溶藻弧菌引起红笛鲷发病的诊断报告

从Sndth（1961）在虹鲫鱼的研究中首次报道了鱼弧菌病后，有关弧菌引起海水鱼发病的报道很多。近年来，国内许多学者（孟庆显、愈开康等）相继报道了有关弧菌引起对虾弧菌病，但溶藻弧菌引起鱼苗发病的报道较少。该病以胃肠肿胀、充满浓调粘液为发病特征，在水质条件较差的情况下，本病的发病率和死亡率都很高，造成很大经济损失。本文报道了我县某中外合作企业进口的红笛钢鱼苗发生溶藻弧菌病的诊断情况。回·发病狂况1993年6月19日，我县某中外合作企业进口的5000尾红苗明鱼苗，在暂养期间，发生大量死亡，每天约死100尾。发病鱼约3一4cm…     

不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响

为探讨不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响,以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白质源,以豆油为脂肪源,配制蛋白质水平分别为23%、28%、33%、38%,脂肪水平分别为5%、8%、11%的12种半精制饲料,饲喂初始均重为(27.60±0.13)g的拉氏幼鱼。每种饲料投喂3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养30尾试验鱼,进行60 d的养殖试验。结果表明:饲料蛋白质水平对拉氏幼鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)有显著影响(P0.05),饲料脂肪水平对拉氏幼鱼的PER和FCR有显著影响(P0.05),但饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对各生长性能指标无显著的交互作用(P0.05)。23%和28%蛋白质组的W GR和SGR显著高于33%和38%蛋白质组(P0.05),8%脂肪组的FCR显著低于11%脂肪组(P0.05),与5%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。随着饲料中蛋白质水平的升高,全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量都呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在蛋白质水平为28%时达到最高值,而全鱼水分含量不受饲料蛋白质水平的影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪水平的升高,全鱼粗脂肪含量呈现升高的趋势,但8%和11%脂肪组差异不显著(P0.05)。嗜水气单胞菌攻毒48 h后,低、中蛋白质组(23%和28%蛋白质组)的存活率高于高蛋白质组(33%和38%蛋白质组),低脂肪组(5%脂肪组)的存活率高于其他2个脂肪组(8%和11%组)。综合以上研究结果得出,拉氏幼鱼饲料的适宜蛋能比为23.67~26.03 mg/k J,蛋白质水平为23%~28%,脂肪水平为5%~8%。     

氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学研究

为研究氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的药代动力学特征,在水温(20±2)℃条件下,氟苯尼考以10 mg/kg单剂量腹注和口灌健康红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus),采用HPLC-MS/MS测定组织中的药物浓度,数据用DAS3.0软件分析。结果显示,两种给药方式下红笛鲷血浆药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;腹注给药后血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉的峰浓度(C_(max))分别为10.62μg/m L、8.36、22.57和4.76μg/g,达峰时间(T_(max))分别为1.2、1.0、1.0和6.0 h,消除半衰期(t_(1/2β))分别为29.76、17.84、17.23和19.48 h;口灌给药后血浆、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉的C_(max)分别为2.35μg/m L、1.45μg/g、4.06μg/g和1.73μg/g,T_(max)分别为2.69、1.5、1.5和4.0 h,t_(1/2β)分别为40.59、12.29、37.78和47.34 h。结果表明,腹注给药方式下氟苯尼考在红笛鲷体内的吸收快于口灌给药,在血浆和肝脏中的消除快于口灌给药,在肌肉和肾脏中的消除则慢于口灌给药。研究结果为氟苯尼考在临床上的合理应用提供了科学依据。     

饲料中脂肪含量对翘嘴红鲌幼鱼生长的影响

试验设计6种等氮、等能饲料,研究不同脂肪水平对翘嘴红鲌生长、饲料利用及体组成成分的影响。试验选用平均初始体重为(19.36±2.17)g的翘嘴红鲌,随机分为6个处理组,每组设3个重复每组30尾。试验采用单因素设计,以鱼油为脂肪源,用添加不同水平鱼油(添加量分别为0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的饲料喂养翘嘴红鲌,试验期60d。结果表明,饲料中脂肪含量为7.14%时,试验鱼的特定生长率最大(1.34%/d)、饵料系数最低(1.25),均与饲料脂肪含量为9.26%,但与其余各试验组的差异显著(P<0.05);蛋白效率在饲料中脂肪含量为9.26%时最大,与饲料中脂肪含量为7.14%时无明显差异(P>0.05),而与其余各试验组的差异显著(P<0.05);饲料脂肪含量对翘嘴红鲌体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P<0.05),对翘嘴红鲌体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。用折线回归模型分析饲料脂肪添加量与翘嘴红鲌特定生长率、饲料蛋白效率及饵料系数的变化关系表明,本试验中翘嘴红鲌饲料中脂肪的适宜含量为7.14%~9.26%。     

饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对鲤鱼生长和饲料利用的影响

取324尾初体重为(75.39±0.18)g鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)鱼种,以豆粕为蛋白源,豆油为脂肪源,配制了含有3个蛋白质水平(28％、30％、32％)和3个脂肪水平(3％、6％、9％),共9种试验日粮,在室内养殖系统饲养63 d.结果显示,鱼体末重、增重率和特定生长率受蛋白质水平和脂肪水平影响显著(P...     

甲砜霉素在红笛鲷体内的组织分布和药代动力学研究

研究腹腔注射和口灌给药方式下甲砜霉素在红笛鲷体内的组织分布和药代动力学特征.甲砜霉素单剂量10 mg/（kg· bw）分别腹注和口灌红笛鲷,给药后取血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏,各组织中药物浓度用HPLC-MS/MS测定,所得药时数据用DAS3.0软件分析.结果显示：两种给药方式下红笛鲷血浆药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型;血药达峰时间（tp）分别为2.39和4.51 h,血药浓度峰值（Cmax）分别为5.80和5.06 μ.g/mL,消除半衰期（t1/2β）分别为7.25和50.09 h.腹注和口灌给药肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的Cmax分别为2.504和2.678 μ g/g、4.612和4.393 μg/g、12.464和7.509 μg/g,tp分别为6.0和4.0h、2.0和4.0h、1.5和4.0h;甲砜霉素在红笛鲷体内消除速度较慢,肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的t1/2β分别为37.168和33.519 h、22.499和33.649 h、19.672和8.673 h.结果表明：腹注给药方式下甲砜霉素在红笛鲷体内的吸收快于口灌给药,在血浆和肝脏中的消除快于口灌给药,在肌肉和肾脏中的消除则慢于口灌给药.     

饵料中不同蛋白质、纤维素、脂肪水平对加州鲈鱼生长的影响

以酪蛋白、结晶纤维素、豆油为主要原料 ,对饵料蛋白质含量为39 %、42 %、45 % ,纤维素含量为2.5 %、3.5 %、4.5 % ,脂肪含量为5 %、6 %、7 % ,按正交L9(34)表 ,在水族箱内对加州鲈鱼(Micropterussalmoides)进行饲喂试验。结果表明 ,饵料蛋白质和纤维素三个水平间存在着显著的增重效果和蛋白质效率的差异(P<0.05) ,脂肪三个水平间无论是增重 ,还是蛋白质利用率差异均不显著(P>0.1)。作者建议加州鲈鱼饵料内主要营养素的适宜含量为蛋白质42 %左右 ,纤维素不高于3.5 % ,脂肪不低于6 %。     

日粮脂肪水平对翘嘴红鲌幼鱼生长性能和体组成的影响

本文旨在研究日粮脂肪水平对翘嘴红鲌生长性能及体组成的影响.试验选用平均初始体重为(19.36±2.17)g的翘嘴红鲌540尾,随机分为6组(Ⅰ～Ⅵ组),每组3个重复,每重复30尾试验鱼,分别投喂鱼油水平为0、2%、4%、6%、8%和10%的试验饲料(日粮脂肪水平分别为2.07%、4.28%、7.14%、9.26%、11.17%和15.32%),试验期60 d.结果表明:Ⅲ组的增重率和特定生长率显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组,与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P＞0.05);Ⅲ组的饵料系数显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P＜0.05),与Ⅳ组差异不显著(P＞0.05);Ⅳ组的蛋白质效率最大,显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组(P＜0.05),与Ⅲ组显著不差异(P＞0.05);日粮脂肪水平对翘嘴红鲌体脂肪、蛋白质含量的影响显著(P＜0.05),对翘嘴红鲌体水分和灰分含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).回归模型分析表明翘嘴红鲌达到最优特定生长率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率的日粮脂肪水平分别为7.88%、8.12%和9.18%,其体组成中粗蛋白质含量最高时的日粮脂肪水平为5.68%,经分析确定翘嘴红鲌日粮的适宜脂肪水平为7.88%～9.18%.     

低蛋白质日粮对育肥绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本研究旨在研究降低全混合日粮蛋白质水平对育肥期绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验将32只平均体重为(38.14±0.45)kg的育肥期绵羊随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头.两组绵羊在为期10周的试验期中分别饲喂蛋白质水平为13.5％和8.5％的全混合日粮.结果:将全混合日粮蛋白质水平从13.5％...     

不同蛋白质水平对淡水黑鲷幼鱼生长性能的影响

分别给淡水黑鲷幼鱼(初始体重31．10±1．87 g)喂以蛋白质水平为30．89％、36．67％、40．08％、44．90％和 49．14％的等能颗粒饲料,探讨淡水黑鲷对饲料中蛋白质的需求。室内网箱40 d饲养试验结果表明:饲料中蛋白质含量40．08％时,淡水黑鲷幼鱼的终体重、相对增重率和相对增长率最大,均极显著高于30．89％组(P<0．01)和36．67 ％组(P<0．05);40．08％组的终体长显著高于30．89％组和49．14％组(P<0．05);40．08％组的饲料系数极显著低于 30．89％组(P<0．01),但蛋白质效率显著高于30．89％、36．67％和49．14％组(P<0．05);各组的成活率无显著差异。     

添加不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能的影响

本文旨在研究饲喂不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能及油脂酸价对采食量和体重的影响。试验选用1日龄罗斯308商品肉仔鸡2100只,随机分为7个处理组,每个组10个重复。处理1组添加豆油,处理2组添加鸡鸭油,处理3组添加精炼混合油A(酸价1 mgKOH/g),处理4～6组分别添加不同酸价的劣质混合油A、B和C(酸价分别为8、35 mgKOH/g和53 mgKOH/g),处理7组添加劣质脂肪酸。结果表明,日粮添加劣质脂肪酸组可显著增加8～21、36～42日龄及1～42日龄肉鸡日采食量和料肉比(P<0.05)。劣质混合油C组8～21日龄肉鸡的采食量显著低于其他处理组;而与豆油组比,劣质混合油B和C组8～21日龄肉鸡日增重和21日龄体重显著降低。混合油的酸价与肉鸡采食量及42日龄体重呈负相关,随着酸价的升高,1～42日龄肉鸡平均采食量和42日龄体重逐渐降低,其中劣质混合油C组采食量显著降低。     

Effects of dietary energy levels on Pectoralis major mixed muscle protein turnover and body composition in two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environments

This study determined the Pectoralis (P) major mixed muscle protein turnover (PT) in two meat broiler lines, Line A and Line B, during the finishing grow-out feeding period (21–42 days) as affected by the dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels and ambient temperatures. Experimental finishing diets consisted of 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120% ME of recommended nutrient guidelines for energy level. Fractional synthesis rates (FSR) or fractional degradation rates (FDR) were measured in P. major at day 36 and 42. Protein and fat mass gain were measured, and respective energy retention efficiencies as protein and fat (EREp and EREf) were determined. Metabolic heat production (HP) was also reported. Experimental feeding studies were conducted in cool season (24 hr mean: 69.91˚F and 63.98% RH) and in hot season (24 hr mean: 77.55˚F and 86.04% RH). Results showed that FSR or FDR values were not affected by dietary ME levels at day 36, whereas reduced FSR (p < .05) were observed at day 42 fed diets with reduced ME levels (≤100% ME) which could have resulted from greater maintenance energy requirement of maturing broilers at that age. Broilers fed reduced ME diets (≤100% ME) maintained protein mass (equivalent to broilers fed ≥100%–120% ME) by reduced FDR and increased feed intake. Grow-out ambient temperature did not affect FSR or FDR values across ME levels. Line B retained higher protein mass, lower fat mass and greater HP compared to Line A. This was followed by higher feed intake in Line B. Further, Line B exhibited higher EREp and lower EREf across dietary ME levels. In summary, PT homeostasis and body composition changes in broiler lines studied seemed to be regulated by the birds’ intent to normalize energy intake as per physiological need by controlling feed intake.     

饲粮不同蛋白水平对淮猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白水平对淮猪育肥后期生产性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取48头体重相近的淮猪,公母各半,随机分为3组,即低蛋白组(11.96%)、中蛋白组(13.04%)和高蛋白组(14.16%),每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪,试验期为138 d。结果表明,1)各组猪末重、平均日采食量和平均日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但高蛋白组的料重比显著升高(P<0.05);各组猪屠宰性能无显著影响。2)各组的肌肉pH、肉色评分、失水率以及干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分和肌苷酸的含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但高蛋白会显著提高肌肉粗脂肪和胆固醇的含量(P<0.05);3)高蛋白组猪肌肉中的亚麻酸含量显著高于低蛋白组(P<0.05),而花生四烯酸含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),其他各组之间脂肪酸含量差异不显著。4)低蛋白组的血清中ALB含量显著高于中蛋白组(P<0.05),随着蛋白水平提高,血清中的BUN含量有升高的趋势(P=0.085)。根据本试验结果,饲粮粗蛋白水平为13.04%对淮猪育肥后期生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响效果最佳。     

Effects of dietary lysine/protein ratio and fat levels on growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary lysine/protein ratio and fat levels on the growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs fed feed made from food waste, including noodles and chocolate. Four dietary treatments, 2 levels of lysine/protein ratio (0.035 and 0.046) and 2 levels of fat (3.3% and 6.0%), were adapted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Each diet for the finishing pigs contained the same levels of adequate crude protein (16%) and lysine (0.58–0.75%), and similar levels of high total digestible nutrients (90.2–92.6%). In total, 32 LWD pigs with an average body weight of 57.2 kg were assigned to 4 dietary groups. The pigs were slaughtered at about 115 kg. Growth performance was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Carcass characteristics were slightly influenced by the dietary fat level. As the dietary lysine/protein ratio decreased, the marbling score of Longissimus dorsi muscle increased and the intramuscular fat (IMF) increased from 6.82% to 9.46%. Marbling score was not significantly influenced by the dietary fat level. These results indicate that IMF increased without adverse effects on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality, when pigs were fed a diet with low lysine/protein ratio.     

不同沉淀方法对四倍体刺槐叶蛋白营养成分的影响

对不同加热条件和pH条件下叶蛋白的营养成分进行测定分析,结果表明:不同温度下所提取的叶蛋白中粗蛋白质含量随温度升高呈现上升趋势,65℃时粗蛋白质和磷含量达到最大,随提取温度升高粗纤维和粗脂肪含量逐渐降低;pH为2时,叶蛋白中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪分别为38.49%和8.55%,粗纤维最低仅为1.26%,而氢氧化钠处理下粗灰分、钙和磷的含量略高于盐酸处理。     

Effects of diets with different protein and DL-methionine levels on the growth performance and N-balance of growing minks

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of diets with different protein and dl-methionine (Met) levels on nitrogen (N) retention, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and some blood parameters in growing minks. Eighty healthy male minks were selected and randomly divided into five groups with different types of diet. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 36% (HP) and 28% (LP), corresponding to average 363g and 295g protein/kg DM, respectively. LP was supplemented with Met (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% DM); the codes were LP+M1, LP+M2 and LP+M3, respectively. From July to middle of September, the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio (F/G) of the minks that received the diet with 0.6% Met added to the low protein diet was better than feeding HP and other groups. Fecal N and Urinary N of group LP+M2 were the lowest one, in contrast, the daily retention of N was the highest one. Digestibility of DM and CP were not affected by different diets, but digestibility of fat declined with dietary protein level decreasing. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was affected by different protein and Met levels. Considering all factors the best performance could be observed offering LP+M2, the prime level of Met was 13.87 g/kg DM in dietary, and 258.5 g digestible protein kg(-1) DM was enough for mink in growing period. Furthermore, addition of Met in low protein diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reduced feed expenses and lower nitrogen emissions to the environment.     

The influence of different lipid sources and levels on growth, body composition and haematology of Huso huso

In order to improve feeding and growth of juvenile great sturgeon Huso huso, the effects of various lipid sources in feed were examined. Three hundred juveniles (initial body weight 215 ± 10 g) were distributed into 15 flow-through 1100 l tanks (20 fish per tank). Five experimental diets containing various lipid levels were formulated: diet C (control; without added oil), SO(L) and SO(H) diets containing soybean oil concentrations respectively, (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg), FO(L) and FO(H) diets containing fish oil with low and high concentrations respectively (53.5 vs. 174 g/kg). Fish were fed three times daily based on their appetite for a period of 6 weeks. At the termination of the experiment, growth rate was improved with increasing oil content in the diets. There were significant differences in final weights among fish fed the different experimental diets. Lipid content of muscle and liver significantly increased with increasing dietary lipid levels for both soybean and fish oil. The lowest cholesterol level and the highest haematocrit value were measured in fish fed the FO(H) diet. No significant difference was found among dietary treatments in terms of triacylglycerol concentration, number of red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration (MCHC). According to the most growth indices, results of this study suggest that the best results were observed in FO(H) which can be attributed to the greater palatability of diet containing high fish oil, supply of fatty acid requirement and enhanced physiological performance.