B对花椰菜叶片活性氧代谢的影响

研究不同 B质量浓度条件下花椰菜生长过程中叶片超氧阴离子自由基 (O- 2 )、丙二醛 (MDA)和谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量以及脂氧合酶 (LOX)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)活性的变化 .结果表明 :(1 )在缺 B条件下 ,随处理时间的延长 ,O- 2 、MDA含量增加 ;GSH含量 ,SOD、POD、CAT和 LOX活性表现出先上升后下降的趋势 .(2 )正常 B处理条件下 ,O- 2 、MDA含量较低 ;GSH含量 ,SOD、CAT活性较高 .表明 B胁迫条件下花椰菜叶片活性氧代谢发生异常 ,活性氧清除能力减弱 ,膜脂过氧化加剧     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠对重氮偶合反应催化作用的研究

本文以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(简称为NaDBS)为阴离子相转移催化剂(anionic—PTC),对其在偶合反应中的催化性能进行了初步的研究。结果表明NaDBS确能使一些较难发生的重氮偶合反应顺利进行。本文使用一系列的苯胺衍生物作为重氮组份,以咔唑、二苯胺作为偶合组份,合成了九种偶氮化合物,其中有六种未见文献报道。最后对结果进行了详细的讨论。     

硼对绵羊血液生化指标的影响

选择健康的 6月龄小尾寒羊与东北细毛羊杂交后代 12只 ,采用单因素随机分组验试设计 ,分成 3组 ,每组 4只间。第 1组为对照 ,饲喂基础日粮 ,第 2 ,3组分别在基础日粮中添加 113mg· kg- 1、2 2 6 m g· kg- 1硼 (以硼砂形式 ) ,研究硼对绵羊血液生化指标的影响。试验结果表明 ,不同水平的硼均能不同程度地降低尿素氮、肌酐的含量 ,其中以添加量 2 2 6 m g· kg- 1对绵羊的影响效果达显著水平 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加不同水平的硼能够提高血中钙、磷含量 ,添加量 113m g· kg- 1 显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加硼 2 2 6 mg· kg- 1 可显著增加绵间血清谷丙转氨酶的活性(P <0 .0 5 )     

甜菜幼苗叶片光合性能、渗透调节及活性氧对高硼胁迫的响应

为探究甜菜幼苗对硼毒害的响应,采用水培试验的方法,研究了不同硼浓度（0.05、0.25、0.50、2.50、5.00 mmol·L^-1 H₃BO₃）条件下,高硼胁迫对甜菜幼苗叶片光合性能、渗透物质调节及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明：高硼胁迫影响甜菜幼苗生长发育进程,硼处理第15~20 d时对幼苗影响最大。随着硼浓度的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量呈下降趋势,与对照相比差异显著,净光合速率与叶绿素含量规律表现一致,叶绿素a/b在0.50 mmol·L^-1时达到最大值;果糖及淀粉含量在高硼胁迫下增加,在2.50 mmol·L^-1时与对照相比均差异显著,分别比对照增加了114.5%、78.2%。蔗糖含量显著下降,与对照相比降低了31.8%~54.1%;当硼浓度达到0.50 mmol·L^-1时,丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量显著增加。染色观察发现,随着硼浓度的增加,叶片中超氧阴离子与过氧化氢积累也逐渐增加,均在5.00 mmol·L^-1时累积最严重。研究表明,硼毒害使甜菜叶片光合能力下降,阻碍光合产物的运输,细胞内活性氧大量积累,对细胞产生氧化胁迫,进而抑制甜菜植株生长。本试验条件下,硼浓度0.50 mmol·L^-1可以作为甜菜幼苗高硼胁迫的临界值,超过该浓度,植株生长受到显著抑制。     

Oxygen-carrying iridium complexes: kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics

The rates of oxygenation and deoxygenation of a series of iridium complexes increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing electron-releasing tendency of the anionic ligands (A) attached to the metal atom in the oxygencarrying compounds, [IrA(CO)(Ph(3)P)(2)]. Calculated heats of oxygenation (-DeltaH(2)(0)), related to Ir-O(2) bond energies, are proportional to the previously reported O-O bond lengths in the oxygen adducts, [O(2)IrA(CO)(Ph(3)P)(2)].     

Photocontrol of boron metabolism in sea grasses

Boron is taken up in the dark and is excreted in response to light by the leaves of the marine vascular plant, Halophila engelmannii Ascherson. This phenomenon makes possible the study of boron metabolism in a higher plant without the stress of boron deficiency. Dependence of boron excretion on photosynthetic CO(2) fixation suggests that an organoboron complex between boron and a newly formed carbon compound from photosynthesis is selectively excreted.     

硼调控干旱胁迫下马铃薯生长发育及抗性的生理机制

为了探讨叶面喷施硼（Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O溶液）对马铃薯植株在干旱胁迫下生长发育及抗性的影响及其生理机制,在甘肃省景泰县条山集团马铃薯种植基地,对中度干旱和轻度干旱处理的两垄地,每隔3 m进行一个硼浓度（Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O）喷施处理,浓度依次为0、10、20、30、40、60 g·L^-1,每个浓度（3 m长）的喷施量为166.7 ml。结果表明：叶面喷施硼相对增加了干旱胁迫下马铃薯的块茎产量及生物量,使干旱胁迫下叶片含水量和色素含量下降幅度减小;叶面喷施硼还从整体上表现为抗氧化酶活性的提高,并抑制了超氧阴离子产生速率的增加。通过去花与不去花植株生长发育的比较,发现去花后马铃薯植株地上部分重和地下部分重均有所下降,但施硼相对提高了块茎产量及地下部分重。可见,叶面喷施硼能促进马铃薯植株在干旱胁迫下的生长发育,提高其抗旱性及块茎产量,且这种变化可能与其促进光合产物向地下部分输送密切相关。     

施硼量对油菜产量及硼肥利用率的影响

2015—2016年,在贵州省铜仁学院试验基地,以华杂9号和中双11号为试验材料,设置5个硼肥施用量处理,即B0(0 kg/hm~2)、B1(3.75 kg/hm~2)、B2(7.50 kg/hm~2)、B3(15.00 kg/hm~2)和B4(30.00 kg/hm~2),研究硼肥施用量对油菜产量、产量构成因子以及硼肥利用率的影响。结果表明:增施硼肥可提高油菜植株茎粗、分枝数、分枝角果数和单株角果数等性状参数值;对每角粒数、籽粒产量、角果皮产量、地上部产量影响显著;油菜各部位的硼素含量及硼素累积量随着施硼量的增加而不断提高;施硼量在3.75～30.00 kg/hm~2,B1处理硼肥的表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率最高,其次是B3处理的;综合油菜的农艺性状、产量及硼肥的利用效率考虑,推荐贵州省油菜种植区的硼肥使用量为15.00 kg/hm~2左右。     

硼和氯化钠复合胁迫对小麦幼苗的影响

以盆栽小麦幼苗为供试植物,设定培养基质硼浓度分别为0、50、100 mg·kg^-1,氯化钠浓度分别为0、1、2 g·kg^-1,研究了硼和盐复合胁迫对植物生长的影响。结果表明,硼和氯化钠的单独胁迫均能显著抑制小麦生长;硼浓度为50 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠加重了硼对小麦生长的抑制;硼浓度为100 mg·kg^-1时,氯化钠缓解了硼对小麦生长的抑制。硼和氯化钠的复合胁迫以及高硼胁迫使根冠比显著增大,氯化钠抑制了小麦对硼的吸收。综合来看,当硼胁迫较严重时,盐胁迫可以促进小麦增大根冠比和减少硼吸收来抵御硼毒害。     

Internal Hydrogen Bond Formation in a syn-Hydroxyepoxide

The existence of an internal hydrogen bond in a compound representative of a syn diol epoxide (a possible intermediate in chemical carcinogenesis by certain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) has been demonstrated by x-ray crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. This internal hydrogen bond was found in 3,4-epoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol and was shown to persist in dioxane-water solutions containing up to 80 mole percent water. In this structure, the 1-hydroxy and 2-methyl groups are shown to occupy axial positions. In the anti diol epoxide, which has no internal hydrogen bond, analogous groups are equatorial. Crystals of the compound were unstable in the x-ray beam while the data were being collected (even at low temperatures), presumably as a result of decomposition.     

福建烟区土壤Mg、B营养及其施肥效应

福建主要烟区土壤、烟叶Ｍｇ、Ｂ含量测定的结果表明，植烟土壤的交换性Ｍｇ含量主要分布在０．２～０．５ｃｍｏｌｋｇ－１，烟叶含Ｍｇ量平均为０．１８％，土壤有效Ｂ含量平均为０．２２ｍｇｋｇ－１，烟叶有效Ｂ含量平均为１１．０５ｍｇｋｇ－１．绝大多数土壤，烟叶都存在着不同程度的缺Ｍｇ、缺Ｂ状况．按每公顷施ＭｇＳＯ４２２５ｋｇ，喷施０．１％硼砂溶液１１２５ｋｇ，可以提高烟叶Ｍｇ、Ｂ含量，增加中上部叶片的单叶重，提高烟叶的产量和品质     

阴离子黏土吸附砷酸根离子热力学研究

利用共沉淀水热法制备镁铝阴离子黏土材料,研究了其水溶液对砷酸根[As（V）]离子的吸附热力学及其机理。结果表明：在303～333 K和试验浓度范围内,阴离子黏土对水中As（V）的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程。阴离子黏土对水中As（V）的吸附是吸热过程;根据热力学函数关系计算出As（V）在阴离子黏土上的吸附焓为2.85 kJ/mol,吉布斯吸附自由能改变量为-6.64～-5.90 kJ/mol,吸附自由能的变小是As（V）在阴离子黏土上吸附的推动力,吸附熵变为29.38 J/（mol.K）。     

Crystal Structure Refinement of Reedmergnerite,the Boron Analog of Albite

Ordering of boron in a feldspar crystallographic site T1(0) has been found in reedmergnerite, which has silicon-oxygen and sodium-oxygen distances comparable to those in isostructural low albite. If a simple ionic model is assumed, calculated bond strengths yield a considerable charge imbalance in reedmergnerite, an indication of the inadequacy of the model with respect to these complex structures and of the speculative nature of conclusions based on such a model.     

硼对草坪草超氧化物歧化酶活性、超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛含量的影响

采用基质培养法,设缺硼和施硼2种处理,在早秋和春季测定了草坪草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、超氧阴离子(O2)产生速率和丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究硼对草坪草活性氧代谢的影响,以探讨提高草坪草抗寒性的措施.结果表明:和早秋相比,2种草坪草海滨雀稗和矮脚虎春季SOD活性明显下降,超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛含量均明显升高,表明受到了春季低温伤害;施硼显著提高SOD活性,显著降低超氧阴离子产生速率和丙二醛含量,在春季尤为明显;表明施硼提高草坪草保护酶SOD活性,降低了活性氧及膜脂质过氧化对生物膜的伤害,提高了草坪草抗寒性.而2种草坪草相比,海滨雀稗抗寒性高于矮脚虎.     

Isolating the spectroscopic signature of a hydration shell with the use of clusters: superoxide tetrahydrate

Cluster spectroscopy, aided by ab initio theory, was used to determine the detailed structure of a complete hydration shell around an anion. Infrared spectra of size-selected O(2)-. (H(2)O)(n) (n = 1 to 4) cluster ions were obtained by photoevaporation of an argon nanomatrix. Four water molecules are required to complete the coordination shell. The simple spectrum of the tetrahydrate reveals a structure in which each water molecule is engaged in a single hydrogen bond to one of the four lobes of the pi* orbital of the superoxide, whereas the water molecules bind together in pairs. This illustrates how water networks deform upon accommodating a solute ion to create a distinct supramolecular species.     

硒减轻油菜幼苗硼毒害机理的研究

【目的】硼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素,但在土壤中过量存在会对植物产生毒害。在干旱半干旱地区硼毒害是限制作物生长的重要因子,此外,硼矿开采以及硼肥用量过大或施用不均匀均会导致硼浓度过高,从而限制作物生长。适量硒能提高作物抗性,减轻作物因逆境产生的伤害,本文旨在通过适量硒处理,研究硒对高硼条件下油菜生物量及油菜活性氧代谢的变化,探讨硒缓解高硼对油菜生长抑制作用的机理,进而提高作物对硼的适宜范围,减轻硼毒害对农业生产的危害。【方法】本文以油菜（湘农油571）为试验材料,设置硼和硒2因素2水平（硼水平为：50、500 μmol•L-1,分别用B50、B500表示,硒水平为：0、1 μmol•L-1,分别用Se0、Se1表示）完全随机试验,共4个处理,通过苗期溶液培养,研究硒对高硼（500 µmol•L-1）胁迫条件下油菜幼苗生长、硼吸收累积和抗氧化酶及非酶系统的影响。【结果】高硼胁迫条件下油菜幼苗地上部和地下部干物质重显著降低,与正常硼（50 μmol•L-1）处理相比分别降低20.1%和32.0%;硼含量和累积量显著增加,与正常硼处理相比分别增加2.95和2.97倍;油菜幼苗因硼毒害导致叶片内抗氧化酶（过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX））活性和非酶抗氧化物（谷胱甘肽（GSH））含量显著降低,与正常硼处理相比,CAT、POD和APX活性分别降低19.7%、11.0%和15.0%;而过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,比正常硼处理分别增加19.0%和18.5%。高硼条件下,经1 μmol?L-1硒处理,与无硒处理相比,地上部和地下部干物质重分别增加22.8%和28.6%,硼含量和累积量分别降低38.6%和31.9%;油菜幼苗叶片内抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物含量显著增加,CAT、POD和APX活性分别增加12.8%、15.1%和15.3%,GSH和ASA含量分别增加9.7%和21.0%;而过氧化氢和丙二醛含量分别降低25.1%和21.2%。【结论】适量硒可降低高硼胁迫下油菜幼苗硼的吸收累积,增强抗氧化酶和非酶系统抗氧化作用,降低活性氧累积,减轻细胞质膜因过氧化作用而产生的损伤,从而显著减轻过量硼对油菜生长的影响,提高油菜幼苗对硼过量的适应性。     

A stable compound containing a silicon-silicon triple bond

The reaction of 2,2,3,3-tetrabromo-1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyltetrasilane with four equivalents of potassium graphite (KC8) in tetrahydrofuran produces 1,1,4,4-tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-1,4-diisopropyl-2-tetrasilyne, a stable compound with a silicon-silicon triple bond, which can be isolated as emerald green crystals stable up to 100 degrees C in the absence of air. The SiSi triple-bond length (and its estimated standard deviation) is 2.0622(9) angstroms, which shows half the magnitude of the bond shortening of alkynes compared with that of alkenes. Unlike alkynes, the substituents at the SiSi group are not arranged in a linear fashion, but are trans-bent with a bond angle of 137.44(4) degrees.     

2种常用食用菌所含多糖化合物复配的体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究金针菇、平菇多糖体外复配的抗氧化活性,以羟基自由基（OH?）和超氧阴离子（O2－?）为评价指标,探究多糖复配的可行性和有效性。[方法]以金针菇、平菇为原材料,优化多糖提取条件,然后进行体外抗氧化活性研究,测定其对OH?和O2－?清除率,研究复合多糖对自由基的清除能力,并与单一多糖进行比较。[结果]多糖的最优提取条件为超声时间30 min,热水浸提温度为90℃。在此条件下,金针菇得率为1．25％,多糖纯度为84．3％;平菇得率为1．46％,多糖纯度76．4％。复合多糖清除OH?的能力随着浓度的升高而升高,在金针菇多糖∶平菇多糖＝5∶1的复配比例下会体现良好的协同性,优于单一多糖。复合多糖清除O2－?的能力也随着浓度的升高而升高,尤其在低浓度下,金针菇多糖∶平菇多糖＝3∶1复配时具有比单一多糖更好的协同性。[结论]食用菌多糖的复配能有效提高其抗氧化活性。     

Stable magnesium(I) compounds with Mg-Mg bonds

The chemistry of the group 2 metals (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium) is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. Here, we report the reductions of two magnesium(II) iodide complexes with potassium metal in toluene, leading to thermally stable magnesium(I) compounds, (L)MgMg(L) (where L is [(Ar)NC(NPri2)N(Ar)]- or {[(Ar)NC(Me)]2CH}-, Ar is 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, Me is methyl, and Pri is isopropyl) in moderate yields. The results of x-ray crystallographic and theoretical studies are consistent with central Mg2+(2) units that have single, covalent magnesium-magnesium bonding interactions with 2.8508 +/- 0.0012 (standard deviation) and 2.8457 +/- 0.0008 angstrom bond lengths, respectively, and predominantly ionic interactions with the anionic ligands (L).     

An octahedral coordination complex of iron(VI)

The hexavalent state, considered to be the highest oxidation level accessible for iron, has previously been found only in the tetrahedral ferrate dianion, FeO4(2-). We report the photochemical synthesis of another Fe(VI) compound, an octahedrally coordinated dication bearing a terminal nitrido ligand. M?ssbauer and x-ray absorption spectra, supported by density functional theory, are consistent with the octahedral structure having an FeN triple bond of 1.57 angstroms and a singlet d2(xy) ground electronic configuration. The compound is stable at 77 kelvin and yields a high-spin Fe(III) species upon warming.