes in the cultural relic protection unit list of Liaoning or Hebei Provinces.To establish and protect the "Qing Dynasty Culture Heritage Corridor-From Beijing to Shenyang" is the demand of protecting this linear cultural sight heritage1,is also the demand of constructing high effect and basic forward-looking zoology establishment,is the demand of developing cultural tour even more.Especially,this heritage protecting method like heritage corridor is not sufficiently recognized today,instituting one heritage corridor provided with characteristic of our country has important meanings.     

地形对于村落雷击概率影响模拟研究

在对中国传统村落名录收录的古村落进行保护规划时,防雷保护是其中重要的一部分。现有的村落防雷保护研究更多侧重于定性的保护方法,对不同地形条件下的村落雷击概率的定量化研究还不多。本研究基于闪电随机模拟的方法,利用Matlab对闪电路径进行模拟,并分别分析村落位于平原、山脚及山谷处的雷击概率。模拟结果显示,平原的村落雷击概率最高,当村落位于山脚时,其雷击概率要比位于平原处小;当村落位于山谷时,其雷击概率比位于山脚处更小。主要原因是：建筑物周边的高大山体对于闪电有截收效应,位于山体周边时建筑雷击概率比平原时降低。模拟结果还显示小尺寸、低高度的建筑物仍然有发生侧击的危险,在农村的防雷保护工作中需加以关注。