12个梨品种S基因型的鉴定

应用PCR扩增技术, 根据目的S基因与GenBank中已知S 基因同源性100%原理鉴定了我国育成的12个梨品种的S基因型, 分别是: ‘红酥脆’为S₄S₃₆ , ‘新梨7号’为S₂₈S_d , ‘金水3号’为S₅S₂₉ , ‘八月酥’为S₃S₁₆ , ‘金水1号’为S₃S₂₉ , ‘龙泉酥’为S₃S₂₂ , ‘雪花’为S₄S₁₆ , ‘雪芳’为S₄S₁₆ ,‘雅青’为S₄S₃₄ , ‘新雅’为S₄S₃₄ , ‘德胜香’为S₃S₂₉ , ‘富源黄’为S₁₆S₃₃。通过对S基因的DNA序列分析, 确认S₁₆、S₃₁为同一S基因。本研究结果丰富了我国梨品种的S基因型信息, 为田间合理配置授粉品种提供了依据。     

新高系梨10个品种S基因型的鉴定

以亲缘关系极近的新高系梨10个品种及被视为‘新高’亲本的‘天之川’和‘今村秋’梨等为试验材料，对其基因组DNA进行了PCR-RFLP检测、DNA序列测定及生物信息学分析。结果表明：新高系梨10个品种即‘新高’、‘黄金’、‘水晶’、‘早生黄金’、‘早蜜新高’、‘天皇’、‘金秋’、‘晚大新高’、‘农家新高’和‘鲜黄’的S基因型分别为S₃S₉、S₃S₄、S₃S₉、S₃S₄、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉、S₃S₉和S₃S₅；‘天之川’、‘今村秋’的S基因型分别为S₁S₉和S₁S₆，通过基因型判定‘今村秋’非‘新高’梨的父本。     

京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析

 根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S₂₁ S₂₈ , ‘苹果梨’为S₁₇S₁₉ ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S₁₁ S₂₂ ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为S_a S_b; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S₁₆ S₃₀ , ‘早梨18’为S₄ S₂₈。其中S₂₈和S₃₀为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。     

新高系梨雄性不育的鉴定

在砂梨( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 中首次发现新高系梨绝大多数品种为雄性不育品种(品系) ,运用5种方法对其进行了鉴定: 形态学观测花药、花粉情况; 花粉离体培养法; 整体染色透明法对花药显微观测; 石蜡切片解剖法对大蕾期花药、花粉囊、花粉显微观测; 田间授粉试验。结果表明: 新高系梨9个品种中除‘早生黄金’梨为雄性可育品种外, 其它8个品种即‘新高’、‘黄金’、‘水晶’、‘荣山’、‘天皇’、‘金秋’、‘晚大新高’、‘农家新高’均无正常花粉或正常花粉极少, 为花粉败育, 属孢子发生性雄性不育类型, 且其雄性不育程度存在一定差异。     

新高梨丰产栽培技术

新高梨原产日本,由日本神奈川农日试验场用天之川×今村秋杂交育成,20世纪90年代初引入我市。经几年的栽培,表现出丰产、稳产、抗病、抗旱、抗寒的特性,果实含糖量高,是一个适合我省推广栽培的品种。 一、新高梨的品种特点及胶州的气候条件     

水晶梨引种观察初报

水晶梨是韩国从新高枝条芽变选育而成的新品种。新高是日本神奈川农业试验场用“矢之川×今村秋”杂交培育的,在日本已有50多年栽培历史,属大果型褐色梨的优良品种。由日本引入韩国后,便成为该国梨的主栽品种。数年前     

白梨品种4个新S基因的分离与鉴定

利用S_1-8-RNase氨基酸保守序列‘FTQQYQ’和‘IIWPNV’设计兼并引物, 对白梨4个品种冬黄、新梨一号、红皮酥和博山池的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。PCR产物限制性酶切分析显示: 新梨一号和冬黄各含有一个S₈ - 等位基因。DNA序列测定和生物信息学分析表明, 这4个品种中含有与已报道的S_1-19等位基因有差异的S基因, 经分析鉴定为新的S 等位基因, 分别命名为S₂₀ - 、S₂₂ - 、S₂₆ - 、S₂₇ - 等位基因(GenBank登录号分别为: AY250988、AY250990、AY339396、AY339397) 。冬黄、新梨一号、红皮酥和博山池的S基因型分别为S₈ S₂₀、S₈ S₂₂、S₁₂ S₂₆和S₁₉ S₂₇。     

新高梨引种栽培表现

新高梨是日本神奈川农业试验场用天之川×今村秋杂交育成,1 997年从山东省莱阳农学院引入我场。经多年观察,该品种生长健壮、成花早、易丰产、抗病力强、品质优、适应性广泛,是适合我地推广栽培的优良晚熟品种。1　主要性状1 .1　果实经济性状　果实近圆形,果个大,平均单果重5     

新高梨丰产栽培技术

新高梨原产日本 ,由日本神奈川农日试验场用天之川×今村秋杂交育成 ,90年代初引入我市。经几年的栽培 ,表现丰产、稳产、抗病、抗旱、抗寒 ,果实含糖量高 ,是一个适合我省推广栽培的品种。1　新高梨品种特性该品种树冠较大、树势强健、枝条粗壮、较直立 ,树姿半张开 ,萌芽率高     

‘鸭梨’芽变‘闫庄梨’自交亲和性分子机制初步研究

 通过‘鸭梨’（S₂₁S₃₄）及其芽变‘闫庄梨’自花授粉和相互授粉结实率和种子数调查发现,‘鸭梨’自花授粉结实率为9.1%,果实平均种子数为0,表现自交不亲和性;‘闫庄梨’自花授粉结实率为56.9%,果实平均种子数为8.64,表现自交亲和性;以‘闫庄梨’为母本,‘鸭梨’为父本,授粉结实率为39.3%,果实平均种子数为3.36,也表现亲和性,而以‘鸭梨’为母本,‘闫庄梨’为父本,授粉结实率仅为2.0%,果实平均种子数为0粒,表现不亲和性。因此,初步推断‘闫庄梨’自交亲和性可能是由于花柱突变所致。利用S₂₁和S₃₄等位基因特异性引物对‘闫庄梨’自交后代S-RNase基因型进行鉴定,结果发现S₂₁在所有后代中均有扩增条带,进一步证明‘闫庄梨’花柱S₂₁等位基因及其编码产物可能发生了突变。蛋白质印迹杂交分析结果表明,‘闫庄梨’花柱S-RNase缺失了一条带,而没有缺失的条带蛋白含量也比‘鸭梨’低。由此初步证明‘闫庄梨’的自交亲和性可能是由于花柱S-RNase的突变和表达量低所致。     

Complement activation in acute coronary syndromes

AIM: To evaluate complement activation in patients with all forms of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and to examine the relationship between the degree of complement activation and myocardial injury.METHODS: The subjects were divided into 2 groups: 110 ACS patients (group ACS) and 18 healthy persons (group control).One hundred and ten patients with ACS were divided into 3 sub-group: 51 patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI),28 patients with non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 31 patients with unstable angina (UA).Complement 3 (C₃),complement 4 (C₄),troponin T (TnT) as well as creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were evaluated.RESULTS: Plasma C₃ and C₄ peak levels were significantly higher in patients with STEMI ［(1 525±302)mg/L and (423±123) mg/L］ and NSTEMI ［(1 516±289)mg/L and (396±68) mg/L］ than those in patients with UA ［(1 275±172)mg/L and (356±91) mg/L］ and the control subjects ［(1 072±196)mg/L and (182±73) mg/L］ (P<0.01 for all).Also,C₃ and C₄ serum levels in patients with UA were significantly higher than those in control subjects (P<0.01 for all).At one-week follow-up,plasma levels of C₃ and C₄ were significantly different among various days in patients with ACS (P<0.01).Plasma C₃ and C₄ levels in ACS showed a relationship with peak creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) and troponin T (TnT) levels (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma C₃ and C₄ levels are elevated in ACS in present study.The relationship between C₃,C₄ levels and ACS suggests that the complement activation is related to necrosis within the myocardium.     

Effects of arsenic trioxide on activities of MMPs and expression of TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 in skin fibroblasts and polymorphonuclear neutrophils

AIM: To observe the effects of arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) on activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β₁) in human fibroblast (hFb), and to discuss weather As₂O₃ promotes the healing of chronic skin ulcer through regulating collagen metabolism. METHODS: Zymography was used for testing activity of MMP-9 deriving from rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and activities of MMP-1, MMP-2 secreted by hFb. Immunocytochemical method was used to determine the expressions of TIMP-1 and TGF-β₁. RESULTS: At the concentration of 50 mg/L, As₂O₃ elevated the activity of MMP-9 (P<0.01). At the concentration of 0.8 mg/L, As₂O₃ increased the activities of MMP-1 and MMP-2 (P<0.01, respectively). After hFb was cultured with As₂O₃ for 6 h, 12 h and 18 h, the expressions of TIMP-1 and TGF-β₁ decreased continuously (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: As₂O₃ elevates the activities of MMP-1, MMP -2 and MMP-9, also inhibits the expressions of TIMP-1 and TGF-β₁, suggesting that arsenic preparation may exert positive effect on healing chronic skin ulcer through regulating collagen metabolism.     

Calreticulin is involved in the protection of hypoxic preconditioning against cardiomyoblast H9c2 cell oxidative injury

AIM: To investigate whether hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury, and to discuss whether calreticulin (CRT) contribute to this protection through p38 MAPK signaling pathway. METHODS: Cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: hydrogen peroxide stress (H₂O₂); brief hypoxic exposure of 20 min to simulate hypoxic preconditioning (HPC); 20 min of hypoxic exposure followed by 24 h of normoxic reoxygenation before hydrogen peroxide stress (HPC+H₂O₂), SB203580 (the specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK)+HPC+H₂O₂, antisense oligonucleotides transfection of calreticulin (AS), AS+H₂O₂, AS+HPC+H₂O₂ and control. Morphological studies, estimation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and flow cytometry were employed to assess the cell apoptosis and necrosis. RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis was used to detect calreticulin expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. RESULTS: The results obtained are as follows: (1) HPC relieved cell injury caused by H₂O₂. Compared with those in H₂O₂ group, apoptosis rate and LDH leakage in culture medium in HPC + H₂O₂ group decreased 13.4% and 44.0%, respectively (P<0.05), and cell survive rate increased 12.7% (P<0.05). SB203580, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor presented before HPC, eliminated the cytoprotection of HPC. Compared with HPC+H₂O₂ group, apoptosis rate and LDH leakage increased 5.4% and 45.0%, respectively (P<0.05), and cell survive rate decreased 5.0%(P<0.05). (2) Brief hypoxia intimating HPC resulted in mild CRT up-regulation (1.4-fold increased vs control group, P<0.05), but this up-regulation was lower than that of 3.6-fold increase induced by oxidative stress. HPC relieved the over-expression of CRT induced by H₂O₂ (26% decreased vs H₂O₂ group, P<0.05). (3) Transfection of antisense oligonucleotides of CRT before HPC reduced cytoprotection against oxidative stress. Correlative analysis indicated that mild up-regulation of CRT induced by HPC was positively correlated with survive rate (r=0.8573, P<0.05). (4) SB203580 suppressed CRT up-regulation (the expression of CRT decreased 38% or 23%, vs HPC+H₂O₂ group or HPC group, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that hypoxic preconditioning up-regulates calreticulin expression through p38 MAPK signaling pathway and protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury.     

Expression of ROCK I and TGF-β1 in pulmonary arterioles of rat with chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension

AIM:To investigate the dynamic expression of Rho kinase (ROCK I) and transforming growth factor β₁ (TGF-β₁) in pulmonary arterioles of rat with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: Sixty-four male Wister rats were randomly divided into eight groups: beginning control group, embolism for 3 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks groups and end control group. The pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) model was established by injecting thrombin into jugular vein two times in two weeks and each rat underwent peritoneal injection with tranexamic acid one time a day during experiment to prevent thrombolysis. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), relative medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries (PAMT) and vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA) were measured. The levels of ROCK I mRNA and TGF-β₁ protein in rat pulmonary artery were determined by in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and image analysis, respectively. RESULTS: mPAP, PAMT and WA/TA were higher respectively in embolism from 4 weeks group to 12 weeks group than those in beginning control group (mPAP: all P<0.01, PAMT and WA/TA: 4 weeks group P<0.05, 8 weeks group and 12 weeks group P<0.01). RVHI was elevated in 8 weeks group P<0.05, in 12 weeks group P<0.01. ROCK I mRNA and TGF-β₁ protein in pulmonary arterioles got the enhanced positive signals of in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry staining with prolonging the time of rats with pulmonary thromboembolism. ROCKⅠ mRNA: embolism from 3 d group to 2 weeks group P<0.05, 4 weeks group to 12 weeks group P<0.01, TGF-β₁ protein: 1 week group and 2 weeks group P<0.05, 4 weeks group to 12 weeks group P<0.01. Linear correlation analysis showed that ROCK I mRNA and TGF-β₁ protein were positively correlated with mPAP, RVHI and vessel remodeling index (all P<0.01), ROCK I mRNA were positively correlated with TGF-β₁ protein (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:ROCK I and TGF-β₁ play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vessel remodeling. TGF-β₁ produces biological effect by active ROCK signal pathway.     

Effects of angiotensionⅡon metalloproteinases and matrix in hypertrophied myocardium from infarcted rats

AIM: To investigate the roles of angiotensionⅡ (AngⅡ) receptors (AT₁, AT₂) antagonists on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) system in septal myocardium from infarcted rats.METHODS: The model of rat myocardium infarction (MI) was established by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. The treatments of the AT₁ receptor antagonist valsartan (10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) or AT₂ receptor antagonist PD123319 (30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) were started 7 days prior to surgery. On day 14 after MI, protein levels of MMP-2, 3, 9, fibronectin (FN), tenascin-C (TN-C) in interventricular septum (IS) were determined. The distributions of FN and TN-C were also determined by immunofluorescence.RESULTS: Pathological changes of IS on day 14 after MI showed typical myocardial hypertrophy. Protein expressions of MMP-2, 3, 9 and TN-C of IS in banding group were higher than those in sham-operation group (P<0.01). The expressions of TIMP-1 and FN were lower than those in sham-operation group (P<0.01). Protein expressions of MMP-2, 3, 9 and TN-C in valsartan group were obviously lower than those in banding and PD123319 groups (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and FN protein expressions in valsartan group were higher than those in banding and PD123319 groups (P<0.01). No difference between banding and PD123319 groups was observed (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: AngⅡis involved in myocardium remodeling in infarcted rats, which is mediated via AT₁ receptor to degrade matrix by MMPs. The heart protection of AT₁ receptor antagonists may relate to inhibition of MMPs.     

Preventive effects of anti-IGFBPrP1 antibody on hepatic fibrosis in mice

AIM: To investigate the preventive effect and mechanism of anti-insulin-like growth factor binding protein related protein 1(IGFBPrP1) antibody on hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in mice.METHODS: Twenty-four male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were randomly divided into 3 groups (n= 8 in each group): normal control group, TAA group (4 weeks) and TAA+anti-IGFBPrP1 antibody group (4 weeks). The morphological changes of liver tissues were observed. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β₁), Smad3, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3), fibronectin (FN), collagen I, collagen Ⅲ and IGFBPrP1 were detected by the methods of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS: In TAA group (4 weeks), obvious injury of liver was observed, and the expression levels of α-SMA, TGF-β₁, Smad3, p-Smad2/3, FN, collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and IGFBPrP1 were significantly increased as compared with normal control group (P<0.01). Compared with TAA group (4 weeks), the injury of the liver was alleviated and the expression levels of the proteins above were decreased in TAA+anti-IGFBPrP1 antibody group (4 weeks, P<0.01). IGFBPrP1 was positively correlated with TGF-β₁, Smad3, p-Smad2/3, FN and collagen I (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Anti-IGFBPrP1 antibody prevents TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells, reducing the expression of p-Smad2/3 and inhibiting the TGF-β₁/ Smad3 signal transduction, thereby depressing the deposition of extracellular matrix in liver tissues.     

Recombinant human defensin α1 induces proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells in vitro

AIM: To study the effects and mechanism of recombinant human defensin α₁ on cell proliferation in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells.METHODS: The influences of defensin α₁ at various concentrations on rat 1097 mesangial cell line cultured in vitro were evaluated with MTT assay.The different concentrations of U0126,signal-regulated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor,were added into the culture mediums of mesangial cells to do blocking test.Incubated with a final concentration of 3 mg/L defensin α₁,the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and type IV collagen of mesangial cells in different times were evaluated by Western blotting.RESULTS: Defensin α₁ at 3-20 mg/L enhanced proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells.The incubation times for the maximum effect on proliferation was 12 h (P<0.01),whereas defensin α₁ concentration >20 mg/L decreased cell proliferation.The cell proliferation induced by defensin α₁ was inhibited by U0126.Stimulation of the cells with defensin α₁ at concentration of 3 mg/L for 5 minutes induced a maximum effect on a ratio of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to total ERK.After 12 h incubation with defensin α₁,an increase in type IV collagen was observed by Western blotting and continued to increase at 24 h and 48 h (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Defensin α₁ enhances rat glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and induces type IV collagen production by MAPK signaling pathway.     

Suppression of VacA mRNA expression after siRNA transformation Helicobacter pylori using electroporation technique

AIM: To optimize the electrotransformation condition of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) and to observe the suppression effect of siRNA on vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA).METHODS: There were five treatment groups: S₁,S₂,S₃,S₄ and S₅ with a control group S₆.The different electric field intensities and pulse time were designed to optimize the electroporation condition of Hp transformation,the efficiencies of electroporation and survival of Hp were evaluated.Under the optimized electroporation condition,Hp was transformed with the six pairs of siRNA,RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of VacA gene.RESULTS: The electric field intensity and the pulse time were two key factors influencing the transformation efficiency.When a pulse was achieved under 25 kV per centimeter within 5 millisecond,the transformation efficiency proved to be at maximum (91%),the suppression rates on VacA mRNA expression by S₂ and S₄ were 65% and 77%,respectively.CONCLUSION: Maximum of transformation efficiency is achieved by proportionating combination of electric field intensities and pulse time.The targeted siRNA suppresses the expression of VacA mRNA.     

Changes of serum levels of TXA2 and PGl2 in cirrhosis patients during liver transplantation

AIM：To study the changes of serum levels of thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) and prostacyclin (PGI₂) in cirrhosis patients during liver transplantation.METHODS：Samples were obtained from 24 cirrhosis patients in end at five time points during liver transplantation.TXA₂ and PGI₂ level were measured by radioimmunoassay.Arterial and mixed venous blood samples used for blood gas analysis were taken at the same time.Intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) was calculated according to the standard formula.The hemodynamics parameters including continuous cardiac output index (CI),HR,mean artery blood pressure (MABP),MPAP,CVP,PAWP,SVRI,PVRI were measured during liver transplantation.RESULTS：(1) MABP decreased significantly in the early stage of anhepatic period and neohepatic period.(2) CVP,MPAP and PAWP decreased significantly during anhepatic period.They increased significantly after graft reperfusion and remain the high level.(3) CI declined significantly during anhepatic period and increased at 10 min postreperfusion of new liver.(4) SVRI and PVRI increased during anhepatic period and were higher than baseline level at 15 min after reperfusion.SVRI was lower than baseline level at 30 min after reperfusion.(5) Compared with the baseline level,6-keto-PGF1α and TXB₂ increased significantly.Compared with the level before vascular cross-clamping,6-keto-PGF1α decreased during neohepatic period and it had significant difference in statistics at the end of operation.CONCLUSION：Serum levels of TXA₂ and PGI₂ significantly change during liver transplantation and may affect the system and pulmonary circulation to some extent.