鲮胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA的分子克隆和序列分析

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法，从鲮肝脏总RNA中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）基因，克隆至质粒PUGm-T。测定该基因序列，推导其编码的蛋白质序列。克隆的鲮IGF-IcDNA编码序列包括信号肽、B、C、A、D和E6个区域，共161个氨基酸残基。与鲤IGF-I比较，信号肽由44个氨基酸残基组成比鲤少17个，成熟肽核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.2%和100%,E区域分析结果表明，克隆的鲮IGF-I序列属于IGF-I Ea-2亚型。     

鲮胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA的分子克隆和序列分析

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法，从鲮肝脏总RNA中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）基因，克隆至质粒PUGm-T。测定该基因序列，推导其编码的蛋白质序列。克隆的鲮IGF-IcDNA编码序列包括信号肽、B、C、A、D和E6个区域，共161个氨基酸残基。与鲤IGF-I比较，信号肽由44个氨基酸残基组成比鲤少17个，成熟肽核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.2%和100%,E区域分析结果表明，克隆的鲮IGF-I序列属于IGF-I Ea-2亚型。     

转化生长因子α对人肠上皮细胞增殖、细胞总RNA和总蛋白质含量的影响

主要探讨转化生长因子-α(Transforming Growth Factorα,TGF-α)对人结肠细胞生长、增殖以及细胞总RNA和总蛋白质含量的影响。以人结肠腺癌细胞(Adenocarcinoma,LoVo)为试验模型,分别添加重组人TGF-α0.1、1(接近人乳TGF-α含量最低值)、10(接近人乳TGF-α含量最高值)[1]和100ng·mL-1后,观察细胞增殖能力、细胞总RNA和总蛋白质含量变化。添加TGF-α24h后,细胞较对照有明显的增殖现象,且增值率随细胞浓度增加而呈上升趋势,并在10ng·mL-1时达到最大(P<0.01)。细胞总RNA含量随TGF-α浓度增加而上升为控制组的1.67倍(P<0.05)至4.20倍(P<0.01)。而100ng·mL-1组细胞总蛋白质含量明显高于控制组和其他各剂量组。为对照组的1.28倍(P<0.05)。TGF-α能够促进人肠上皮细胞细胞增殖且具有剂量依赖性,TGF-α同样能够促进人结肠上皮细胞RNA含量的增加和蛋白质的合成。     

鳡胰岛素样生长因子1基因的克隆及其组织特异性表达分析

为克隆鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)的胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)全长cDNA和启动子序列及明确其组织表达特征,采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)、cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)和染色体步移等技术,从鳡肌肉中获得了IGF1基因的全长cDNA(844bp)和上游启动子部分序列(627bp)。结果表明:IGF1基因包含218bp的5′端非翻译区、140bp的3′端非翻译区和486bp的开放性阅读框(ORF),编码161个氨基酸,包含前44个氨基酸残基为信号肽、70个氨基酸残基的4个功能结构域和C端47个氨基酸残基的延伸肽结构域。启动子无TATA框,但含有一成肌分化抗原(Myo D)结合位点。氨基酸同源性和系统发育分析发现,鳡IGF1与鲤形目其他鱼类的同源性较高(94.41%～99.38%),亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,IGF1在鳡的肝脏中表达最高,而心脏中未见其明显表达。该研究为明确IGF1参与鳡生长发育的机制研究及其在鳡的繁殖育种中的应用奠定了基础。     

Structure of the receptor for insulin-like growth factor II: the puzzle amplified

The insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a polypeptide hormone with structural homologies to insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). In contrast to these other hormones, the in vivo function of IGF-II is not known. Although IGF-II can stimulate a broad range of biological responses in isolated cells, these responses have usually been found to be mediated by the insulin and IGF-I receptors. Recently, the receptor for IGF-II was found to also be the receptor for mannose-6-phosphate. Since this latter receptor has been implicated in targeting of lysosomal enzymes, the question is now raised of whether the same protein can also mediate metabolic responses to IGF-II.     

Binding of a cytosolic protein to the iron-responsive element of human ferritin messenger RNA

The human ferritin H chain messenger RNA contains a specific iron-responsive element (IRE) in its 5' untranslated region, which mediates regulation by iron of ferritin translation. An RNA gel retardation assay was used to demonstrate the affinity of a specific cytosolic binding protein for the IRE. A single-base deletion in the IRE eliminated both the interaction of the cytoplasmic protein with the IRE and translational regulation. Thus, the regulatory potential of the IRE correlates with its capacity to specifically interact with proteins. Titration curves of binding activity after treatment of cells with an iron chelator suggest that the factor acts as a repressor of ferritin translation.     

Requirement of microfilaments in sorting of actin messenger RNA

Specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can be sequestered within distinct cellular locations, but little is known about how this is accomplished. The participation of the three major cellular filaments in the localization of actin mRNA was studied in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Movement of actin mRNA to the cell periphery and maintenance of that regionalization required intact microfilaments (composed of actin) but not microtubules or intermediate filaments. The results presented here suggest that actin-binding proteins may participate in mRNA sorting.     

大口黑鲈IGF-I基因内含子1、3和4序列多态性研究

根据大口黑鲈IGF-I基因的cDNA序列设计引物,克隆IGFI基因内含子核苷酸序列,采用PCR产物直接测序方法,在中国养殖群体和美国野生群体中筛选IGF-I基因内含子上的多态位点。应用RFLP、CRS—RFLP和SSCP技术建立多态位点的检测方法,同时比较分析其中4个多态位点在两个群体中基因频率分布。结果表明：（1）IGF-I基因内含子1、3和4序列长分别为1317bp、712bp和1941bp;（2）在3个内含子上共发现7个多态位点,其中在内含子1的208和1070位为G—A突变;内含子3的第40个碱基为一个“A”的插入-缺失突变,第307位为C—T突变,683位是G—A突变;内含子4上的696碱基处有一个20bp的插入-缺失突变,在1563位为G—A突变,表明大口黑鲈IGF-I基因序列上存在较多的SNPs;（3）内含子1上SNPG1070A的A等位基因能为HindIII限制性内切酶识别,采用RFLP技术分型。根据内含子1上SNPG208A侧翼序列,设计错配引物,使错配碱基和A等位基因共同形成TaqI酶切位点,建立CRS—RFLP检测方法。内含子4上SNPG1563A采用SSCP检测方法,同时对内含子4上的插入-缺失突变进行PAGE电泳分型。试验结果显示,RFLP、CRS—RFLP和SSCP三种SNP检测方法简单易行,适于在水产动物SNP标记研究中推广应用;（4）在中国养殖群体中,只有内含子1上的SNPG1070A具有多态性,其它3个多态位点只在美国野生群体中存在多态,证实中国养殖群体的遗传多样性相对较低。     

大口黑鲈IGF-I基因内含子1、3和4序列多态性研究

根据大口黑鲈IGF-I基因的cDNA序列设计引物,克隆IGF-I基因内含子核苷酸序列,采用PCR产物直接测序方法,在中国养殖群体和美国野生群体中筛选IGF-I基因内含子上的多态位点.应用RFLP、CRS-RFLP和SSCP技术建立多态位点的检测方法,同时比较分析其中4个多态位点在两个群体中基因频率分布.结果表明:(1)IGF-I基因内含子1、3和4序列长分别为1 317 bp、712 bp和1 941 bp;(2)在3个内含子上共发现7个多态位点,其中在内含子1的208和1070位为G-A突变;内含子3的第40个碱基为一个 "A" 的插入-缺失突变,第307位为C-T突变,683位是G-A突变;内含子4上的696碱基处有一个20 bp的插入-缺失突变,在1 563位为G-A突变,表明大口黑鲈IGF-I基因序列上存在较多的SNPs;(3)内含子1上SNP G1070A的A等位基因能为Hind III限制性内切酶识别,采用RFLP技术分型.根据内含子1上SNP G208A侧翼序列,设计错配引物,使错配碱基和A等位基因共同形成Taq I酶切位点,建立CRS-RFLP检测方法.内含子4上SNP G1563A采用SSCP检测方法,同时对内含子4上的插入-缺失突变进行PAGE电泳分型.试验结果显示,RFLP、CRS-RFLP和SSCP三种SNP检测方法简单易行,适于在水产动物SNP标记研究中推广应用;(4)在中国养殖群体中,只有内含子1上的SNP G1070A具有多态性,其它3个多态位点只在美国野生群体中存在多态,证实中国养殖群体的遗传多样性相对较低.     

Monocyte-derived human B-cell growth factor identified as interferon-beta 2 (BSF-2, IL-6)

Soluble products of either Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cells or activated monocytes promote the proliferation of EBV-infected B cells and permit their growth at low cell densities. This suggests that growth factors are important for B-cell immortalization by EBV. In this study, a monocyte-derived factor that promotes the growth of EBV-infected b cells was purified and identified as interferon-beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), which is also known as 26-kilodalton protein, B-cell differentiation factor (BSF-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The purified protein has a specific activity of approximately 4 X 10(7) units per milligram of protein in assays of B-cell growth. Thus, IFN-beta 2/BSF-2 is a B-cell growth factor that promotes the proliferation of human B cells infected with EBV.     

Nonidentity of fetuin and protein growth (flattening) factor

Fetuin, a fetal calf serum glycoprotein, appeared to possess activity with cultured mammalian cells similar to that of a protein growth factor partially purified from adult bovine and human sera. Column chromatography, however, yielded highly purified but inactive fetuin. These results leave open questions regarding the role of this interesting and readily purified protein.     

Fibroblast growth factor in the extracellular matrix of dystrophic (mdx) mouse muscle

Polyclonal antibody F547 reacts with a bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and a human recombinant bFGF, but not with bovine acidic fibroblast growth factor. This antibody localized bFGF in the extracellular matrix of mouse skeletal muscle, primarily in the fiber endomysium, which includes the heparin-containing basal lamina. In mdx mouse muscle, which displays persistent regeneration, FGF levels in the extracellular matrix are higher than those in controls. Overabundance of matrix FGF in mdx muscles may be related to an increase in both satellite cell and regenerative activity in the dystrophic muscle and may help explain the benign phenotype of mdx animals compared with the genetically identical human Duchenne muscular dystrophy.     

贵州香猪IGF 1基因的克隆及组织分布

应用RT-PCR技术从香猪肝脏克隆到胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)基因,共612bp,包含完整的开放读码框,与已知猪种的核苷酸相似性为99%~100%,编码的153个氨基酸包括信号肽、前体肽、B、C、A、D、E区,成熟肽仅由B到D区组成(70aa).香猪IGF-1的氨基酸序列与长白猪完全一样,与淞辽黑猪相差一个氨基酸(E区);与人、犬、牛、马等的差异主要集中在信号肽、前体肽和E区,成熟肽完全相同;与小鼠的差异最大,成熟肽区有4个氨基酸不同,其他区域还有11个氨基酸不同.对香猪IGF-1成熟肽的三维结构分析结果显示,蛋白有3个α-螺旋,3对二硫键分别联系α-螺旋的N端和C端.对香猪IGF-1基因的组织分布研究结果显示,IGF-1基因在肝脏、脾、脂肪、软骨、肌肉、子宫组织中均有表达,其中肝脏的表达量最高;脊髓、肺中未检测到表达,提示IGF-1的旁分泌作用具有组织特异性.     

利用转基因番茄表达血管内皮生长因子的研究

【目的】应用基因工程技术,获得表达血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的转基因番茄植株,为以番茄作为生物反应器生产药用蛋白奠定基础。【方法】利用植物偏好的密码子改造合成VEGF基因全长,构建植物表达载体p1390RVEGF,通过农杆菌菌株EHA105介导将其T-DNA区转入到番茄细胞中,再生后获得转基因番茄植株,对其进行分子和蛋白水平检测。【结果】成功构建了植物整株表达载体p1390R-VEGF,建立了高频的番茄再生培养体系;PCR检测、Southern blot和Western blot检测结果表明,VEGF基因已经转入番茄中,并成功得到了表达。【结论】得到了转基因番茄植株和果实,且VEGF蛋白有良好的抗原性。     

Translational potentiation of messenger RNA with secondary structure in Xenopus

Differential translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) with stable secondary structure in the 5' untranslated leader may contribute to the dramatic changes in protein synthetic patterns that occur during oogenesis and early development. Plasmids that contained the bacterial gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and which encoded mRNA with (hpCAT) or without (CAT) a stable hairpin secondary structure in the 5' noncoding region were transcribed in vitro, and the resulting mRNAs were injected into Xenopus oocytes, eggs, and early embryos. During early oogenesis, hpCAT mRNA was translated at less than 3 percent of the efficiency of CAT mRNA. The relative translational potential of hpCAT reached 100 percent in the newly fertilized egg and returned to approximately 3 percent after the midblastula transition.