茶斜纹夜蛾的发生与综合防治

针对近年来斜纹夜蛾在华安县茶园为害日趋严重,提出以农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和药剂防治等综合防治措施,为华安县防控茶斜纹夜蛾提供科学依据.     

连云港地区甜菜夜蛾成虫监测技术及在防治上的应用

甜菜夜蛾是连云港地区夏秋季蔬菜上的主要害虫,自2002年以来发生程度均为中等偏重。甜菜夜蛾1年发生5～6代,常年第3～5代为主害代,重发时严重影响蔬菜产量和质量。由于甜菜夜蛾具有成虫产卵量大、卵期短、中高龄幼虫抗药性强的生物学特性,因而防治难度大。防治实践表明,要全面有效控制甜菜夜蛾的危害,做好甜菜夜蛾虫情监测是基础,准确掌握甜菜夜蛾成虫消长动态,对大面积防治     

6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂防治甘蓝夜蛾类害虫田间药效试验

我市夏秋季节蔬菜生产中,十字花科蔬菜的夜蛾类害虫危害十分严重,主要有甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、银纹夜蛾等,均属间隙发生的暴食性害虫,发生量大,高龄幼虫抗药性强,给害虫防治工作带来了很大难度。为此,我们选择美国陶氏益农公司生产的6%乙基多杀菌素(艾绿士)悬浮剂,开展了防治夜蛾类甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾等害虫田间药效试验,取得了     

有机蔬菜生产中斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的综合防治技术

有机蔬菜生产中斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾危害大、防治困难。课题组通过试验示范总结出了一套斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的综合防治措施,包括预测预报技术、农业防治技术、生物和物理防治技术、药剂防治技术等。上海蓝滨生态农业专业合作社应用该项技术后,每年降低用药次数3~5次,减少10%~15%的用药量,每667 m^2可节约防治成本80~120元;甘蓝667 m^2产量达3 150 kg,花椰菜667 m^2产量达1 012 kg。同时精准施药减少了药剂对生态环境的污染,提高了蔬菜产品的品质。     

性诱剂防治斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾试验

斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾是浙江慈溪蔬菜产区的主要灾害性害虫,每年7～10月为害最重.两虫的特点是:寄主作物广,发生突然性,暴食性和偏嗜性,假死、昼伏夜出,低龄幼虫群集和高龄幼虫分散为害等特性.斜纹夜蛾寄主作物多达45科100余种,甜菜夜蛾为30余种.特别是甜菜夜蛾对常规药剂产生抗性,药剂防治十分困难,为探索新的防治途径,特开展了性诱剂防治试验,现报道如下.     

几种药剂防治甘蓝甜菜夜蛾田间防效试验

<正>甜菜夜蛾又名白菜褐夜蛾、玉米夜蛾,属鳞翅目夜蛾科,是一种危害十字花科蔬菜的世界性、多食性、暴发性害虫。20世纪80年代中后期以来,随着陕西关中地区蔬菜产业的不断发展,甜菜夜蛾危害面积不断扩大,成为危害十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一。为寻求甜菜夜蛾快速有效的防治措施,我们对几种药剂进行田间药效试验,旨在筛选防治甜菜夜蛾效果好的药     

注意防治苹果梢夜蛾

苹梢夜蛾属鳞翅目,夜蛾科,又名苹梢鹰夜蛾、台湾下木夜蛾,过去为果园的偶发性害虫。1993年泗水县4万亩苹果幼龄果园,2000亩苗圃中发现该虫危害,并且危害逐年加害。该虫既食叶又蛀果,如防治不及时,常遭受巨大损失。我们经过3年来的观察研究和防治试验,掌握了其活动特点和防治方法。     

草地贪夜蛾对山东玉米的为害情况研究进展

草地贪夜蛾侵入我国后,已经造成大规模迁飞为害.为保护我国粮食作物的产量和品质,总结了草地贪夜蛾在玉米上的发生规律、为害特点以及基础防治措施等方面的研究进展,为有效防治玉米上草地贪夜蛾的为害提供依据.     

几种杀虫剂防治斜纹夜蛾试验

近年来，十字花科蔬菜夜蛾类害虫危害猖獗，并且逐渐由甜菜夜蛾转化为斜纹夜蛾，也就是斜纹夜蛾危害越来越严重，严重影响了十字花科蔬菜的产量和质量，为此我们奉贤区蔬菜技术推广站参与了上海市蔬菜技术推广站斜纹夜蛾的防治试验。参与试验的农药均为低毒生物农药和植物性农药。下面就几种农药防治斜纹夜蛾试验效果作一总结。     

苦·甲维盐对十字花科蔬菜害虫的防效试验

我市夏秋季节十字花科蔬菜上害虫危害十分严重,主要有菜青虫、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、银纹夜蛾等,田间常常是多虫并发,加之甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、银纹夜蛾等害虫的高龄幼虫抗药性很强,一般农药不能奏效,给防治工作带来了很大的难度。为此,我们对课题组自行研制开发的防治十字花科蔬菜害虫的1．0％苦·甲维盐ME进行了田间小区药效试验,以便明确该产品防治十字花科蔬菜害虫的田     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。