北京市街头绿地植物造景分析——右安街心花园

近年来北京市政府非常重视街头绿地的建设，街头绿地一方面可以改善城市小环境，另一方面可以为附近居民提供休闲场所。右安街心花园是2003年建造的一个街头绿地，其无论是在植物材料应用的种类上，还是在植物配置方面都有许多可取之处。笔者对其植物造景进行了分析，以期为今后街头绿地建设提供借鉴。     

Plant Landscape Design Language of Small Street Parks in Tropical Coastal Regions:A Case Study of Zhanjiang City

Small urban street parks play an irreplaceable role in protecting ecological environment of cities and beautifying living spaces of citizens, in these parks plant is an essential landscaping element that can not only improve environmental quality, but also provide visual enjoyment for viewers. There are many small street parks in Zhanjiang City, however, plant landscapes in such parks lack in regional characteristics because of blind copy and random planting. By analyzing plant landscapes in typical street parks in Zhanjiang, and borrowing the theoretical research framework of linguistics, this paper concluded the vocabulary, sentence,chapter and grammatical rules of plant landscape design, in order to explore new methods for the plant landscape design of small parks in tropical coastal regions.     

Investigation and Analysis of Street Greening Plants in Youjiang District,Baise City

Major greening plants in Youjiang District, Baise City were investigated, species composition and growth status of these plants were analyzed. On this basis, advantages and existing problems of street landscaping in the study area were summarized to improve landscaping level and urban environment of the city.     

许昌市街道灰尘粒度特征及其来源分析

为获得许昌市街道灰尘的粒度特征和判断其主要来源,利用Mastersizer 2000激光粒度分析仪对2012年3月采集的许昌市街道灰尘样品进行粒度分析。结果表明,许昌市街道灰尘以粉砂为主,其次是砂粒,粘粒含量最少。粒度呈三峰型尖锐曲线,第1众数为30~145μm,第2众数为4~15μm,第3众数为0.5~1μm,平均粒径在25.42~236.15μm,分选性差,负偏。许昌市街道灰尘粒度分布与现代尘暴降尘的粒度分布模式相似,说明许昌市街道灰尘沉积是风积作用的继续,即街道灰尘主要是由低空季风环流产生的粗粒粉尘和由西风环流控制细粒粉尘混合搬运的结果,同时建筑工地就地起源的粗颗粒物质导致部分样品粒径偏大,反映出建筑行为对街道灰尘的贡献。     

街头食品的安全问题与控制

介绍了街头食品的定义、街头食品畅销的6个原因,以及街头食品的危害和街头食品不安全的5个原因,并指出解决街头食品安全问题的5个途径。     

Lighting quality indicators with space sense for urban lighting environment

In order to find out a space sense indicator that can present the real appearance of human and natural in urban lighting environment, three common used indicators are studied, which are ratio of vertical illuminance to semi cylindrical illuminance, ratio of vertical illuminance to horizontal illuminance and ratio of average cylindrical illuminance to horizontal illuminance.An on site test is taken at Three Gorges Square Pedestrian Street of Chongqing. The variation law of ratio of vertical illuminance to horizontal illuminance is approximate to ratio of average cylindrical illuminance to horizontal illuminance, which varies with the changing of measure point location and reach maximum at the axial central section of pedestrian street between two streetlamps. The change of ratio of vertical illuminance to semi cylindrical illuminance is small correspondingly and it is more appropriate to be as a lighting quality indicator with space sense for urban illuminance environment.     

黄山市城区行道树结构特征分析

行道树是城市森林的重要组成部分,城市行道树结构特征的研究,有助于城市规划和建设,为正确评价城市生态系统的服务功能提供依据。本文通过对黄山市城区15条主干道路行道树的抽样调查,发现有乔木树种24种,灌木树种37种,分析行道树的组成、直径和冠幅结构及行道树物种多样性。结果表明,黄山市城区行道树组成优势种明显,直径在6~14cm的行道树占55.7%,街道之间行道树冠幅差异明显,新安北路的冠幅最大,为11.31m,天都大道冠幅最小,为2.4m,滨江中路树种多样性最大,H指数为2.6850,黄山东路树种多样性指数最小,H值为0.7498。     

杭州地区常见行道树滞尘效益研究

行道树的滞尘效益在城市绿化中有着重要的作用,为了筛选出滞尘能力强的行道树,对杭州地区实地调查及试验测定,结果表明：所选9种行道树中,冬季滞尘能力的顺序为：枫香＞黄山栾树＞鹅掌楸＞香樟＞无患子＞悬铃木＞杜英＞银杏＞乌桕;春季滞尘能力的顺序为：杜英＞香樟;夏季滞尘能力的顺序为：香樟＞杜英＞枫香＞无患子＞黄山栾树＞鹅掌楸＞悬铃木＞银杏＞乌桕;秋季各行道树的滞尘能力顺序为：黄山栾树＞无患子＞香樟＞杜英＞枫香＞银杏＞乌桕＞鹅掌楸＞悬铃木;所选9种常见的道路行道树中,一年中平均滞尘能力为：杜英＞黄山栾树＞枫香＞无患子＞香樟＞鹅掌楸＞悬铃木＞银杏＞乌桕,黄山栾树、银杏、悬铃木、无患子、枫香、鹅掌楸的四季滞尘能力从强到弱顺序均为冬季＞秋季＞夏季,杜英四季滞尘能力顺序为：春＞秋＞冬＞夏,香樟四季滞尘能力顺序为：冬＞秋＞夏＞春,乌桕四季滞尘能力顺序为：秋＞冬＞夏。     

Color Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Street Buildings:A Case Study of the Western Section of Zhongshan Road in Shenyang City

Through exploring color landscape planning and design of buildings in the western section of Zhongshan Road in Shenyang City, this paper proposed color landscape design methods adaptive to Chinese urban construction, concerning various tasks such as reasonable orientation of street building colors, effective control of street building colors, realization of regional characteristics and cultural connotations of urban colors via designs, so as to provide references and theoretical support for the future landscape design of urban streets.     

Assessing streetscape greenery with deep neural network using Google Street View

The importance of greenery in urban areas has traditionally been discussed from ecological and esthetic perspectives, as well as in public health and social science fields. The recent advancements in empirical studies were enabled by the combination of ‘big data’ of streetscapes and automated image recognition. However, the existing methods of automated image recognition for urban greenery have problems such as the confusion of green artificial objects and the excessive cost of model training. To ameliorate the drawbacks of existing methods, this study proposes to apply a patch-based semantic segmentation method for determining the green view index of certain urban areas by using Google Street View imagery and the ‘chopped picture method’. We expect that our method will contribute to expanding the scope of studies on urban greenery in various fields.     

Design of Stay Space Based on Street Renewal: A Case Study of East Guangchang Road in Nanchang

In the era of rapid development of the city, creating space where people can stop to lead a slow life is one of the ways to improve the quality of life of people. The stay space in residential streets as a place for daily activities of modern people is slow space that is usually ignored. Modern people tend to have a relatively fixed choice of the stay space on the street. This study took East Guangchang Road in Nanchang for example to analyze the factors affecting people's staying activity on the street, the type of stay space, and the existing problems, and put forward a few design suggestions.     

The untold flavour of street food: Social infrastructure as a means of everyday politics for street vendors in Bandung,Indonesia

The existing literature on street vendors has largely examined processes of marginalisation of informal enterprises amid rapid urban development. At the same time, the resistance methods of street vendors against the constraints of urban development have been extensively explored. However, these studies tend to focus on the binary position between informal and formal, as well as on the overt confrontation and conflicts between vendors and the state, which risks simplifying the heterogeneity of interests in the everyday practice of street vending. Delving into the daily work of street vendors in Bandung city, this article explores the everyday practice of traders in order to identify their subtle forms of resistance to removal and to the negative perceptions attached to them. By adopting the analytics of ‘people as infrastructure’ (Simone, 2004) and the idea of ‘building blocks of success’ for small enterprises (Turner, 2003), this article argues that social infrastructure is constituted and practiced through the construction of personal relationships and varied forms of informal economic exchange between vendors and their customers, informal organisers and neighbours, as well as through the adoption of new technology. Social infrastructures have become a means of building everyday politics for street vendors and a vital way of challenging the negative perception attached to street vending activities.     

Reconstruction of Place Spirit in the Street Protection of Hekou Town of Qianshan

Place spirit originates from ancient Rome, and emphasizes whole fusion of objective material environment and subjective consciousness. The introduction of "place spirit" concept in protection work of old town is conducive to further understanding complex relationship between reconstruction of objective material environment and reappearance of traditional culture connotation. The street of Hekou Town of Qianshan is historical one, and its protection and planning are conducting. The street is full of rich marketplace breath and has certain feature. In this paper, started from protection status quo of Hekou Town, we preliminarily discuss how to effectively pass historical information in the protection process and maintain place spirit of old town in modern living environment.     

Residents' Collective Memory of Urban Street and Lane Spaces:A Case Study of the Confucius Temple Block in Nanjing City

Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.     

Seasonal Characteristics of Thermal Environment in Urban Public Space of the Urban in Hot-summer and Cold-winter Region

Thermal environment in urban public space is considered as an important factor affecting thermal comfort of human beings. In the whole year, thermal environment in public space of the city in hot-summer and cold-winter zone changes dramatically, which has an effect on human thermal comfort. In this study, three typical public spaces including street, park and square of Changsha were selected for a long-term experiment of thermal environment. Based on the analysis of four significant thermal environment parameters-air temperature, relative humidity, global temperature and wind speed, seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in urban public space were obtained. The results show that the characteristics of urban thermal environment are determined by natural climate, while the physical structure of a city has essential impact on the changes of local outdoor thermal environment. Affected by plants (trees) and water (Xiangjiang river) air temperature of the street along the street is much lower, relative humidity is higher and solar radiation is weaker in most of the year. Compared to the street along the river, air temperature of the square is higher and solar radiation is stronger.     

The ‘street politics’ of migrant il/legality: Navigating Malaysia's urban borderscape

Immigration control constitutes a particular technique for regulating urban space and for controlling and disciplining migrant subjects within it. Unlike other manifestations of state power in exemplary urban settings, the architecture of urban immigration control is not recognisable through grand buildings or walls, but rather through its momentary presence and continuously shifting location: ad hoc identity controls in public spaces, roadblocks in neighbourhood streets or raids against workplaces. Building on fieldwork conducted in the Malaysian city of George Town, this article takes an interest in how migrants navigate this urban borderscape in order to avoid exploitation and encounters with the police. Read through Asef Bayat's notion of ‘street politics’, the article shows how migrants use the means (made) available to them in order to extend their room to manoeuvre. While such tactics are often driven by the force of necessity, they do nonetheless cumulatively encroach on the state's ability to produce migrants as (un)wanted or even (il)legal subjects in the city. Through this, migrants also challenge the very notion of what an exemplary urban space is as well as who is considered a legitimate part of it.     

Factors and Correlates of Employment Growth in the Canadian Urban System, 1971–1991

The objective of this paper is to examine a number of hypotheses concerning the factors or correlates of employment growth in the Canadian urban system—a set of 152 urban areas having populations of more than ten thousand inhabitants which comprises 77.4 percent of the national population. Do observed patterns of sectoral employment growth obey some sort of underlying logic? More specifically, do the rates of employment growth that are found in individual urban areas vary significantly according to one or more of the following attributes of an urban area: a) the region in which it is located; b) its population size; c) its relative proximity to a major metropolitan area; d) its socioeconomic characteristics? While approaches involving a, e and f yield promising results, it is clear that there are few immutable laws that permit one to predict where employment growth will occur within the urban system. Perhaps the most fundamental characteristic of the analyses conducted involves the instability of the results from one decade to another; one decade’s category of winners is often the other decade’s category of losers.     

Study on Inheritance and Development of Traditional Street, Lane and Courtyard in City Growth

City is not a concretionary but a dynamic matter. It should keep close touch with the animated tradition, and we should look forward to its future too. Thus we will be facing with the problem of inheritance and development of the tradition. Because the tradition is a potential for good as wdll as for evil, it can promote the development of a thing, and also may hinder its progress, so there should be correct attitudes to the traditional inheritance. This paper studies the modem application of the traditional street, lane and courtyard, which brings new vitality to the tradition and imparts fresh life to the modem city.     

City Residence in the View of Regional Culture: Protection and Renovationof Humanism in Luoyang Cross Street

Problems of cultural environmental protection are acute during the reconstruction of some historic cultural cities. In order to understand the regional cultural features of the old cross street of Luoyang in P. R. China, we analyze the principle of humanistic protection of the street. Based on this understanding, we put forward principles and methods for protection and renovation. We also studied creative ways to protect the historical culture block at present and in the future.     

Friendly Neighborhood Boundary Space Design

Residential area mode of China originates from "neighborhood unit" and "unit compound", they are isolated from the city and known as "islet" and "fragment". The isolation of residence from city breaks the urban structure, increases scale of blocks, and aggravates urban traffic and other problems. In view of this, it is imperative to explore the ways of designing "friendly neighborhood boundary spaces" between residential areas and the city, for example, by extending urban street spaces inward, opening boundary spaces of residential quarters to the city, constructing a boundary space network of residential areas harmoniously integrated into street life.