Campus Traffic Calming: A Case Study of Xipu Campus,Southwest Jiaotong University

With an increasingly number of cars on campus, the campus is faced with challenges of traffic order and safety. This paper, based on traffic calming and practical experience, took the Xipu campus of Southwest Jiaotong University as an example. Grounded on the traffic situation and characteristics of Xipu campus, the study analyzed the concept of traffic calming and its engineering measures, put forward traffic calming design scheme for Qiuhua Road on the Xipu campus with practical application of campus traffic characteristics, and stated the significance of campus traffic calming for its driving effect in creating an atmosphere of "environment cultivation" on campus. Finally, this paper discussed the development and application of traffic calming in China.     

Analysis on the Feasibility of Collecting Traffic Congestion Charges in Beijing

On the basis of analyzing connotation of congestion pricing,through the qualitative analysis of the main content and implementation effect of the congestion policy in cities such as Singapore,London and Stockholm,the basic conditions for urban congestion charges were summarized.Compared with Beijing’s urban development,traffic development status,urban transport infrastructure and social factors,the current policy of traffic congestion charging is still not available from the perspective of the current status of car ownership in Beijing,residents’ travel composition,and population density distribution.     

TOPSIS-based Measurement and Analysis on Dynamics of Smart Lowcarbon Development for Major Chinese Cities

The smart low-carbon development of modern cities has become one of the academic hotspots.However,the dynamics is rarely involved.Therefore,TOPSIS method was used to take a quantitative study on the dynamics of smart low-carbon development for major Chinese cities.The results showed that:(1) 3 main dynamics of smart lowcarbon city development in China are institution and culture conditions,facility and function conditions and economy and industry conditions,but the overall utility is relatively low;(2) the level of dynamic operation mechanism of smart low-carbon development for major Chinese cities is distinct between regions,indicating a spatial law of diminishing from the east to the west and differing within regions;(3) the imbalance of comprehensive dynamic mechanism and operation state between major cities is prominent,showing an urban scale law of decreasing from big to small and differing within each scale and an administration hierarchy law of descending from high to low and differing within each class;(4) 7 basic development patterns can be obtained,and most of the cities take the external strong internal weak mode,which basically matches with its development realities.     

What does the character of urban technology reveals about convergence versus divergence of innovation in China?—A technical lens to evaluate regional economic development

Regional technology characters (TCs) are studied in this paper to find whether innovation in Chinese cities leads to technology converging, or technology divergence, in both the intra-city and inter-city scales, with which regional economic development strength may be better explained. Based on a literature review on the subject, a two-dimensional research framework and relevant technical lens are designed to clarify TC in cities composed of parameters on Technology Strength (TS) versus Technology Angle (TA). By applying Principle Component Analysis, a technical lens is made possible based on extracted parameters on three integrated technology dimensions for measuring TSs and TAs over 117 Chinese sample cities with invention patent data covering 21 technology field between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. Technology convergence versus divergence are examined for 28/24 sample cities beyond average score, and the research findings indicate that technology divergence in Chinese cities can be confirmed at the inter-city level, even partially at the intra-city level. This finding holds for most sample cities with fairly large and modest TSs, while intra-city technology converging is significant, especially for larger sized TS samples, however they also differ on different dimensions. This may imply that urban economic development in China is technical based and differentiated.     

City Residence in the View of Regional Culture: Protection and Renovationof Humanism in Luoyang Cross Street

Problems of cultural environmental protection are acute during the reconstruction of some historic cultural cities. In order to understand the regional cultural features of the old cross street of Luoyang in P. R. China, we analyze the principle of humanistic protection of the street. Based on this understanding, we put forward principles and methods for protection and renovation. We also studied creative ways to protect the historical culture block at present and in the future.     

A quantitative analysis of Hukou reform in Chinese cities: 2000–2016

This paper documents the changes in China's Hukou reform before and after 2014 based on a unique data set of Hukou policy documents from Chinese cities between 2000 and 2016. We construct a Hukou registration index to measure the stringency of local Hukou qualification in Chinese cities. There are four main channels for migrants to get local urban Hukou: investment, home purchase, talent program, and employment. The requirements of the four channels have large variations across different tiers of cities between the two periods of 2000–2013 and 2014–2016. First‐tier and some second‐tier cities set high criteria for local Hukou registration that have become more stringent over time, while other cities have much lower requirements. The point account system for Hukou registration shows that cities have different preferences over workers eligible for local urban Hukou. The quantitative measures developed in this paper can be used to study a variety of topics on the social and economic consequences of labor mobility barriers.     

The Planning Management Experience and Enlightenment of the Cityscape Inheritance of the Ancient City of Yangzhou

China is currently facing the problem of large-scale destruction of the overall cityscape brought about by the rapid development of the city. The optimization of urban stocks and the improvement of urban quality have become the necessary paths for major cities to improve their urban soft power and obtain secondary economic growth. At present, most cities in China are still in the exploratory period of the protection of the cityscape, facing the dilemma of various ways but poor effects. Since the 1990 s, Yangzhou has begun to protect and inherit the cityscape, accumulating systematic protection methods and retaining the complete cityscape. This paper analyzed the characteristic cityscape of the ancient city of Yangzhou, sorted out its strategic methods in the planning management, and summarized the local experience in the inheritance of the characteristic cityscape, in order to provide a reference for China's future cityscape protection work.     

Agglomeration and Competition among Chinese Cities: An Investigation of Taiwanese High‐Tech Foreign Direct Investment

The purpose of this study was to investigate how Taiwanese high‐tech firms' foreign direct investment (FDI) leads to agglomeration and competition among cities in China. By using social network analysis to analyze 1,111 subsidiaries affiliated with 270 multinational corporations (MNCs) during the years between 1988 and 2006 in 30 major Chinese cities, this study finds that: 1) agglomeration in Chinese cities falls into three primary categories: the hub cluster, the communication‐extended cluster, and the computer‐extended cluster. Among the aforementioned clusters, the hub cluster is the most critical in terms of firm location, and therefore is often a high‐priority investment site for Taiwanese high‐tech firms. 2) Chinese cities fall into four primary groups, or “blocks”: the core block, the coast block, the inland block, and the periphery block; these groups were determined by applying a structural equivalence analysis of which members of each type are in competition with one another. By linking the findings of the urban network characteristics to Chinese regional economic policies, this study provides guidance to aid executives in determining the optimal location for future FDI. Implications and suggestions for host country governments in terms of firms' investment strategies are also discussed.     

Analysis of Traffic Block in Downtown Area

With social and economic development in the past decades, the cities and towns was in rapid progress of urbanization. Under such circumstances, certain "urban concerns" causing serious problems in urban growth were arisen and attracted general attention. Located in the central plains in China, Zhengzhou has taken several strategies in its urbanization to ensure its urban development, including loop construction and "smooth transmit" program. However, the traffic block in downtown area always exists and has impact in certain level on the social and economic development in Zhengzhou, which is actually a common issue in other large cities of central and western China. Beginning with analysis of the patterns of urban spatial forms, in this paper, the main transportation issues of downtown area in Zhengzhou were discussed to find a way for its solution.     

Analysis of the Development of the Commercial Space Around Metro Stations in Urban Core Areas Based on Place Making: A Case Study of Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu

The metro is the most efficient and convenient public transport system in modern cities. For urban core areas in China, in which the metro was built later, there was more consideration for meeting the traffic needs of cities. However, there are few studies of collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding space. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct research on collaborative planning for metro stations and their surrounding commercial space in urban core areas. Unlike conventional methods of integrated design of stations and cities, this paper, based on the theory of place spirit, took Chunxi Road Metro Station in Chengdu and its surrounding commercial space for example. It explored the pattern and characteristics of the place in the commercial space around the metro station, analyzed the strategies of cultural and commercial integration, as well as architecture, street, landscape and other aspects of the design method in the space, and explored the strategies of place-making and infiltration, providing a reference point for the development and place-making of the commercial space around metro stations in urban core areas.     

The geography of the wages: Chinese cities 1989 and 1997

Improving national average income and reducing regional income inequality often serve as dual goals of economic development in a country. After over twenty years of economic reforms, China has been fairly successful in achieving the first goal, but failed in the second. This paper uses recent data with a sharper resolution to examine the variation of average wages across Chinese cities 1989–1997. Widening wage inequalities across cities are observed during the period. This research also seeks to explain the variation of wages between cities by factors such as agglomeration (density and city size), location advantages (distances from central cities and from the coastline), educational attainment, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy. Many of the factors are found to be important in explaining wage differences in Western countries but are yet to be tested in China. Some factors such as distance from the coast, industrial structure and administrative hierarchy are considered because of China’s unique social and economic systems.     

耕地保护机制建设的机理、特征与挑战探讨

探究了中国耕地保护机制建设的运行机理、基本特征、存在的问题并针对问题提出了相应的对策建议。综合运用了理论分析法、模型分析法、博弈论分析法和图示分析法。研究结果表明中国耕地保护机制建设中行政法律机制占据主导地位、经济市场机制成为发展趋势、多层博弈贯穿始终,市场失灵、政府失灵、社会监督乏力三方面的局限性导致耕地保护机制建设滞后。因此,应改革农村土地产权制度、变革政绩考核制度、规范参与平台、实现经济激励与生态补偿同步化,更重要的是不断探索耕地保护新机制。     

Development Zones,Foreign Investment,and Global City Formation in Shanghai*

ABSTRACT The rapid economic ascent of China and the increasing integration of the world economy in the past two decades have made metropolises in China such as Shanghai and Beijing emerging global cities. Foreign investment is a central force underlying the emergence and transformation of the Chinese metropolises into global cities. This is especially true in Shanghai, which has experienced massive infusion of foreign investment. Varied forms of foreign investment or development zones have been created to promote foreign investment inflows, yet remain under‐studied. This paper analyzes structure, performance, and underlying factors of development zones in Shanghai, and discusses the implications for global city‐formation; it unfolds the variations among development zones, and illustrates the significant role of the state and local conditions. As the literature on global cities dwells primarily on the experiences of advanced economies, this paper further contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of emerging global cities in the developing world.     

Model About Aggregation and Spreading Effect Brought by the Lightrail

Many cities are planning to build up the lightrail in order to solve their traffic jam.We try to find a function to describe the going-out cost and analyse the character of this function.The conclusion can be reached that lighrail can make aggregation and spreading effect on the economic activity in the district along the lightrail transit line because the change of cost brought by the lightrail traffic system lead to redistribution of the product region. Synthetically considering factors which can impact this aggregation and spreading, via applying the method of AHP, we set up an evaluation system which can be used to measure the economic effect brought by the lighrail.     

Analysis on the stability of traffic flow with the information of two preceding cars

The stability analysis is one of the important problems in the traffic flow theory, where the congestion phenomena can be regarded as the instability and the phase transition of a dynamical system. An extended optimal velocity model is deduced by considering the effect of the information of two leader cars. The stability condition of the extended model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation is derived to describe the traffic behavior near the critical point by applying the nonlinear analysis. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the analytical results and show that the traffic congests are suppressed more efficiently by considering two vehicles ahead. Therefore, the next-nearest-neighbor car has strong effects on traffic dynamics and plays an important role on stabilizing the traffic flow.     

Preliminary Analysis of Sea Use Planning Strategies in Coastal Cities:A Case Study of Binhai New Area in Tianjin City

Through investigating current sea use in coastal cities of China,and exploring foreign and domestic researches on sea use,this paper took Binhai New Area of Tianjin City for example to analyze major problems of its sea use in ecological security,planar form,land use layout,specialized planning,management and regulatory mechanism,then proposed strategies from 4 perspectives,namely ecological conservation and restoration,optimization of planning planar form,optimization of planning land use layout,and planning management,in order to provide references and instructions for the sea use planning of Chinese coastal cities.     

Overview: Restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium

This collection is concerned with understanding the nature of China’s spatial development during the transition to a socialist market economy. It does so primarily by questioning the applicability of the ‘desakota’ model and extended metropolitan region (EMR) concept to the contemporary Chinese space economy. Yu Zhu’s contribution extends the ‘desakota’ model by applying it to rural areas without the attraction of large cities. Wing‐Shing Tang and Him Chung’s contribution discusses illegal land use and construction to highlight the rural‐urban transition’s negative and disintegrative aspects glossed over by the ‘desakota’ model, which stem from the extension of urban administration to former rural areas and the redistributive effects of land use reform. Andrew Marton sees the original ‘desakota’ model being rejuvenated by introducing the notion of rural agglomeration, a clearer recognition of local administrative structures and an appreciation that development issues now take place within a global‐local framework. George Lin explores the lingering effects of rural origins on Chinese identity and how this affects subsequent social and commercial groups within the Chinese diaspora. Peter Rimmer and Claude Comtois show how changes in China’s transport and telecommunications industry underlie, to a significant degree, the restructuring of China’s space economy and the country’s links to the rest of the world. Overall the contributions highlight that a new consensus will be required for any revised model of the Chinese space economy if this is to provide guidance for planners engaged in restructuring Chinese space in the new millennium.     

Study on the Protection and Renovation of Ancient Buildings in Likeng

As a famous historical and cultural city of China, and one of the ecological conservation experimental plots of Huizhou culture, Likeng owns many cultural units under state and local protection. The paper elaborated the significance and principles of protecting ancient buildings in Likeng, analyzed the restoration principles and technical schemes. Through analyzing the protection of ancient buildings in Likeng, the rationality of protection, and the balance between protection and development was proposed, and protection of the projects in the national historic and cultural heritage list, cultural relics protection units at all levels, famous historic and cultural cities was introduced.     

Spatiotemporal patterns in China's Minimal Living allowances: The urban-rural gap and regional differences revealed through a national poverty alleviation program

The Minimal Living Standard Allowance System (MLSAS), established by the Chinese central government in the late 1990s, was intended to provide basic needs for urban and rural low-income populations. Although the subsidy standards of MLSAS have increased rapidly over the years, its distributions in time and space were found imbalanced. Using the per capita subsidy income (PCSI) data of 338 Chinese cities from 2008 to 2016, this study quantified the spatiotemporal patterns of the urban-rural gap and regional differences of MLSAS throughout China and identified the major influential socioeconomic factors of the observed patterns. The results showed that the PCSI of China's low-income populations increased rapidly but with large variations between urban and rural residents and between geographic regions. The PCSI in rural areas was much lower than that in urban areas, whereas the Gini coefficient of PCSI in urban areas was lower than that in rural areas, indicating the allowance from MLSAS was more unequal among rural residents. Additionally, the higher PCSI was concentrated mainly in three urban agglomerations in eastern China. Most cities in central and western China lagged in terms of PCSI. Correlation analysis between PCSI and socioeconomic factors indicated that the income and GDP per capita were the most important influencing factors. With a better understanding of the overall situation of the urban-rural gap and regional differences in implementing MLSAS, the current study should help improve the subsistence subsidy policies in China.     

西安市园林绿化废弃物循环再利用现状与对策研究

目前,西安市园林绿化废弃物循环利用存在缺失与不足,不仅浪费资源也不利于城市生态环境保护。研究旨在了解西安市园林绿化废弃物再利用的现状,以期为提高园林绿化废弃物再利用提出对策。通过信息搜集、实践总结,了解到国内外绿化废弃物再利用的成熟实践经验和西安市园林绿化废弃物再利用现状。一些发达国家和中国一些一线城市园林绿化废弃物再利用率高且发展较成熟,它们有着政策、管理、经济、宣传等方面的支撑。西安市园林绿化废弃物的处理方式主要有近地填埋和转运清运2种方式,目前仅在2个试点区开展了小范围的再利用实践,资源化利用还处于摸索试验期,全市范围内还未能开展。结合西安市园林废弃物利用现状,提出从政策保障、宣传落实、职权明确、经济支持4个方面推动西安市园林绿化废弃物再利用。该研究为进一步推进西安市园林绿化废弃物再利用提出对策,以期助力西安市生态文明建设。