中华鼢鼠种群年龄结构与发生规律初探

根据中华鼢鼠的尾长、后足长、体重和体长，研究划分出幼鼠组、亚成体组、成体Ⅰ组、成体Ⅱ组、老体鼠组，中华鼢鼠老体仅占20％，成体约占40％，亚成体和幼体占40％。     

天祝县灭鼠工作取得成效

鼠类的危害是我县草原生产力下降的主要原因之一。主要鼠害有中华鼢鼠、长爪沙鼠、蒙古黄鼠、旱獭、达乌尔鼠兔。分布面积达229.5万亩,占草原总面积的40.5%。尤以中华鼢鼠的危害为重。据对永丰乡12.26万亩草场     

中华鼢鼠生活习性观察及防制

中华鼢鼠是甘南碌曲草原上主要害鼠之一。据1980年测定,危害面积占草原总面积的16%,尤以禾本科为主的草场上数量最多,对草原畜牧业的危害极大。为了防制鼠害,保护草场,五年来我们对中华鼢鼠的活动规律、生活习性、危害及防制措施等做了一些探讨和观     

凸颅鼢鼠亚属5个种的主要形态性状变异及其聚类分析

对凸颅鼢鼠亚属的5种鼢鼠有代表性的12个性状变异及其规律加以分析,并对12个性状进行聚类分析。结果表明:(1)体重变异系数最大,达到32.37%,其次为眶间宽,变异系数为16.29%,颅基长的变异范围最小,变异系数仅7.56%;(2)在所测定的4个外部性状及8个头骨性状数据彼此之间都存在极显著正相关关系。(3)甘肃鼢鼠与其他4种鼢鼠关系较远,单独聚为一类,斯氏鼢鼠与罗氏鼢鼠亲缘关系最近。     

从Cyt b基因全序列探讨鼢鼠属Eospalax亚属的分子系统发育

测定了24只鼢鼠,其中包括：9只高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）、6只甘肃鼢鼠（M.cansus）、6只斯氏鼢鼠（M．smith）、3只秦岭鼢鼠（M．rufescens）的细胞色素b基因全序列,分析了鼢鼠属凸颅鼢鼠亚属的遗传多态性。从GenBank获得19条细胞色素b基因全序列,用最大简约化法绘制出43条序列的系统发育树,分析个体间的系统演化关系。研究认为,秦岭鼢鼠和斯氏鼢鼠遗传关系最近,并且与甘肃鼢鼠、高原鼢鼠关系接近;前4种鼢鼠与罗氏鼢鼠,中华鼢鼠和东北鼢鼠依次疏远;草原鼢鼠最早的分歧出来。     

不同环境因子对甘肃鼢鼠体重的影响

为了探究环境因子对甘肃鼢鼠体重的影响,试验采用40 d的甘肃鼢鼠幼仔为研究对象,选取温度、湿度、光照强度三个环境因子进行L_9(3~4)正交试验。结果表明:温度和湿度对甘肃鼢鼠体重的影响效果显著,且高温不利于甘肃鼢鼠的生长。在试验水平下,甘肃鼢鼠的最适生长条件为温度(20±2)℃,湿度90%,光照强度10 lx。     

甘肃子午岭森林草地野猪种群特性研究

通过对甘肃子午岭森林草地野猪种群特性的研究,结果表明,该地区2001年冬季野猪种群结构为成年个体占44.44%,亚成体占55.56%; 2003年2月野猪为1 641±138头,其中成年个体占33.33%,亚成体占28.57%,幼体占38.10%;2次种群结构研究结果均表明,这一地区野猪种群呈现生态正增长.子午岭区野猪发情有季节性,大约在每年的秋季(9-10月);年产1胎,每胎4～5头.     

中华鼢鼠的生物学特性、特征

<正> 中华鼢鼠(Myospalax fontanierii)属啮齿目,仓鼠科,是广泛分布于甘南草原的一种害鼠。据测定,在夏河县分布面积100多万亩,占全县可利用草原面积的10％以上,由于中华鼢鼠的采食挖掘,推土造     

中华鼢鼠对农区草地的危害及防治

农区大多数草地与农田相接,而中华鼢鼠喜食各种农作物.草地也有丰富的植物被中华鼢鼠所喜食,因而中华鼢鼠经常季节性横穿于农田和草地,啃食优良牧草,大量堆积土丘,对草地的破坏性极强,严重影响畜牧业生产.     

圈养金钱豹血液生理生化指标的测定

血液指标是反映动物生理机能和健康状况的重要指标,为了解和掌握圈养金钱豹的血液生理生化指标,测定了56头次金钱豹的40项血液生理生化值,并按年龄和性别进行分组比较。结果显示,血清磷(P)成体金钱豹雌雄间雌性LYMPH、ALB、P高于雄性,差异显著(P<0.05),雌性MO GR、BUN低于雄性,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01);亚成体金钱豹雌雄性之间,雌性CK、AST高于雄性差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),雌性P/O低于雄性差异显著(P<0.05);成体金钱豹雄性与亚成体雄性之间亚成体RBC、LYMPH、Ca、P/O、ALP、P高于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),亚成体WBC、PMN、GLB、ALT、TP、AST低于成体差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01);成体金钱豹雌性与亚成体雌性之间,亚成体ALB、VLDL、Ca、A/G、ALP、P/O、P高于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01),亚成体TP、GLB、AST低于成体,差异显著(P<0.05)或者极显著(P<0.01)。说明了建立金钱豹血液生理生化指标的必要性。     

尖扎县草地鼠虫害现状及防治对策

尖扎县草地害鼠约6种,常见的为高原鼠兔、中华鼢鼠两种,危害面积达3.2×104hm2,占总面积的18.7%。害虫主要有宽须蚁蝗、小翅雏蝗、狭翅雏蝗。由于鼠虫的挖掘和啃食,致使优良牧草减少、水土流失加剧,形成了大面积的次生裸地和寸草不生的“黑土滩”,从“七五”开始,全县累计灭治鼠虫害1.44×105hm2,挽回牧草损失达2.575×105kg,有效地控制了鼠虫害的危害和蔓延。     

供体年龄对德国肉用美利奴羊超数排卵及胚胎移植效果的影响

提高绵羊体内胚胎生产的效率对促进优良品种扩繁及良种推广具有重要意义。为充分利用不同年龄段良种德国肉用美利奴羊,试验选用青年(18月龄,配种未受胎)、老龄(60~72月龄,经产)以及幼龄母羊(7月龄,性成熟前)做供体,用改进的程序进行超数排卵,研究供体年龄与超数排卵和胚胎移植效果的关系。结果表明:①青年、老龄组母羊超排后只均可用胚数分别为10.9枚、10.3枚,显著高于幼龄母羊的6.0枚。青年、老龄组母羊的胚胎经移植后受胎率分别为71.6%、58.3%,显著高于幼龄组的41.7%。②幼龄、青年组回收的胚胎中囊胚所占比例显著高于老龄组,说明幼龄、青年组供体的胚胎发育速度显著快于老龄供体。③青年、老龄组母羊超排前预注小剂量FSH,卵巢黄体数目明显增多,说明能提高超排效果。本试验优化了德国美利奴羊的超排程序,证明年龄显著影响德国美利奴羊的超排效果及胚胎质量,为进一步提高绵羊胚胎移植效率提供了参考依据。     

Immunohistochemical Localization of Transferrin in the Pre- and Postnatal Bovine Brain

The distribution of transferrin in brains from fetuses (age-range: 1–2 to 8–9 months of gestational age), calves, subadult (between 1 day and 9 months old) and adult cattle (>12 months old) were examined by immunohistochemistry. In both pre- and postnatal brains transferrin was predominantly found in oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, transferrin immunostaining was present in single to few neurons, within the lumina of vessels, in endothelial cells, in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and in ependymal cells. A caudorostral progress in the appearance of transferrinpositive cells was found. In fetuses, transferrinpositive mature oligodendrocytes and neurons were not detected before 3–4 months of gestational age. Findings in different brain areas of older fetuses suggest an association between the increase of transferrin-positive oligodendrocytes and the process of myelination. In brains from calves and subadult cattle a continuous decrease of transferrin-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes and neurons was noted.     

CTGF和FGF-2在不同年龄牦牛肺内的分布与表达研究

采用免疫组织化学（IHC）、蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）和实时荧光定量（qRT-PCR）检测方法对初生、幼年、成年及老年牦牛肺中CTGF和FGF-2的准确分布位置及其表达量进行研究。IHC结果显示，CTGF主要分布于终末细支气管黏膜上皮克拉拉细胞和管壁平滑肌细胞，肺动脉内皮细胞以及中膜平滑肌细胞；且在初生组和老年组表达量最高；FGF-2主要分布于终末细支气管管壁平滑肌和肺动脉管壁平滑肌，在所有年龄段都维持较高的表达水平。Western blot结果显示，CTGF和FGF-2在不同年龄组牦牛肺均能检测到表达，CTGF在初生组和老年组表达量显著高于幼年组和成年组（P<0.05）；FGF-2在初生组和幼年组表达量显著高于成年组和老年组（P<0.05）。qRT-PCR结果显示，CTGF在初生组转录水平最高，且各年龄组之间比较差异均显著（P<0.05）；FGF-2在老年组转录水平最高，其次为成年组，与其他组相比差异均显著（P<0.05）。CTGF和FGF-2对牦牛肺适应性结构的形成和适应性过程有关，在初生和老年阶段作用较为显著。     

Effect of host age in the distribution of adult Trichinella zimbabwensis in the small intestines of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Balb C mice

Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Balb C mice were experimentally infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis to determine the effect of host age in the distribution of adult stages in the small intestines. The hamsters and mice were divided into two groups of young and old animals. Hamsters aged 90 days were designated as young and those aged 360 days were designated as old while mice of 30 days of age were designated as young and those aged 90 days as old. To recover the adult parasites of T. zimbabwensis, the small intestines of each animal were separated and divided into four equal parts and each part was slit open longitudinally. The contents were incubated in 0.85% saline for 4 h at 37 degrees C before the adult worms were recovered from the saline. They were fixed in 70% alcohol and counted under a dissecting microscope. In both young and old hamsters and mice, T. zimbabwensis adult worm counts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second segment of the intestines thus invariably reflecting a significantly high count (P < 0.05) in the first (anterior) half of the small intestines. From this study it was demonstrated that host-age had no effect on the distribution of T. zimbabwensis adult worms in the different segments of the small intestines of golden hamsters and Balb C mice.     

Age-related change in shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle in healthy Beagle dogs using ultrasound shear wave elastography

BackgroundMultifidus muscle stiffness decreases in patients with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation; however, age-related changes in humans have not been reported.ObjectivesThe reliability of ultrasound shear wave elastography in dogs, and changes in the shear elastic modulus of the thoracolumbar multifidus muscle with aging in dogs, were investigated.MethodsTwelve beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups based on the age of onset of intervertebral disk herniation: young (aged not exceeding 2 years; 1.3 ± 0.6 years old, n = 5) and adult (4.9 ± 1.2 years old, n = 7). The shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle, from the thirteenth thoracic spine to the fourth lumbar spine, was measured using ultrasound shear wave elastography. The length, cross-sectional area and muscle to fat ratio of the multifidus muscle, and the grade of intervertebral disk degeneration, were assessed using radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations.ResultsThe length and cross-sectional area of the multifidus muscle increased caudally. In the young group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of the thirteenth thoracic spine was less than that of the third lumbar spine. In the adult group, the shear elastic modulus of the multifidus muscle of first and third lumbar spine was lower than that of the same site in the young group.ConclusionsUltrasound can be used to measure shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar multifidus in dogs. If the multifidus muscle stiffness decreases, we should consider age-related change.     

森多地区绵羊放牧育肥适宜时期的研究

对森多地区不同类别的３组藏系绵羊，在６０天的放牧育肥内进行各旬增重率的测定，得出该地区绵羊后期放牧育肥的适宜时期为８月末正１０月上旬。其中１８月龄幼年羯羊组在４０天有效育肥期内的增重和增重率达到５．２６ｋｇ和１７．７４％，分别比３．５岁以上的成年羯羊组高２．０８ｋｇ和１０．９５个百分点；淘汰母羊前期由于哺乳、复壮推迟，但在后期４０天放牧育肥中，绝对增重量达到６．１４ｋｇ，增重率仅低于幼年羯羊组２．     

利用杀鼠剂杀灭中华鼢鼠的试验研究

中华鼢鼠是高寒草地的主要害鼠，其数量多，分布广，危害严重。防治试验表明，药物灭鼠率达８０％，洞道吊投比洞道散比毒饵的灭鼠率高４％，胡萝卜比马铃薯毒饵灭鼠率高５％，大剂量灭鼠效果高于小剂量，灭鼠有效时期为每年５、６月。     

陕北白绒山羊母羊基于年龄的变化规律研究

 为揭示陕北白绒山羊母羊主要体尺、体重、绒产量和绒纤维长度随年龄变化规律,以期为合理组织陕北白绒山羊生产提供基础参数和理论依据。从陕西省陕北白绒山羊种羊场2009年～2011年原始生产记录中共采集1 103只（次）母羊的相关数据,对其进行统计分析。结果表明：（1）2岁以前为4项体尺快速增长期 ,3岁～5岁为缓慢增长期,至5岁时4项体尺已基本达到成年标准;5岁以后4项体尺均基本停止生长,保持稳定状态;（2）3岁以前为体重快速增长阶段,该阶段体重年均增长达40%左右,至3岁时体重已基本达到成年体重（29.32±4.73）kg;4岁以后为体重缓慢增长阶段,母羊体重羁绊保持在(29.32±4.73) kg～(31.63±6.38) kg之间,其年均增长率仅为2.5%左右;（3）3岁以前,随着年龄增长产绒量和绒长度均快速增加,至3岁时均达到其一生中的生长峰值,4岁及其以后二者均不同程度下降,其中产绒量随年龄增加呈缓慢下降,而4岁～8岁母羊的绒长度较3岁时略有下降后,不同年龄母羊绒长度呈不规则的波浪式变化。     

退耕还林还草地鼠类调查及控制对策研究

2002-2003年对青海省大通县退耕还林还草地鼠类组成进行调查研究,捕获鼠类6种728只,以根田鼠Microtus oeconomus和高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi为绝对优势种.4种方法进行退耕还林还草地害鼠控制的结果表明:人工置夹和药物控制是地上害鼠控制的有效方法,人工地箭与灭鼠雷可有效控制地下高原鼢鼠的数量.但从长远来看,控制退耕还林还草地鼠害应采取生态治理的原则和方法.