山楂种子层积过程中抑制物质的变化

为研究抑制物质在种子休眠中的作用及层积解除休眠的机理提供理论依据,分别提取、分离了经不同时间层积处理后的山楂种子的种壳、种皮和种仁中的抑制物质.并就白菜种子的发芽进行实验,对各分离相的抑制作用进行了生物测定,以干藏种子作对照,研究其抑制物质的分布及其在层积过程中的变化情况.结果表明:山楂种子的种壳、种皮和种仁中均含有抑制发芽的物质,从种子各部位提取物分离得到的7个分离相中,除种壳和种皮各有1相分离物对白菜种子的萌发没有抑制作用以外,其余各相分离物均能显著地抑制其发芽;抑制物质的作用随着层积时间的延长而逐渐降低;层积至5个月时,种壳和种皮各有4相分离物具有抑制作用.种仁有6相;层积至6个月时,种壳有3相分离物具有抑制作用,种皮和种仁分别有1相与2相;此时种子的休眠仍没有解除,这说明在山楂种子的不同部位存在着抑制物质,这是山楂种子休眠期长的重要原因.     

山楂种子抑制物质的提取分离及生物测定

为了更深入地了解山楂种子的休眠机理,以野生山楂种子为试材,用80%的甲醇溶液对其内果皮、种皮和种胚进行浸提,然后测定提取物对白菜种子发芽的影响;将浸提物分离成A、B、C、D、E、F、G共7相,浓缩后分别测定其对白菜种子发芽的影响。结果表明,山楂种子的内果皮、种皮、种胚均含有发芽抑制物质,其抑制作用依次减弱。7个分离相中除了种皮的A相及内果皮的G相对白菜种子发芽没有影响外,其余各相均显著抑制发芽。     

山楂种子呼吸代谢与休眠的关系

为了探讨山楂种子呼吸代谢与休眠的关系,将山楂种子层积处理一个冬季,测定层积前后呼吸代谢的变化。结果表明,山楂种子经层积处理后,细胞膜透性增加;G6PDH,MDH,CAT和SOD活性提高,呼吸加强;呼吸代谢以磷酸戊糖途径为主,酵解-三羧酸循环和无氧呼吸的总和变化不大,由非糖物质作为呼吸基质的比例显著增加。     

南方红豆杉种子胚乳中发芽抑制物质的活性

对南方红豆杉种子胚乳中的发芽抑制物质进行了研究.用甲醇直接萃取法进行提取,通过GC-MS联用仪进一步分离和鉴定,并分别确定了它们的抑制物浓度.结果表明:南方红豆杉种子胚乳中存在庚酸、壬酸、辛酸、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯4种发芽抑制物质,它们均不同程度地抑制白菜胚根的生长,差异达显著与极显著水平,且浓度越大,抑制作用越强.     

青钱柳种子不同部位发芽抑制物质的测定

对青钱柳种子不同部位乙醚提取液进行了生物测定并对果皮和种皮提取液进行GC-MS鉴定,结果表明:青钱柳种子不同部位乙醚提取液的抑制强度为果皮>种皮>种胚;果皮和种皮乙醚提取液的GC-MS鉴定结果显示,青钱柳种子中存在庚酸、辛酸、棕榈酸和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯等发芽抑制物质。对邻苯二甲酸二乙酯和棕榈酸标准品进行生物测定,确定其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为478.63μL/L和602.56mg/L。     

层积和激素处理对山楂种子生理生化的影响

为了研究山楂种子的体眠机理,以野生山楂种子为试材,经1个冬季的层积后,用200 mg/L GA3和ABA处理种子,测定层积与激素处理对种子生理生化指标的影响.结果表明,野生山楂种子层积1个冬天不能解除休眠,其休眠程度较深,经GA3处理后,少量种子萌发,但只长子叶,胚芽和胚根没有萌动.层积后山楂种子的细胞膜透性增加,呼吸加强,总糖、还原糖和游离氨基酸含量降低,可溶性蛋白质含量增加.CAT和SOD活性增加.POD和PAL活性降低.GA3处理使种子CAT、SOD、POD和PAL活性均有所降低,而ABA处理除了使SOD活性降低外,对其余各酶的影响与GA3的作用相反.     

麻栎种子萌发的抑制机制

栎属(Quercus)广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲、北美洲和非洲大陆,是北半球森林生态系统中的优势种和建群种(周浙昆,1992)。在过去的30多年,亚洲、东北美洲、欧洲及地中海沿岸等均出现栎林的衰退现象(Giertychetal.,2010;Bonneretal.,1987),自然更新过程中有很多因素导致更新成功率低,种子的自然更新远远抵不上栎林的减少量(Houetal.,2010)。因此,栎类容器苗的需求量越来越多。容器育苗要求种子快速整齐地萌发和生长,因为如果萌发延续时间较长,最先长出的叶片会遮住临近的幼苗,并阻挡水分的运输(Giertychetal.,2011)。     

4种野生观赏树木种子发芽试验初报

４种野生观赏树木种子发芽试验初报潘会堂，阎文虎（河北林学院林业经济管理系保定０７１０００）关键词野生观赏树木，种子，休眠，萌发中图分类号Ｓ７２３．１３１．１ＳＥＥＤＧＥＲＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＴＥＳＴＳＯＦＦＯＵＲＷＩＬＤＯＲＮＡＭＥＮＴＡＬＴＲＥＥＳＰａ...     

兴安升麻种子内源抑制物质活性的研究

兴安升麻种子具生理后熟、休眠的生理特性,通过对比实验研究其内源抑制物质存在的部位和抑制作用。用兴安升麻种子制备蒸馏水粗提物、甲醇粗提物,取白菜种子、小麦种子浸于粗提物中进行萌发实验,根据幼苗生长情况测定各粗提物抑制活性。结果表明,兴安升麻种子的种皮和胚乳均存在较高活性的内源抑制物,且抑制作用随着质量浓度的增大而增强。蒸馏水粗提物在相同质量浓度下抑制作用均高于甲醇粗提物。同时,兴安升麻种子不同部位抑制物质的含量存在一定的差异,表现为种皮高于胚乳。     

山楂种子发芽率试验及幼苗生长状况初报

对12种山楂种子分别用浓硫酸浸泡、干湿交替、浓硫酸结合干湿交替3种方法处理,进行促进山楂种壳开裂,提高种子发芽率的试验,观测1年生幼苗生长状况,结果表明辽宁山楂、彰武山楂、甘肃山楂,发芽率高、生长强健,可作为山里红苗木繁育的嫁接砧木。     

黄土高原沟壑区山楂引种栽培试验

在陇东黄土高原沟壑区,引进敞口、绛红、辽红3个山楂品种进行栽培试验。结果表明,3个品种在陇东黄土高原沟壑区能正常生长,造林成活率在90%以上,引种品种以敞口最好,降红次之,辽红较差;在相同立地条件下,不同栽培措施对山楂产量的影响次序是:品种—施氮量—密度;在不同立地类型条件下,不同栽培密度,山楂生长量和成活率有明显差异,立地类型以沟坡为优,梁坡次之,梁峁顶最差,栽培株行距以2 m×4 m为最优。     

应用正态型分布贴近度对山楂引种区的分析

河北兴隆是山楂适生区 ,本文应用正态型分布贴近度 ,分别计算出松山区 5个气候区气候因素与兴隆相应气候因子的贴近度和兴隆、松山区两个地区相应气候因子上的总贴近度 ,由择近原则识别出松山区各气候区气候因素对兴隆相应气候因素贴近顺序 ,为引种山楂提供了科学依据。     

山楂嫁接苗培育技术

山楂在广东省河源紫金县有一定的产业规模,每年推广相当数量良种山楂嫁接苗。文章总结了山楂嫁接苗培育技术,包括砧木培育、嫁接技术和病虫害防治技术。     

黑龙江省不同地域山里红叶的生药鉴定研究

对黑龙江省的不同地域山里红叶药材进行生药鉴定研究,为该药材及其同属药用植物的鉴别及进一步开发研究提供依据。运用性状和显微鉴别方法对黑龙江省山里红叶药材进行鉴定研究。其中显微鉴别分别对叶的表面和叶中脉横切面、电镜扫描的显微特征进行了描述。对三个不同地域叶子的性状和显微特征进行了详细描述,并附有相应电镜图谱。结果表明,不同地域的山里红叶药材的性状及显微特征有有一定差异。     

山楂丛枝病过氧化物同工酶的研究*

山楂丛枝病过氧化物同工酶的研究汪跃，金开璇，张锐，王敏关键词山楂，丛枝病，过氧化物同工酶山楂（Ｃｒａｔａｅｇｕｓｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａｖａｒ．ｍａｊｏｒＮ．Ｅ．Ｂｒ）为我国特产果树，全国种植面积不断扩大，仅北京市即达４００万株左右，成为山区发展经济的...     

Effect of sowing date on seedling emergence of species with seeds enclosed in a stony endocarp

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the natural sequence of temperature conditions between the time of seed sowing and their germination on dormancy release of Prunus avium, P. mahaleb, P. divaricata, P. laurocerasus, P. spinosa, Cornus mas, C. sanguinea, and Celtis australis seeds which are enclosed in a hard stony endocarp. According to their collection date, the seeds (with the endocarp) of the above species were sown outdoor in summer, autumn, and winter and the number of emerged seedlings was counted during the following two springs. For all species, the first sowing date was immediately after seed collection and cleaning. In all species, seedling emergence occurred in early spring and dormancy was released only after the exposure of seeds to specific season conditions. The exposure of seeds of all studied species, except C. australis, to a period of warm temperatures prior to winter was necessary for dormancy breaking and germination. Autumn sowing of P. laurocerasus and C. sanguinea seeds, which were collected in summer, and the sowing immediately after seed collection of the rest species, resulted in a maximum percentage of seedling emergence in the following spring.     

Identification of superior clones by RAPD technology in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xanthoceras sorbifolia</Emphasis> Bge.

It is very important to select and identify superior Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge.trees for purposes of breeding and exploration.For our study,we selected superior X.sorbifolia trees using RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) technology.The results show that certain specific amplification bands emerged with significantly different frequencies between superior and non-superior trees.The 1400-bp band of No.2121 primer emerged in the superior trees at a frequency 2.4 times that of the non-superior tree...     

3种方法提取菠萝蜜叶片和种子总RNA的比较

为了筛选最适的菠萝蜜总RNA提取方法,采用Trizol提取法、Tris-硼酸提取法和试剂盒提取法提取菠萝蜜叶片和种子总RNA,通过紫外分光光度计检测、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、RT-PCR检测以及Agilent2100检测,对提取结果进行比较分析。结果表明:采用这3种方法均能从菠萝蜜叶片和种子中提取到总RNA,Tris-硼酸提取法较其他2种方法所提取的总RNA产率高,但杂质较多;采用Tris-硼酸提取法能提取完整性较好的总RNA,28S、18S和5S清晰可见,但提取质量较试剂盒提取法差;试剂盒提取法省时省力,有明显的28S和18S条带,A260/A280分布在1.92~1.98,A260/A230分布在2.04~2.09,叶片总RNA产率42.3ng/μL,种子总RNA产率15.6ng/μL。RT-PCR检测结果表明在约200bp处存在清晰整洁的电泳条带,Agilent2100检测结果显示杂峰极少,28S峰积分面积约是18S峰积分面积的2倍。经综合评定认为,试剂盒提取法是适合菠萝蜜叶片和种子总RNA提取的方法。     

Changes in the biochemical composition and enzyme activity during dormancy release of Cyclocarya paliurus seeds

Cyclocarya paliurus is only propagated from seeds which have pronounced dormancy. Overcoming seed dormancy is an important component of efficient and cost-effective seedling production of Cyclocarya paliurus. Changes in biochemical composi-tion and enzyme activity were investigated during dormancy release. The activities of all the studied enzymes in the stratified seeds increased significantly, compared to those in the control samples. Of the enzymes examined, the activities of protease increased the most (413.8%), followed by peroxidase (278.7%), lipase (161.0%), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrognase (149.1%) and amylase (60.6%) after 8 months of stratification. Crude fat and protein constituted the bulk of the storage reserves in mature seeds of C. pali-urus. Compared with the seeds before stratification, about 45% of the starch, 46% of the protein and 11% of the crude fat were de-pleted during dormancy release of C. paliurus seeds, while the soluble sugar content was enhanced by 101.5% in the germinating seeds. Correlation analysis showed, during dormancy release of C. paliurus seeds, a close positive relationship between POD and G6PDH activity as well as soluble sugar content and amylase activity, while there was a significant negative relationship between storage substances and their related enzyme activities.     

Variation in germination character of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Leguminosae) seeds at individual tree level

To demonstrate the seed dormancy and germination characters of Robinia pseudoacacia L., an exotic tall tree species in Japan, we applied scarification, cold stratification, diurnal thermal regime, heat shock, and/or winter weathering treatments to the seeds. These characters differed markedly among three seed sources (Trees K, B, and I). Scarification revealed that most seeds from Tree K showed physical dormancy, whereas those from Tree B had no physical dormancy. The seeds from Tree I showed weak physical dormancy so that the seeds eventually germinate without any treatments as time goes by. The physical dormancy in Tree K was broken by a long, high heat shock treatment. The results imply that seeds from Tree K respond to fire in natural conditions. Seeds from Tree I responded to a wide range of thermal regimes, except for long, high heat shock. In contrast, most seeds from Tree B absorbed water during cold stratification and some germinated. However, many seeds from Tree B died in the soil during the winter, presumably because of microbial and fungal infections. Seeds from Trees I and B acquired physical dormancy by weathering during the winter, implying that seedpods that remain in the crown function as an aerial seed bank. R. pseudoacacia may be able to produce various levels in dormancy with respect to the winter condition.