硒对镉在鸡体内分布的影响

本试验按照在日粮中分别添加45ppm Cd、45ppm Cd 5ppm Se、45ppm Cd 10ppmSe、45ppm Cd 15ppm Se和仅饲喂基础日粮的处理方法,将成年蛋鸡100只分成5组,对各组鸡在试验40、60、90、120d不同时期肝、肾、心、肌肉组织硒、镉的含量进行了检测.结果表明,硒可降低镉在组织器官的蓄积,且在本试验条件下,随着日被硒水平的增加,其降低效果超明显;硒对镉损害的保护效应,主要取决于日粮中适宜的Sc/Cd摩尔比值,其最适Se/Cd摩尔比约为1:3.     

镉中毒对鸡体内GSH-Px、SOD的影响及硒颉颃效应的研究

选用90只100日龄依沙褐公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,加镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg,加硒镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg Na2SeO322 mg/kg,通过在日粮中添加一定剂量的镉或硒与镉,建立亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃模型;亚慢性镉中毒可致鸡体内血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,构成了镉损伤肝脏的病理学基础。加硒后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

硒对镉中毒鸡免疫功能的保护效应

饲料中添加45ppm镉的鸡,在整个实验期间(120d),ANAE+淋巴细胞百分率、B淋巴细胞EAC花环形成百分率、血清γ-球蛋白含量及血清IgG含量均降低。镉对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫的抑制程度与接触镉的时间长短有关。饲料中添加镉的同时,分别添加5ppm、10ppm、15ppm硒,在实验第60～90d期间能(?)抗镉的免疫毒性,基本维持鸡的正常免疫功能,其中以加10ppm硒的保护效应为佳。     

硒对氟中毒鸡肝肾GSH-Px活性及其mRNA表达的影响

为探讨硒对氟中毒鸡肝肾组织GSH-Px活性及其mRNA表达的影响,选取180只7日龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组60只.Ⅰ组:正常对照组,饲喂全价日粮;Ⅱ组:氟中毒组,在正常日粮中添加氟化钠(NaF),使日粮中氟含量为1 000mg/kg日粮;Ⅲ组:加硒组,在氟中毒组日粮基础上添加亚硒酸钠(Na<,2>SeO<,3>),使日粮中硒含量为4mg/kg日粮.试验期为90d,每隔30d采样,进行肝脏和肾脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的检测以及GSH-Px mRNA转录水平的测定.结果表明加硒组肝脏和肾脏GSH-Px活性和GSH-Px mRNA转录水平在各时间点均高于氟中毒组(P<0.05).说明日粮中加硒可在一定程度上颉颃氟所致鸡肝肾组织脂质过氧化作用.     

鸡亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃效应的肝脏亚微结构变化

为深入探讨镉致动物肝毒性的机制及硒颉颃效应,选用90只100日龄伊沙褐公鸡随机分为3组,通过在日粮中添加一定剂量的镉及硒与镉,建立亚慢性镉中毒或硒颉颃模型;用透射电镜观察亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃鸡肝脏的亚微结构变化。证实亚慢性镉中毒可引起鸡肝脏细胞的损伤,造成线粒体、溶酶体等细胞器受损;出现大片细胞萎缩、坏死、凋亡。结果表明,硒能有效地降低镉对细胞器的损伤,减少细胞凋亡数量。     

镉对鸡抗氧化系统功能的影响及硒颉颃的效应

30只100日龄海兰公鸡随机分为对照组、加镉组、加硒镉组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,加镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg,加硒镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg Se 10 mg/kg,分笼常规饲养,试验期为60 d,复制出鸡亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃模型.试验结果显示,睾丸脏器系数为对照组、加硒镉组至加镉组依次降低;血清和睾丸中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为对照组、加硒镉组至加镉组依次降低,变化比较明显;血清和睾丸中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为对照组、加硒镉组至加镉组依次降低,变化比较明显;血清和睾丸中丙二醛(MDA)含量为对照组、加硒镉组至加镉组依次升高.揭示了镉对鸡抗氧化系统功能的影响,构成了镉损伤机体的病理学基础.补硒后可降低镉的损伤.     

不同硒源对济宁百日鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量影响的研究

本试验旨在研究不同硒源对济宁百日鸡生产性能、鸡只健康状况、蛋中硒含量的影响,共设计2个试验。试验Ⅰ：25周龄济宁百日鸡200只随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠、酵母硒与蛋氨酸硒三种不同含硒添加剂,硒源添加水平以饲料中硒元素0.4 mg/kg计算;预饲期为7 d,正式饲养试验持续56 d。试验Ⅱ：35周龄济宁百日鸡200只随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮中添加含0.4、0.6、0.8 mg/kg硒水平的蛋氨酸硒。预饲期为7 d,正式饲养试验持续28 d。试验结果表明：在本试验条件下,添加有机硒源组生产性能略高于无机硒源组和对照组,但各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;饲料中添加有机硒源,比无机硒源更能促进济宁百日鸡鸡蛋中硒的沉积,且有机硒源中,蛋氨酸硒比酵母硒在鸡蛋富硒过程中转化效率更高;不同浓度的蛋氨酸硒均可显著提高济宁百日鸡鸡蛋中的硒含量（P<0.05）,综合比较以蛋氨酸硒在基础日粮中的硒水平浓度为0.6 mg/kg最适宜。     

育成鸡有机硒中毒实验研究

本试验用硒中毒地块玉米进行了实验研究,结果表明:试验Ⅰ组(日粮含Se8.06ppm)、Ⅱ组(日粮含Se 13.08ppm)于饲喂后第9天出现了中毒症状,第43天出现了死亡,对照组(日粮含Se 0.1164ppm)发育良好,无异常表现;第10天试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组Se GSH-px活性明显升高,组间差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组迫杀和试验Ⅱ组死亡鸡组织中硒含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01),组间差异显著(P<0.01),组织中硒水平顺序为肝>肾>胸肌>心肌;病理变化试验组以肝脏灶状坏死、心肌萎缩变性、肾曲细管上皮细胞变性坏死为主,对照组未见明显的一致性病变。     

纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加纳米硒对黄淮肉羊体内硒沉积及肉品质的影响。试验将60只3月龄、体重大小一致的健康黄淮肉羊随机分为3组，Ⅰ组：基础日粮，Ⅱ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.3 ppm,Ⅲ组：基础日粮中添加纳米硒0.4 ppm。预试验7 d，正式试验期60 d。结果表明：（1）与I组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著增加黄淮肉羊血清、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏和背最长肌组织中的硒含量（P<0.05）;(2)与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊血清、肝脏、背最长肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平（P<0.05）;(3)与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮中添加纳米硒可显著提高黄淮肉羊肉色a值（P<0.05），改善肉品质。综上所述，黄淮肉羊日粮中以纳米硒作为硒源添加，可显著提高机体抗氧化能力，改善羊肉品质，各组织硒含量随日粮中纳米硒添加水平的增加而提高。     

纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响

试验选用1日龄艾维茵(Avian)肉鸡225只,随机分为5个处理组,每组设3个重复,研究纳米硒对肉鸡肝脏硒含量和抗氧化能力的影响。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加纳米硒0、0.15、0.3、0.6、1.2mg/kg,基础日粮组为对照组,试验期6周。结果表明:42日龄时,日粮中添加纳米硒显著提高了肝脏总抗氧化能力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力、总超氧化物歧化酶活力、抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),显著降低了肝脏丙二醛含量、一氧化氮含量(P<0.05),极显著提高了肝脏硒含量(P<0.01)。而且随日粮中纳米硒添加量的增加,肝脏抗氧化能力和硒含量均呈二次曲线关系。因此,肉鸡日粮中纳米硒的适宜添加水平为0.7～1.0mg/kg。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.