江西省森林旅游发展战略及保障体系研究

通过分析江西森林旅游发展状况,综合其外部环境、内部条件,论证森林旅游发展的可行性,并就发展战略、战略布局、开发思路等方面进行发展规划,提出了发展森林旅游需要制定的对策策略等,为江西森林旅游业的发展提供参考。     

江西森林康养旅游发展刍议

旅游产业发展很大程度上依赖高品质有特色的旅游资源.江西是林业大省,森林覆盖率达63.1%,开发森林旅游资源潜力巨大.森林康养旅游作为集林业、医药、卫生、养老、旅游、教育、文化等于一身的综合性朝阳产业,是休闲农业和乡村旅游发展的一片蓝海,已成为国际林业发展的一个最新趋势.本文简要论述森林康养旅游国内外发展现状,剖析江西森林康养旅游发展的制约因素,提出江西森林康养旅游发展的对策建议.     

发展森林旅游为江西经济提速

分析森林旅游的优势和机遇,介绍了江西森林旅游资源,提出目前江西森林旅游存在的问题.     

江西：森林旅游已踏上发展快车道

进入21世纪，随着我国社会、经济持续快速的发展以及我国林业建设全面实施以生态建设为主的发展战略，江西林业部门在省委、省政府的正确领导下，以丰富的森林风景资源为依托，以日益增长的森林旅游市场为导向，大力建设森林公园，发展森林旅游。特别是近年来，江西省森林公园发展迅速，森林旅游产业规模不断壮大，生态效益、社会效益、经济效益稳步增长，[第一段]     

江西省森林旅游产业发展现状问题与对策

江西省森林景观资源丰富,旅游价值高,非常适合发展森林旅游产业.文章运用公共管理理论,基于森林旅游的相关研究成果、概念和理论,分析江西森林旅游发展现状、面临的问题,提出对策建议.     

基于RMP分析法的江西省森林康养旅游发展研究

江西省森林康养旅游资源数量众多、种类丰富、品级较高,具备发展森林康养旅游的资源优势。通过查阅文献资料对比分析,运用RMP分析理论,依照《中国森林公园风景资源质量等级评定》(GB/T 18005-1999)分类评价体系对江西省森林康养旅游资源进行了分类。分析了客源市场的选择定位,江西省森林康养旅游产品开发现状和产品创新的环境。在资源和市场的基础上,对江西森林康养旅游产品进行了设计。针对江西省森林康养旅游发展问题从建立健全森林康养产业的开发体系和运行体系、搭建森林康养科研平台、完善基础服务设施、加强专业人才队伍建设、优化森林康养资源和环境、打造江西森林康养旅游品牌、全方位及深层次开发森林康养旅游产品、引入培育各类市场主体等方面提出了建议。     

桂粤赣湘闽携手发展森林旅游

正在2018中国森林旅游节上,广西、广东、江西、湖南、福建5省(区)签订森林旅游发展战略合作协议。5省(区)将建立森林旅游合作协调机制,在开展森林旅游宣传互动推广、推动森林旅游优惠政策、共享森林旅游信息、推进森林旅游新业态等方面加强合作。此次森林旅游节,广西组织27人的代表团和约300人的观摩团参加开幕式及全国森林旅游推介会、     

''''96中国森林旅游和森林公园分会专题研讨会召开

1996年4月23日至27日，由中国林学会森林旅游和森林公园分会主持的“森林旅游产品开发和营销学术研讨会”在融水县召开。林业部和北京、辽宁、河南、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、贵州、云南、福建等十个省市的林业厅、大学、规划设计院、森旅公司、各森林公园的领导、教授、专家和代表，以及广西林业厅、旅游局等出席会议。会议介绍了f西林业厅编制和实施全区森林旅游总体规划的经验及森林旅游产品的营销经验。与会代表对广西森林旅游总体规划和森林旅游专题录像片反应强烈，一致认为广西自然风光优美，森林旅游资源丰富，森林旅游产品特色鲜明…     

西双版纳热带森林旅游的发展机遇--海南热带森林旅游经验借鉴

从全球森林旅游的发展情况和西双版纳州开展热带森林旅游的优势及现状的角度，分析了西双版纳州热带森林旅游发展的机遇和挑战。通过借鉴海南省发展热带森林旅游的经验，顺应中国旅游消费市场正在经历从数量型增长向质量型发展转变的契机，提出了将西双版纳热带森林旅游资源进行科学合理的规划，尽快篆划包装出独具特色的热带森林旅游产品，联合海南一道，在国内和欧美旅游市场进行中国热带森林旅游产品的推介和系统营销。     

江西景德镇国家森林公园风景资源特色及发展对策

随着森林旅游越来越受到人们的重视,森林公园的开发建设也进行的如火如荼,但随之也带来了不少亟待解决的问题。以江西景德镇国家森林公园为研究对象,通过对其风景资源的调查,研究和分析了在旅游开发中存在的问题,并对森林公园的建设发展、森林景观、经营管理等问题提出相应的发展对策。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.