Isolation and characterization of the immunoglobin of pike (Esox lucius L.)

The purification of the immunoglobul in from pike serum and its physicochemical characterization is presented. The immunoglobul in was prepared by means of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge showed a sedimentation constant of 15.0 S. A molecular weight of 650.000 was calculated. The immunoglobulin was composed of heavy and light chains of molecular weights 60.000 and 22.500, respectively. It is likely that the immunoglobulin of pike is composed of 8 heavy and 8 light chains and possesses a tetrameric structure. The heavy chains contain 9.2% sugars and amino sugars. The amino acid composition of the chains is similar to that of other fish immunoglobulins.     

Mixed mesodermal and mesenchymal origin of myotomal muscles in pike (Esox lucius: Teleostei)

During the myotomal myogenesis in pike (Esox lucius) two phases of muscle differentiation can be distinguished. In the first phase, the somite cells-derived stock, the primary myoblasts (of mesodermal origin), fuse to form multinucleate myotubes. Participation of myotomal cells of mesodermal origin is insufficient for further muscle development. In the second stage mesenchymal cells migrate, via myosepts, into the myotome between myotubes. Immunocytochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (marker of S phase of cell cycle) showed their mitotic activity. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the differentiation of these cells depends on their position. Cells remaining in the myosepts develop into fibroblasts and produce collagen fibres, while those that have migrated into the myotomes transform into secondary myoblasts. Mesenchymal cells in the studied species are believed to participate in hypertrophy and hyperplasy of muscle fibres. Thus the muscle fibres in pike (E. lucius) are of mesodermal-mesenchymal origin.     

Composition of seminal plasma and ovarian fluid in Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius

Seminal plasma (SP) and ovarian fluid (OF) plays an important role as storage media to prevent the activation of gametes both in vivo and under artificial conditions. The objectives of this study were to quantify gamete biochemistry and explore correlations among quantitative characteristics of SP, OF and sperm performance traits of Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius. Generally, Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^? were found to be the most dominating ions, although concentrations of K⁺ were higher in SP, while Na⁺ and Cl^? concentrations were higher in OF for both species. Several significant correlations among the biochemical properties such as total protein, glucose, osmolality, cholesterol, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^? and Mg²⁺ were observed for SP and OF. Total protein content of Ide SP was positively correlated with sperm activity traits (r ≥ .89, p ≤ .05), while K⁺ concentration was negatively correlated with sperm traits (r ≥ ?.89, p ≤ .05). Moreover, Ca²⁺ concentration in Northern pike SP was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm motility (r = . 98, p < .01). In conclusion, these results can be used to better understand the biochemistry of SP and OF, improve methods for short‐ and long‐term storage of gametes and standardize fertilization protocols.     

一株新城疫病毒广东分离株的遗传关系分析

根据新城疫病毒已报道的基因序列设计了一对引物,扩增F基因3 ′端374 bp片段,包括F基因信号肽序列和裂解位点.经过RT-PCR、PCR产物测序和序列分析,表明该毒株为基因Ⅶ型强毒株,和中国动物卫生与流行病学中心2009年分离到的毒株NDV09-038相似性最高,可达98％.基因进化树分析表明该毒株与常用疫苗株亲源关系较远,与I系疫苗株Mukteswar相似性为81.4％,与Herts' 33的相似性为84.5％.氨基酸序列分析表明该毒株为典型的强毒株.     

Identification of a strain of infectious bursal disease virus isolated from mosquitoes.

The Becht strain of infectious bursal disease virus was compared with a virus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes and designed 743 virus. The viruses were compared with respect to cell culture host range, cellular changes resulting from viral infections, growth curves, antigenic relationship, and physicochemical characteristics. The viruses are closely comparable in all these properties, and they are considered to be strains of the same virus. In cross comparisons by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 743 virus and infectious bursal disease virus were found to be antigenically identical, confirming the results of the neutralization test. The 743 virus differs from most strains of infectious bursal disease virus in that it is nonpathogenic for chickens.     

河南驻马店地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离菌株生物学特性

为了分析驻马店地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离菌株生物学特性,从驻马店地区不同养殖场中采集患呼吸道疾病猪肺脏、鼻拭子等病料组织74份中分离得到了43株肺炎克雷伯氏菌。采用人工感染小鼠致病性试验、PCR方法和K-B药敏纸片分别检测49株肺炎克雷伯氏菌的致病性、血清型及耐药性。结果显示,30株肺炎克雷伯氏菌对小鼠具有很强的致病性;43株分离菌株以K5、K20为主要流行血清型,分别占分离菌株的37.2%、27.9%;43株分离菌株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、大观霉素等7种药物耐药性较高,耐药率在51.2%以上,对其他药物的耐药率在18.6%~234.9%之间,且呈现多重耐药性,耐10、9种药物分离菌株最多,分别占分离菌株的25.6%、27.9%。本试验为该地区猪源肺炎克雷伯氏菌病的防治提供理论基础。     

一株Class Ⅰ新城疫病毒中国分离株分子特性的研究

对从健康家鸭中分离到的一株Class I新城疫病毒分离株Duck/China/08-004/2008进行了遗传进化特性研究。利用RT-PCR扩增了该分离株F基因的主要功能区片段,并进行了克隆与序列分析。序列测定结果已经登录到GenBank,登录号为EU589149。该分离株F蛋白裂解位点的组成为112E-Q-Q-E-R-L117,具有典型新城疫弱毒株的分子特征。同源性分析表明其与国内普遍使用的弱毒疫苗株LaSota和V4核苷酸的同源性较低(分别为55.4%和57.7%)。通过构建F基因的遗传进化树,结果表明该分离株在分类地位上属于ClassI,与我国目前普遍使用的弱毒疫苗株LaSota(Class II中的基因II型)和V4(Class II中的基因I型)处在不同的进化分支。通过构建57株ClassI新城疫病毒的遗传进化树,表明本分离株与近年来香港活禽市场分离株较为类似,同属于基因3型。     

Gill Reaction to Pollutants from the Tamiš River in Three Freshwater Fish Species,Esox lucius L. 1758, Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and Silurus glanis L. 1758: A Comparative Study

The study evaluated the effects of waterborne pollutants from the Tami? River on gill histology and possible differences in gill reaction patterns between three freshwater fish species, pike Esox lucius L. 1758, pike‐perch Sander lucioperca (L. 1758) and wels catfish Silurus glanis L. 1758 from the Tami? River. Gills from analysed fish species showed moderate to intense histopathological alterations. The most frequent progressive alteration was hyperplasia of epithelium, whereas the most frequent regressive alteration was epithelial lifting. Circulatory disturbances were most often manifested in the form of hyperaemia. During comparative analysis, differences in gill indices, reaction and alteration indices, as well as in gill and filament prevalence between analysed species, were observed. Although all analysed fish species did show both progressive and regressive alterations, there was a significant difference in the level of expression of these reaction patterns. Gill index obtained for pike clearly stands out as the lowest. Wels catfish showed the highest progressive reaction index, significantly higher in comparison with the other two species (P < 0.05), while pike‐perch showed the highest regressive reaction index, also significantly higher in comparison with the other species (P < 0.001). These results may implicate species‐specific gill reactions and thus present a useful tool for better understanding toxic mechanisms of various pollutants.     

Three substrains with different hemagglutination patterns isolated from a Japanese lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus

Three substrains were cloned from chick kidney cell monolayers infected with the Ishii strain of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus isolated in Japan. These substrains, which differed in plaque morphology, were distinguished as having no +24R+ and -24R- patterns in the hemagglutination (HA)-elution test.     

一株野鸭源新城疫病毒F基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)的F基因序列设计了1对特异性引物,成功地对其中一株野鸭源NDV的F基因进行了克隆、测序,并推导其氨基酸序列,选择F基因部分片段绘制了遗传进化树。F基因全长1 662 bp,单一的阅读框架编码553个氨基酸,构成的F蛋白上有13个Cys残基位点和6个潜在的糖基化位点,其裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112R-R-Q-K-116R-117F。遗传进化分析表明,该NDV分离株为基因Ⅶ型NDV,与近年来我国家禽中所报道的NDV的基因型相一致。     

云南黄牛血液中阿卡斑病毒的分离鉴定及S基因序列分析

为了解阿卡斑病毒在云南师宗的流行情况及病毒的遗传特征,本研究在云南师宗设立哨兵动物,2014年5～11月每周1次连续采集血清、血液样品,血清用做AKAV抗体检测,血液在C6/36、BHK-21、MDBK和Vero细胞上进行病毒分离工作,用S基因特异引物对阳性分离物进行鉴定及序列分析。结果显示,15头哨兵动物共采集到28批420份血清、420份血液样品,其中有3头牛和1只羊感染AKAV,从这些样品中分离获得2株AKAV(编号09312D和09312H),它们在BHK-21和MDBK细胞上48 h产生明显CPE。2株新分离AKAV的S片段序列核苷酸同源性为100%,氨基酸同源性为100%,与所引用的9株其他不同地区分离的AKAV的S片段序列核苷酸同源性在83.8%～97.7%之间,氨基酸同源性在90.6%～99.6%之间,且新分离毒株处于同一进化小分支,具有高度亲缘性,形成了一个独立的次级分支,同时与其他2株中国AKAV分离株处于同一进化簇。结果表明,云南省师宗县为AKAV流行地区,病毒在当地活动频繁,新分离得到的2株病毒与其他AKAV毒株具有较高的核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性,提示亚洲太平洋地区AKAV病毒长期流行且关系密切,同时其氨基酸同源性高于核苷酸同源性也提示了AKAV S片段良好的氨基酸遗传稳定性。     

羊口疮病毒内蒙株的生物学特性

为增强羊口疮病毒(ORFV)的基础理论研究及羊口疮的防控等工作,本研究通过将毒株接种羊睾丸细胞进行增殖培养、病毒粒子的形态学观察、超薄切片观察、动物回归、B2L和VIR基因序列的测定与分析等试验,对待检毒株(内蒙古分离株ORFV/nm-W)进行了病毒学和分子生物学的特性研究。结果表明,本分离株能够引起羊睾丸细胞产生明显病变,病变开始出现和出现80%CPE的时间分别为接种后24和72h,病毒滴度TCID50为10-6.5。病毒粒子为椭圆形,在细胞质内增殖,接种毒株的羊只出现典型的CE症状。扩增后的产物经序列分析表明,ORFV/nm-W分离株的B2L基因和VIR基因与GenBank已发布毒株的该序列之间核苷酸同源性分别为96.7%~98.8%,96.2~99.3%,且该分离株与中国陕西株和新疆株同源关系最近。     

Characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

A novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. The case animal was a 19-year old male Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. Focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examination. Other significant microscopic findings included multifocal erosive and ulcerative tracheitis and laryngitis consisting of active laryngeal lymphatic tissue and dilated glands with eosinophilic fluid. The cause of death was attributed to respiratory disease of unknown etiology. In addition to the postmortem isolation of Candida glabrata and mixed bacteria from lung tissue, a virus was isolated from two antemortem affected lung aspirates collected over a 2-month period and two postmortem samples (mediastinal lymph node and left lung tissue homogenate). The morphology of the virions on negative staining and transmission electron microscopy was consistent with that of paramyxoviruses. Two genomic fragments, comprising 532 and 419 nucleotides from the open reading frames that code for the viral polymerase and fusion protein, respectively, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers. Phylogenetic analyses of the two viral RNA segments showed that the isolate comprised a novel virus strain, tentatively named T. truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (TtPIV-1). The virus is monophyletic with, but genetically distinct from, the various bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 strains.     

H5N1亚型禽流感变异株灭活疫苗种毒Re-4株的生物学特性及免疫原性研究

本实验对经反向遗传方法构建的重组禽流感H5N1亚型变异株灭活疫苗种毒Re-4株的生物学特性及免疫效力进行研究.将Re-4株接种SPF鸡胚后37℃培养72 h,鸡胚存活,无病变,HA滴度达29;以0.1 mL(106.0EID50/0.1 mE)的剂量鼻腔感染4周龄SPF鸡7 d后血清HI抗体转阳,无任何症状,也不排毒;SPF鸡静脉致病指数(IVPI)为0;以Re-4重组株为种毒制备灭活疫苗,免疫SPF鸡后,3周后平均HI抗体效价达8.75 log2:免疫鸡对亲本强毒株CKSX/06,以及变异株CKNX/06和流行株GSGD/96攻击提供完全保护.以上结果表明变异株灭活疫苗种毒Re-4株对SPF鸡胚和SPF鸡无致病性、适合鸡胚增殖、抗原针对性强,并且以该毒株制备的灭活疫苗具有良好的免疫效力,是研制预防H5N1亚型禽流感病毒山西变异株的理想疫苗种毒株.