Lipids and Tocopherols in Serum and Liver of Female Rats Fed Diets Containing Corn Oil or Cottonseed Oil

Growing female rats were fed diets containing either corn oil (CO) or cottonseed oil (CSO) to determine if the previously reported lowering effect of CSO versus CO on serum total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was sex specific and to compare the effect of these two oils on serum and tissue concentrations of RRR-alpha-tocopherol (α-T) and RRR-gamma-tocopherol (γ-T), the two major tocopherols in these oils. In a 4-week study, groups of rats (n=10 each) were fed diets containing 100 g/kg of either CO or CSO. TC was lower for group CSO than group CO. Serum concentrations of HDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides (TGs), as well as the TC/ HDL-C ratio and the hepatic concentrations of cholesterol and TGs, were unaffected by diet. For serum and liver, between-group differences were noted for the concentrations of α-T (where values were higher for group CSO) and γ-T (where values were lower for group CSO). These differences reflected differences between the oils in their concentrations of these tocopherols. Thus, CSO has a lowering effect on TC for both sexes, but on HDL-C for male animals only; replacement of CO with CSO results in changes in tocopherol status.     

Serum and liver lipids in rats fed diets containing corn oil,cottonseed oil,or a mixture of corn and cottonseed oils

Previous research has demonstrated that the total replacement of corn oil (CO) with cottonseed oil (CSO) in the diets of growing male rats results in a lowering of the total cholesterol (TC) concentration in the serum. It is not, however, known if a partial replacement of dietary CO with CSO would be sufficient to lower TC levels, nor is the effect of replacing dietary CO with CSO on other indices of cholesterol status (e.g., the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C [i.e., very-low and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol], or the TC/HDL-C ratio). Growing male rats were fed diets having CO, CSO, or a CO/CSO (1:1, w/w) oil mixture (OM) as the source of dietary oil (diet groups CO, CSO, and OM, respectively). There were no differences between CO and OM groups for TC, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, or the TC/HDL-C ratio. However, TC was significantly lower (p 0.05)for the CSO group than the CO group (2.85 vs. 3.23 mmol/l, or 110 vs. 125 mg/dl, respectively) as was HDL-C (1.83 vs. 2.13 mmol/l, or 71 vs. 82 mg/dl, respectively), but there were no differences between these groups for non-HDL-C or the TC/HDL-C ratio. Diet had no effect on serum triglycerides (TGs) or on total liver content of either cholesterol or TGs. Thus, partial (50%) replacement of CO with CSO was without effect on any of these serum indices of cholesterol status, but total replacement resulted in lower TC and HDL-C, without affecting non-HDL-C or the TC/HDL-C ratio. Because, relative to CO, CSO has higher levels of saturated fatty acids but lower levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, the cholesterol-lowering effect of CSO appears to be unrelated to its fatty acid composition, and may be caused by a component of its nonsaponifiable fraction.     

海南文昌油棕油脂的脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性研究

采用GC-MS测定了海南文昌小叶杜拉种(E.guineensis-S.L.Dura)油棕果中棕榈油(PO)和棕榈仁油(PKO)的脂肪酸组成,并对二者的体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,PO中总酚含量为(0.014±0.000 2)mg/g,而PKO中未测出多酚;PO及PKO的硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)显著低于空白样品;75%PO对DPPH.的清除能力显著高于Vc、苹果酸和儿茶酸,达98.86%,而PKO对DPPH.的清除能力低于对照;PO中多酚提取物(PO-PF)及75%PKO对Fe2+的络合能力显著高于Vc、苹果酸和儿茶酸;PO-PF和75%PO对Fe3+的还原能力显著高于Vc及苹果酸,75%PKO对Fe3+的还原能力与Vc相当。PO-PF及25%～75%PKO对ABTS+.的清除能力优于Vc和苹果酸。     

Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Influence Liver Triacylglycerol and Insulin Resistance in Rats Fed a High-Fructose Diet

This study aimed to examine the benefits of different amounts of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (FO) on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and gene expression in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: Control (C, n = 6) and Fructose (Fr, n = 32), the latter receiving a diet containing 63% by weight fructose for 60 days. After this period, 24 animals from Fr group were allocated to three groups: FrFO2 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 2% FO plus 5% soybean oil; FrFO5 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 5% FO plus 2% soybean oil; and FrFO7 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 7% FO. Animals were fed these diets for 30 days. Fructose led to an increase in liver weight, hepatic and serum triacylglycerol, serum alanine aminotransferase and HOMA1-IR index. These alterations were reversed by 5% and 7% FO. FO had a dose-dependent effect on expression of genes related to hepatic β-oxidation (increased) and hepatic lipogenesis (decreased). The group receiving the highest FO amount had increased markers of oxidative stress. It is concluded that n-3 fatty acids may be able to reverse the adverse metabolic effects induced by a high fructose diet.     

福建茶树种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析

采用气相色谱法(GC)分析了福建42份茶树(Camellia sinensis (L.)O.Kuntze)种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成,结果表明,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的平均含量为20.59％,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)为50.57％,多不饱和脂肪酸( PUFA)为28.11％;发现茶籽油中含有二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),平均含量为0.11％;参试材料中优良品种茶籽油的脂肪酸组成优于地方品种.选取了11种含量较高或特异成分进行主成分分析,其中硬脂酸、花生酸、棕榈酸和DHA等是构成茶籽油的重要或特征脂肪酸.茶籽油是富含油酸、亚油酸,低芥酸和反式脂肪酸的高品质油脂,具有开发高级食用油脂的潜在价值.     

东北地区大豆品种脂肪酸组成与含量分析

采用气相色谱法,对东北三省选育的172个大豆品种的脂肪酸组分进行了测定,并进行了组分间的相关性分析.结果表明:其中软脂酸和油酸分布趋势是黑龙江＞吉林＞辽宁.硬脂酸和亚油酸表现为辽宁＞吉林＞黑龙江,而亚麻酸的趋势为吉林＞辽宁＞黑龙江.共筛选出亚油酸含量高于57.62%的大豆品种10个,亚麻酸含量低于6.62%的品种10个...     

微胚乳超高油玉米自交系含油量的研究

对一种新型微胚乳超高油玉米育种材料进行连续自交三代,结果发现,自交系的含油量能够遗传,通过对果穗和单粒的选择,S3群体平均含油量已达到(21.65±2.21)%,比S2留种群体含油量高,遗传进度为0.28%;对各果穗的平均粒重与含油量相关关系的研究发现,从S2选取的33个果穗计算的相关系数r1=0.275,未达到显著水平,S3选取69个果穗计算其相关系数r2=-0.023,也未达显著水平,这表明果穗的平均粒重与含油量之间没有显著的相关性。     

Amino Acid, Mineral and Fatty Acid Content of Pumpkin Seeds (Cucurbita spp) and Cyperus esculentus Nuts in the Republic of Niger

Dried seeds and nuts are widely consumed by indigenous populations of the western Sahel, especially those who inhabit rural areas. In light of the need for quantitative information regarding the content of particular nutrients in these plant foods, we collected dried pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds and nuts of Cyperus esculentus in the Republic of Niger and analyzed them for their content of essential amino acids, minerals and trace elements, and fatty acids.On a dry weight basis, pumpkin seed contained 58.8% protein and 29.8% fat. However, the lysine score of the protein was only 65% relative to the FAO/WHO protein standard. The pumpkin seed contained useful amounts of linoleic (92 μg/g dry weight) and the following elements (on a μg per g dry weight basis): potassium (5,790), magnesium (5,690), manganese (49.3), zinc (113), selenium (1.29), copper (15.4), chromium (2.84), and molybdenum (0.81), but low amounts of calcium and iron. Except for potassium (5,573 μg/g dry weight) and chromium (2.88 μg/g dry weight), the C. esculentis nuts contained much less of these same nutrients compared to pumpkin seeds.In conclusion, pumpkin seeds represent a useful source of many nutrients essential to humans. The data in this report should of practical value to public health officials in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa.     

不同环境条件下大豆脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状相关性及通径分析

通过气相色谱法,对3个不同环境下合丰25(亚麻酸含量7.48%)×父本L-5(亚麻酸含量2.66%)的F6代重组自交系籽粒的脂肪酸组分含量进行测定.分析了不同地点的5种脂肪酸的相对含量之间以及与主要农艺性状的相关性.结果表明:不同地点重组自交系内5种脂肪酸的相对含量差异显著,且在不同地理条件下脂肪酸的变异系数变化趋势相同.油酸,亚油酸和亚麻酸之间的相关关系很稳定,均为亚油酸与亚麻酸呈显著正相关,而油酸与二者都呈极显著负相关.亚麻酸与百粒重呈极显著正相关,表明可以利用百粒重对亚麻酸进行间接选择.不同环境条件下脂肪酸含量与百粒重的通径系数不尽相同,说明通过百粒重进行间接选择,只能作为选育低亚麻酸品种的辅助手段.     

高空气球飞行对鸡冠花籽粒产量及籽油脂肪酸组分的影响

利用高空气球搭载了2个品种鸡冠花(CelosiacristataL.)的种子,进行空间诱变处理。飞行高度为40112km,飞行时间近3h54min,回收后播种栽培,采收子一代(SP1)种子,对其千粒重、单株籽粒重、籽油含量和脂肪酸组分进行测定分析,并与地面对照组进行比较。试验结果表明,SP1代种子千粒重、单株籽粒重、分枝穗数均比对照明显增加。2个品种SP1代籽油含量分别比对照提高6.3%、5.1%。籽油中脂肪酸组分无明显变化。但是,主要脂肪酸含量与对照组相比发生显著差异。例如,黄色普通鸡冠籽油中MUFA含量比对照增加38.7%,PUFA则降低8.7%。高空诱变对不同基因型品种的鸡冠花籽油脂肪酸合成产生了不同的效应。      

儿茶素对大白鼠磷脂酰胆碱脂肪酸组成影响的研究

食物中添加绿茶提取物或其含有儿茶素的组分显著地增加了喂养高胆固醇食物3周的大白鼠血液和肝脏微粒体磷脂酰胆碱中的亚油酸比例。喂养不含胆固醇的食物时，儿茶素改变了肝脏微粒体磷脂种类的组成，也增加了其中磷脂酰胆碱中的亚油酸比例。这些结果提示儿茶素能够影响脂肪酸以及磷脂的代谢。     

Fatty acids profile,sterols, tocopherol and squalene content in Fagopyrum tataricum seed milling fractions

There is no data on the lipid profile of Fagopyrum tataricum grain and its milling products. Therefore, we aimed to assess the phytosterol and tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of the samples of F. tataricum. Grain was milled, then the milling product separated to hull, bran, and two flour fractions, differing in particle size. The highest level of lipids (total fatty acids – 83%, with dominant oleic acid – 40%) was observed in the bran fraction (380 μm > GA > 180 μm). All samples contained some natural cis fatty acids, such as vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7; ~2.8%) and tocopherol (α-, β-, δ- and γ-tocopherol). The highest content of total tocopherol was also detected in the bran fraction (0.1% of lipids). The content of lipid soluble bioactive substances was different and depended on the size of obtained fraction, therefore properly designed grain processing technology can be used to produce food with high nutritional value.     

不同品种、地区茶叶籽仁含油量及茶叶籽油中脂肪酸组分和含量差异性分析

为了筛选出含油量高且脂肪酸组分丰富的茶树品种,对9个省区49个茶树品种茶叶籽进行研究.结果发现,不同品种茶树茶叶籽含油量范围为16.29％～33.80％.采用气相色谱法测定各个品种茶叶籽油中脂肪酸的组分和含量,共检测出19种脂肪酸,主要为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和α-亚麻酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的46.00％～72....     

Seaweed Supplements Normalise Metabolic,Cardiovascular and Liver Responses in High-Carbohydrate,High-Fat Fed Rats

Increased seaweed consumption may be linked to the lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in eastern Asia. This study investigated the responses to two tropical green seaweeds, Ulva ohnoi (UO) and Derbesia tenuissima (DT), in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats (330–340 g) were fed either a corn starch-rich diet or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with 25% fructose in drinking water, for 16 weeks. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats showed the signs of metabolic syndrome leading to abdominal obesity, cardiovascular remodelling and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Food was supplemented with 5% dried UO or DT for the final 8 weeks only. UO lowered total final body fat mass by 24%, systolic blood pressure by 29 mmHg, and improved glucose utilisation and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, DT did not change total body fat mass but decreased plasma triglycerides by 38% and total cholesterol by 17%. UO contained 18.1% soluble fibre as part of 40.9% total fibre, and increased magnesium, while DT contained 23.4% total fibre, essentially as insoluble fibre. UO was more effective in reducing metabolic syndrome than DT, possibly due to the increased intake of soluble fibre and magnesium.     

大豆籽粒中脂肪酸组分快速检测方法的比较分析

选取脂肪酸组分含量具有显著差异的5份大豆种质为材料,采用索氏抽提法、改良的籽粒直接甲酯化法和豆粉直接甲酯化法3种方法处理样品,利用气相色谱(GC)技术分析大豆5种脂肪酸棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的组分含量,并对3种样品处理方法进行比较分析.结果显示籽粒直接甲酯化法简便快捷,适用于低世代的单籽粒或半籽粒的样品量...     

大果油茶实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析

为了探讨大果油茶茶籽油脂肪酸组成问题,以实生油茶林丰产单株果实为材料,采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,气相色谱法测定C12~C24脂肪酸含量。结果表明,茶籽油所含脂肪酸种类在实生单株间和年际间均存在差异;茶籽油脂肪酸以不饱和脂肪酸为主,平均相对比重占86.625%,其中又以油酸为主,其含量和相对比重分别平均为79.352%和80.253%;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的相对比重、油酸和亚油酸的含量和相对比重均分别呈极显著、显著或极显著和显著负相关;主要脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸等)含量和相对比重均无显著的实生单株间和年际间差异。可见,大果油茶茶籽油的主要脂肪酸组成在不同实生单株间和年际间均稳定,且都以油酸为主;不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸、油酸和亚油酸可能存在转化关系。     

密度对高油玉米298产量和含油率的影响

以高油玉米298为材料,研究了密度对高油298产量和含油率的影响.结果表明:密度对高油298的产量和含油率有显著影响,随密度增加,高油298的穗粒数、百粒重、子粒的含油率降低;吐丝期光合速率随密度增加而下降;成熟期粒叶比随密度增加而减小;子粒产量均在一定范围内先升后降.在本试验条件下,获得最高子粒产量的密度为60 000株/hm²,产量为7 472.4 kg/hm²,子粒含油率为9.84%,综合考虑子粒产量和含油率二因素,密度为60 000株/hm²时油产量最高,为643.2 kg/hm²。     

Fatty Acids, Sterols, Phenols and Antioxidant Activity of Phoenix theophrasti Fruits Growing in Crete, Greece

In the present study we report the chemical composition of the Cretan Phoenix theophrasti Gr. fruits, in comparison with dates, from its close relative Phoenix dactylifera L. for their nutritional value and their potential exploitation as a source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, lipids and polyphenols. The non polar dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) extract of the fruits was analysed by several techniques (TLC, CC, GC and GC-MS) and was found to consist mainly from fatty acids, hydrocarbons and phytosterols. Palmitic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, 12.49% of total saponifiables, while β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, 29.46% of total unsaponifiable lipid fraction. The polar methanolic extract was examined for its total phenolic content, by the Folin–Ciocalteu assay, as well as for its antioxidant activity through DPPH assay, in comparison with previous studies on the fruits of several Phoenix dactylifera varieties. This fraction was found to possess strong antioxidant activity despite its lower content of phenolic compounds in comparison with previously studied Phoenix dactylifera specimens.     

油棕脂肪酸外运蛋白基因FAX1的克隆及表达分析

油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)原产非洲,是重要的热带木本油料作物,产油效率极高.目前油棕广泛种植在东南亚、非洲、中南美洲和我国的海南、云南、广东、广西等省(区),油棕果实压榨的棕榈油是重要的食用油和工业原料.脂肪酸在植物质体中合成,然后转运到内质网上进行加工和修饰.为了研究油棕脂肪酸的转运机制,...     

Effects of a Fish Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Oxidative Stress in Healthy Rats

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with a lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is easily oxidized, leading to cellular damage. The present study examined the effects of an increased concentration of DHA in fish oil (80% of total fatty acids) on cardiometabolic risk factors and oxidative stress compared to coconut oil, soybean oil, and fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in a balanced ratio. Forty healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were supplemented with corresponding oil for 10 weeks. Supplementation with the fish oil containing 80% DHA decreased plasma fat, plasma total cholesterol and muscle fat compared to the coconut oil and the soybean oil. Increasing concentrations of DHA induced incorporation of DHA and EPA in cell membranes and tissues along with a decrease in ω-6 arachidonic acid. The increase in DHA promoted lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation and antioxidant response. Taken together, the increased concentration of DHA in fish oil reduced fat accumulation compared to the coconut oil and the soybean oil. This benefit was accompanied by high lipid peroxidation and subsequent protein carbonylation in plasma and in liver. In our healthy framework, the slightly higher carbonylation found after receiving fish oil containing 80% DHA might be a protecting mechanism, which fit with the general improvement of antioxidant defense observed in those rats.