Ecological Planning of Resource-based City——A Case Study of Huaibei City,Anhui Province

Ecological planning plays an important role in the construction of cities. Huaibei is a typical coal resource-based city, the abundant coal resources lay a solid foundation for its economic development. Coal mining has induced a series of social problems, and affected the regional social and economic development. Ecological planning of Huaibei City concentrates on ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence, and applies circular economy to develop eco-agriculture, eco-tourism and eco-industry, which will contribute considerably to the economic transformation of the city. Analytic Hierarchy Process and mathematical statistical model were applied to calculate sustainable development indexes of Huaibei from 2002 to 2010. By evaluating the indexes, it was found that Huaibei City has a low sustainable development level, and 3 imbalanced subsystems as the major obstacle. The authors proposed countermeasures according to specific conditions of the city.     

我国35个大中城市建设用地结构与空气质量的典型相关分析

[目的]研究选取中国35个大中城市作为样本城市，评价了样本城市2016年空气质量和城市建设用地结构特征，[方法]利用典型相关分析方法分析城市建设用地结构与空气质量之间的关系，为合理安排城市用地结构、改善空气质量、提高城市人居环境质量提供科学依据。[结果](1)研究期间样本城市空气质量地域差异明显，空气污染较重的城市主要集中在华北地区、西北地区，东南沿海城市空气质量较好，京津冀地区空气污染问题较为严重，空气质量指数（AQI）、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2年均浓度呈现出：北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市。(2)研究期间样本城市建设用地结构存在一定差异，居住用地和工矿仓储用地占城市建设用地总面积的比例在49%~58%之间。北方、南方城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在绿地与广场用地比例，沿海、内陆城市建设用地结构差异主要体现在公共管理与公共服务用地、工矿仓储用地和绿地与广场用地的比例。城市建设用地结构信息熵平均值呈现出北方城市>南方城市、内陆城市>沿海城市的特征。(3)典型相关分析结果表明，样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。不同的区域空气污染物不同，影响空气污染物浓度的建设用地结构因子也不同。从整体上，居住用地与商业服务业设施用地与SO2呈负相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关；从区域上，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与PM2.5呈正相关，工矿仓储用地与NO2呈正相关，居住用地、道路与交通设施用地与SO2呈负相关。[结论]样本城市建设用地结构对空气质量有一定影响。     

The Planning Management Experience and Enlightenment of the Cityscape Inheritance of the Ancient City of Yangzhou

China is currently facing the problem of large-scale destruction of the overall cityscape brought about by the rapid development of the city. The optimization of urban stocks and the improvement of urban quality have become the necessary paths for major cities to improve their urban soft power and obtain secondary economic growth. At present, most cities in China are still in the exploratory period of the protection of the cityscape, facing the dilemma of various ways but poor effects. Since the 1990 s, Yangzhou has begun to protect and inherit the cityscape, accumulating systematic protection methods and retaining the complete cityscape. This paper analyzed the characteristic cityscape of the ancient city of Yangzhou, sorted out its strategic methods in the planning management, and summarized the local experience in the inheritance of the characteristic cityscape, in order to provide a reference for China's future cityscape protection work.     

黑龙江省不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应及时空格局

为了研究黑龙江省不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应,利用土地利用和能源消耗等数据,建立碳排放效应测算模型,对黑龙江省1999—2008年10年间12个主要城市土地利用碳排放情况进行测算。研究结果表明：（1）1999—2008年黑龙江省土地利用碳排放量呈现波动上涨的趋势,年均增长约305.52×10⁴ t;（2）建设用地是最主要碳源,约占总碳源的94%;林地是最主要碳汇,占总碳汇的99%;（3）黑龙江省土地利用碳排放空间差异显著,总体呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势,碳排放量高值区主要集中在哈大齐工业走廊和煤炭、石油等工业资源型城市,低值区主要集中在伊春、黑河等森工资源型城市。研究结果为黑龙江省未来低碳土地利用转变提供了参考。     

Ancient Cultural Relics in Cities and Environmental Art Design: Series I of Urban Public Environment Design

Buildings and spatial environment left by history record evolution traces of cities and significant events related to the cities, and as a particular carrier of culture, they are witnesses of city development, and show the later generations memories of the city history. In urban planning, historical images must be respected, the relation between ancient cultural relics and urban planning handled properly, city brand established, and city image improved. The author, on the basis of exploring signifi cance of urban ancient cultural relics, used practical cases to fi gure out approaches of preserving urban ancient cultural relics in urban planning.     

Simple Analysis of the Thermal Environment in Chongqing

There are a series of city environmental problems especially in the mountain city along with the city fast development. In recent decade, many scholars have studied the urban heat island, the urban temperature, the urban wind field, the precipitation and the urban visibility etc. But the urban thermal environment has not been settled radically. All the measures have not been used in the practice. And the researches in thermal environment of the mountain cities are very few. So the authors consider Chongqing as the researching object. Chongqing is one of the typical mountain cities in the semi-tropical. Sequentially we find out the characteristic of the thermal environment in the mountain city. Further the authors seek for the measures to plan and build ecological city. They conclude that CFD can be used in the simulation of urban environment, and use the result of simulation in urban planning is possible. The thermal environment in the center of Chongqing needs to be improved.     

Urban Planning History of Shenzhen City since 1979 and Its Enlightenment

Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has achieved remarkable progress through the 30-year development. The change from the past frontier town to the current megacity makes urban planning practices of Shenzhen City significant for the exploration of other Chinese cities. Combining with significant planning events of Shenzhen City, this paper divided its urban planning history into 3 stages: exploration, transformation and improvement, and particularly introduced its overall planning, urban design, and statutory plan, and finally proposed suggestions for other cities' development on the basis of urban planning history of Shenzhen.     

城市空间增长效应评价方法——以重庆市为例

在城市空间快速增长背景下,开展城市空间增长效应评价研究,有助于解决城市空间增长中出现的问题,可为确定城市空间发展战略、制定空间发展政策提供依据。城市空间增长效应评价方法旨在定量、客观地判断城市空间增长过程中要素配置与运行是否合理、高效和公平。笔者建立了结构配置效应、经济配置效应和公平配置效应3个方面的评价体系,通过目标法对城市空间增长效应进行评价,得出空间增长效应评价函数。以重庆市为例进行实证分析,结果显示：重庆市2004-2013年间的城市空间增长效应总体呈上升发展趋势,结构性、公平性趋好;合理配置效应和经济配置效应波动显著,反映出城市建设面临的用地结构优化、用地效率提升等方面的问题。     

The State and Optimization Countermeasures of Urban Land -use in China

Urban land -use is closely related to urban development. A new trend and some problems in urban land- use appeared along with accelerated urbanization in China. The trend characterized with a large in- crease in the amount of urban land demand, the rise of the ratio of urban common land to total urban area and the elevation of urban land income. The problems mostly included a severe conflict between supply and demand of urban land, extensive land - use, a weak market - force in urban land resources allocation. Based on above analysis, the optimization countermeasures, which included intensive land - use, land - use structure optimization, exploitation of leave unused land in cities, and land - market construction, were put forward for promoting rational utilization of urban land and sustainable development of urban economy.     

中国农业土地利用的生态智慧及启示

为展示悠久的中国农业生态智慧,推动“生态智慧—生态实践—生态文明”的融合共生,通过对历史典籍资料和传统农业实践的文献分析和归纳演绎,总结了中国农业土地利用的生态智慧及其规划思维。研究表明：因天时、就地利、重人和体现了中国农业土地利用的生态智慧。整体生态观念、时间循环思维和要素统筹思想是中国农业土地利用的规划思维外在表现。在今日城乡空间规划和乡村振兴中要树立整体思维,通过生命共同体视角下的空间分配实现以人为本的城镇化;通过控制线划定为未来的空间布局打下基础;通过自然保护地体系建设筑牢国家生态安全屏障。通过城乡融合与乡村振兴来缩小城乡差距,实现共同富裕;通过战略性留白实现城乡发展的增值。在土地和人口要素统筹中,倡导发挥人的主观能动性。尽管古代中国农业土地利用是小尺度的土地利用与生态实践活动,但对于理解和推进今日的规划实践仍具有积极意义。     

Urban Space Model of Diversified Mountainous Central Cities

The space of mountain center city has diversified characteristics, which has interactive relations with the city overall function. Based on analyzing the contradictions between the characteristics of central city and the form of mountainous city, following the mountainous central cities' characteristics of multi-group, multi-center, multi-dimensional and multi-level, the theoretical model which reflects mathematic and abstract relationship between the characteristics and the overall function of the mountainous central cities was constructed. On the basis of the mountainous cities' characteristics and the scientific planning, the model develops the mountainous cities space and macro-functions theory.     

On the Construction of Colored City in Development of China

Significance of city color in shaping the image of city was elaborated by exploring value and characteristics of city color. On the basis of analyzing resources of city color environment in China, problems and contradictions in the current color environment of cities were summarized, real needs and development orientations of urban color planning analyzed.     

Rural Development Program for State-Level New Area in Western China: An Empirical Analysis and Policy Suggestions Based on Villagers' Wishes

Rural development that has been raised to an unprecedented strategic position has become an important fulcrum for China to maintain its rapid economic growth in the future when China's economy has entered a period of new normal. As a quintessential example in the state-level new area of western China and mountainous city, rural areas around Chongqing's Liangjiang New Area have typical preferential policies, space structure, and industrial layout. This study is different from the traditional rural research which focuses on the spatial arrangement of settlements and facilities. From the perspective of villagers' participation and field investigation, this study objectively understands the characteristics, advantages and problems of rural development, and explores the development problems in rural areas, so as to provide a reference for rural planning.     

快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其驱动因子的研究——以重庆市北碚区为例

目前快速城市化地区土地利用变化研究是土地研究的热点之一。为了研究快速城市化地区土地利用变化及其驱动因子,将快速城市化地区划分为城区、郊区和工业主导区3个部分,分2个时段研究了2002-2010年各分区土地利用的时空变化,并分析了土地利用变化驱动因子。研究结果表明,土地利用变化的热点集中在城区和工业主导区;2006-2010年研究区土地利用变化幅度要明显大于2002-2006年,其中两期建设用地分别增加806.40 hm2、3112.91 hm2;耕地、林地等地类大规模减少,二者两期减少之和均占减少总面积的85%以上,建设用地迅速增加;经济发展、外部政策干扰是刺激土地利用变化的主要因素。在土地利用和产业规划过程中进行用地分析,科学实施规划改善土地利用结构,保护水体、林地、耕地等地类,提高土地利用率是保护耕地、林地等地类的关键因素。     

基于用途管制视角的我国空间规划体系构建研究

[目的]构建合理的空间规划体系是落实国家生态文明战略的重要举措和落实用途管制制度的重要抓手。研究围绕建立和落实用途管制制度的目标提出了我国空间规划体系构建的思路和整体框架、层次与组成、功能与内容,以期为我国空间规划体系的建立提供理论基础。[方法]通过文献研究和综合分析的方法分析了我国现行的空间规划体系、发达国家的空间规划体系、我国“多规合一”的试点成果和围绕落实用途管制制度的我国空间规划体系改革的思路与框架等。[结果]研究表明我国现行的空间规划体系存在众多问题,但可以通过构建更为科学的空间规划体系予以解决。我国空间规划体系的构建可以借鉴发达国家空间规划体系的成熟做法和吸取我国“多规合一”试点取得的经验。围绕落实用途管制制度构建“全国——省级——地级——县级”四级的“国土空间规划+专项规划”的规划组成的空间规划体系,每一级的规划是基于落实用途管制制度且对应于该级政府事权和相关部门事权的规划。“国土空间规划”是全域性国土空间保护与开发的战略性、纲领性和基础性规划,是划定“用途区”的规划;“专项规划”是落实用途管制制度和精细化管理的需要而编制的部门性规划,是“用途区”的保护和开发的规划。[结论]研究坚持“层次清晰、功能明确、上下衔接”和“宏观、中观、微观,远期、近期,刚性、弹性”相结合的基本要求和原则,构建了基于落实用途管制制度的空间规划体系思路和整体框架、层次与组成、功能与内容,这将为国国内空间规划体系和落实用途管制制度构建提供理论基础。     

The Public Participation in the Urban Planning

The policy of public participation in urban planning was first practiced in Europe in the 1960s. After 40 years of development, the policy has become the essential step of city planning in Western countries where as is just at the elementary step in China. For the purpose of knowing the situation about the policy performing in local cities and discussing the feasibility of public participation in urban planning, several kinds of investigation have been done. From the investigation, it is found that although the public participation has already been the important step of urban planning in some city during just several years,there are still many problems. This paper shows a panorama view of this issue. Th describe the future of public participation in e authors will offer some solutions according to the problems and the urban planning.     

湖北汉江生态经济带土地利用与覆盖变化研究

中国区域经济带的空间演变与经济社会的可持续发展具有密切的相关性,探索土地利用与覆盖变化对于未来发展具有重要意义。以中国中部地区产业发展与生态保护典型区域湖北汉江生态经济带为例,基于RS技术,在对湖北汉江生态经济带2000年、2007年、2013年3期遥感影像监督分类的基础上,运用土地利用动态度指数、土地利用综合程度指数、单一土地利用相对变化率等数学模型,定量分析了湖北汉江生态经济带13年间土地利用的时空格局及演变特点。研究表明：2000—2013年湖北汉江生态经济带土地利用结构稳定性较差;13年来,湖北汉江生态经济带耕地减少了10256.4756 km²,从土地利用转移矩阵分析,耕地主要是转向了林地,从遥感影像对比发现,城市周围的耕地被建设用地侵蚀,水域的变化幅度最小;从单一土地利用动态度分析,建设用地在2007—2013年变化最为剧烈,其动态度是4.826%;区域变化方面,各地级市（省辖市）土地利用变化显著,汉阳与潜江的水域变化率较大,从总体而言,神农架林区各类土地利用类型变率均较低。     

城乡统筹背景下的村级土地利用规划空间布局研究——以重庆市北碚区静观镇4村规划为例

为探讨城乡统筹背景下的村级土地利用规划空间布局,采用趋势分析法和实证分析法分析了经济社会发展趋势和农业结构调整对土地利用变化的影响,即产业结构发展引导的村域用地空间布局优化。结果表明,产业结构的空间布局有利于土地利用结构的调整和空间布局,带动了区域经济的发展,实现了集约和合理利用土地。由研究可得,土地利用规划中需改革规划思路,突出产业空间结构引导土地利用规划空间布局的战略性地位。     

On the Development of Urban Spatial Structure in the Information Age

Today the information globalization is the trend of society development. The information technology has great influence not only on the mode of life and production, but also on the urban social and economic structure. In order to fit in with the change in this regard, the urban land-use distribution, residential mode, traffic pattern and so on should be changed correspondingly. Therefore, this change will lead to the development and evolution of whole urban spatial structure. In this paper, the development tendency of urban spatial structure in the information age is analyzed and some proposals on city planning and construction are put forward.     

Typology-based Vitality Promotion of Urban Waterfront Public Space in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Revitalization of waterfront-a precious resource of city has gradually become popular worldwide. Cities around the Three Gorges Reservoir grow and proper for the Yangtze River,thus waterfront in these cities has been long ignored or faced with "constructive destruction" with the city development. This paper divided urban waterfront public spaces around the Three Gorges into 3 kinds of spaces,namely point,line and surface,from the perspective of typology,and put forward strategies such as functional renovation,and improvement of spatial scale from the perspectives of land use and traffic,to enhance the vitality of waterfront public space.