Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver microsomes of mice and rats by softwood bedding

Induction of three drug-metabolizing enzymes occurred in liver microsomes of mice and rats kept on softwood bedding of either red cedar, white pine, or ponderosa pine. This induction was reversed when animals were placed on hardwood bedding composed of a mixture of beech, birch, and maple. Differences in the capacity of various beddings to induce may partially explain divergent results of studies on drug-metabolizing enzymes. The presence of such inducing substances in the environment may influence the pharmacologic responsiveness of animals to a wide variety of drugs.     

不同钼水平对生长猪肝脏、肾脏亚硫酸氧化酶活性及尿中SO_3~(2-)、SO_4~(2-)的影响

在生长猪低钼低硒基础饲粮内,分别添加0、10、100ppm钼(钼酸铵),测定了猪肝、肾组织亚硫酸氧化酶活性、尿中SO_3~2-/SO_4~(2-)以及尿中SO_3~(2-)和SO_4~(2-)日排出量。结果初步表明:加钼能提高组织亚硫酸氧化酶活性,减少尿中SO_3~(2-)排出,提高SO_4~(2-)排出,降低尿中SO_2~(2-)/SO_4~(2-)。肝脏亚硫酸氧化酶活性与尿中SO_3~(2-)/SO_4~(2-)和SO_3~(2-)排出呈显著的强负相关,肾脏亚硫酸氧化酶活性与尿中SO_4~(2-)的排出量呈中等正相关。     

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: metabolism and disposition in long-term marihuana smokers

Radioactively labeled delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta(9)THC) administered intravenously to chronic marihuana smokers disappeared from the blood plasma with a half-life of 28 hours as compared to 57 hours for nonusers of marihuana. Apparent volumes of distribution did not significantly differ between the two groups. Within 10 minutes after administration of delta(9)THC, 11-hydroxy-delta(9)THC is present in the plasma of nonusers and chronic users. This metabolite was also present in urine and feces of nonusers and long-term marihuana smokers. In addition, polar metabolites were excreted in urine and feces of both groups for more than 1 week.     

N-cyclohexyl linoleamide: metabolism and cholesterol-lowering effect in rats

More than half of orally administered N-cyclohexyl linoleamide-car-boxyl-C(14) yl-CI was recovered from feces of rats, and 30 to 50 percent of the absorbed carbon-14 activity was excreted in urine. N-Cyclohexyl linoleamide had an inhibitory eflect on the absorption of cholesterol from the thoracic duct and caused a decrease in the deposition of cholesterol in the livers of rats that had been fed cholesterol.     

Chemically induced porphyria: prevention by prior treatment with phenobarbital

The excessive induction of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase in rats after the administration of porphyria-inducing compounds is prevented by prior treatment with phenobarbital. Studies in vivo and in vitro indicate that phenobarbital prevents the induction of chemical porphyria by increasing the rate of detoxification of inducers by way of drug-metabolizing enzymes of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum.     

亚硒酸钠对镉中毒预防和治疗的研究

大鼠补饲对亚硒酸钠可以减少镉在体内沉着，促进镉的排泄。在镉污染期间补饲亚硒酸钠虽可使粪便镉排泄增多３．６７％～３５．５７％，尿液镉排泄减少９．５８％～１７．０５％，但差异均不显著，在停止镉污染后继续补饲硒，则可大大促进镉的粪、尿排泄，补饲硒越多，排泄镉越多。试验中补饲５，１０，１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料硒，与未补硒的相比，可分别使粪便镉排泄增多５８．４０％，１０５．７８％，１７１．１７％，尿镉排泄分别增多２８．５７％，３３．４２％，１２６．９８％，差异极显著。这一现象可能与硒在体内促使与金属硫蛋白结合的镉向分子量较大的蛋白质转移，并有利于向胆汁或尿液排泄有关。     

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA IN THE WHITE RAT

Experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that white rats fed only fresh whole milk secured enough minerals from their cages to prevent anemia. Animals consuming large amounts of milk became anemic more quickly than those limited to small amounts. Access to feces delayed somewhat the onset of anemia. These results probably explain some of the conflicting data reported in the literature and also raise a question regarding the correctness of conclusions drawn from experiments in which recognition was not given the factors shown in this study to be important.     

LONG-TERM ISOLATION STRESS IN RATS

Rats isolated for long periods became nervous and aggressive and developed caudal dermatitis ( scaly tail). After 13 weeks of isolation, rats had heavier adrenals and thyroid and lighter spleen and thymus compared with rats kept in community cages. This indicates an endocrinopathy with hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex.     

11-hydroxy- 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol: pharmacology, disposition, and metabolism of a major metabolite of marihuana in man

11-Hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, administered intravenously to man, produces psychologic and pharmacologic effects that persist for several hours. The drug and its metabolites are excreted in urine and feces for more than 1 week. The pharmacology, disposition, and metabolism of 11-hydroxy-Delta(9)-tetra-hydrocannabinol mimic that of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, thus providing evidence that Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (the major active component of marihuana) is converted to the 11-hydroxy compound in man, the latter compound being responsible for the effects.     

术前饥饿处理对马氏珠母贝血淋巴免疫机能的影响

在室内养殖条件下研究了术前限食处理对马氏珠母贝血淋巴细胞密度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LSZ)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性的影响。实验设置每天投喂一次和两天投喂一次两个处理组,每天投喂两次为对照组,分别在实验开始和第1、2、3和4周取样检测血淋巴免疫功能。结果显示:限食1周后,马氏珠母贝血细胞密度、SOD、CAT、LSZ、ACP和AKP等酶活性均随限食程度的增加呈下降趋势,2个限食处理组的免疫参数较对照组明显下降,并表现出显著性差异(P0.05),两天投喂一次处理组的各项免疫机能均显著低于对照组,且这种趋势一直延续至第4周。据此推断,限食可以显著降低插核手术贝的生理机能和免疫活性,为马氏珠母贝育珠术前处理提供理论依据。     

低温和硒对育雏期笼养蛋鸭生长性能及内分泌的影响

以1日龄蛋雏鸭为试验动物,采用2×3(温度×硒)重复实验设计,研究适温、低温环境下日粮中添加不同水平的硒(0.2、0.4、0.8mg.kg-1)对育雏期笼养蛋鸭生长性能、内分泌的影响。结果表明,低温显著降低试验各周及全期的日增重(P<0.05),并使料重比显著增加(P<0.05),低温使试验各周的日采食量显著增加(P<0.05),全期虽不显著但有增加趋势;添加0.4mg.kg-1的硒能最有效提高日增重并降低日采食量和料重比,但差异不显著。低温使血清T3水平显著升高(P<0.01),T4水平有升高的趋势。在适温和低温环境下提高硒水平使T3有降低趋势,T4先升高后降低,但总体有升高趋势。低温环境下,血清皮质醇浓度较适温环境略有升高,提高硒添加水平,可使血清皮质醇浓度有降低的趋势。综合试验结果可知,低温使蛋雏鸭的生长性能下降;低温环境下添加0.4mg.kg-1硒在改善生长性能、调节内分泌等方面较其它添加水平作用更明显,能在一定程度上减缓低温对育雏的影响。     

Alpha-naphthoflavone: an inhibitor of hydrocarbon cytotoxicity and microsomal hydroxylase

Alpha-naphthoflavone inhibits the metabolism of 3,4-benzopyrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in hamster enlbryo cell cultures and protects the cells against the inhibition of cell multiplication by these carcinogens. Alphla-nalphthoflavone also inhibits the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in homogenates of induced hamster embryo cells and in liver microsomes from rats previously treated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but not in microsomes from control rats.     

基于还田视角的人粪尿处理研究进展

人粪尿中含有丰富的有机物和N、P、K等矿质营养物质,还田利用不仅可有效降低污水处理系统污染负荷,而且可代替部分化肥,促进绿色农业的发展。然而人粪尿直接还田存在环境风险,且尚未形成标准化处理模式。本文基于还田视角,归纳总结了国内外人粪尿还田技术的应用现状,结合人粪尿的特性,阐述了人粪尿主要处理技术的还田效应以及安全性,并且对各种技术进行了安全评估和比较。结果表明,厌氧消化、好氧堆肥技术在无标准规范下处理人粪不能保证还田的安全性,制备生物炭基肥还田具有安全可靠、减少农业碳排放等环境效益,水热炭化技术处理含水率较高的人粪具有独特的优势。尿液经储存还田仍存在微污染物风险,鸟粪石沉淀技术具有很好替代潜力,其他技术均停留在微污染物去除和营养物质回收的研究阶段。本文提出了人粪尿还田面临的问题和挑战,以及未来的研究方向,以期为人粪尿还田技术的合理选择和标准化、规范化研究提供参考。     

本交笼养海兰褐父母代种鸡生长曲线拟合研究

旨在筛选适合本交笼饲养海兰褐父母代种鸡的体重生长曲线模型。120 000只海兰褐父母代种鸡来自江西华裕家禽育种有限公司。第1～12周饲喂于育雏场,13周转入至种鸡场本交笼内饲养。每周测定试验鸡体重,采用Logistic模型?Gompertz模型和Von Bertalanffy模型对其体重进行拟合。1～12周龄雏鸡（公雏和母雏）的体重均呈上升趋势,并且公雏的体重生长速度快于母雏。产蛋期母鸡体重总体呈上升趋势,但部分时期呈轻微波动。Gompertz模型是最适用于雏鸡体重的拟合,而3种模型均可用于产蛋期母鸡体重的拟合。产蛋期母鸡的实际观测值以及拟合值均高于该时期母鸡标准体重上限,建议应在充分满足母鸡营养需要的前提下适当减少饲料饲喂量。研究结果为提高本交笼养种鸡生产性能和经济效益提供参考。     

好气和淹水处理间苏南水稻土有机碳矿化量差异的变化特征#br#

 【目的】探讨好气与淹水处理间水稻土有机碳矿化量差异的变化特征。【方法】采集江苏省常熟市全市范围的代表性水稻土样品并布置室内好气与淹水处理的恒温培育试验,观测土壤有机碳矿化的动态过程及矿化量变化,比较分析不同水分状况处理的土壤有机碳矿化量差异及形成机制。【结果】培养过程中不同水分状况处理下土壤有机碳日均矿化量变化趋势有显著差异,好气处理下培养前期迅速下降,而淹水处理下则迅速升高,并均在培养10 d后趋于稳定;好气与淹水处理间有机碳日均矿化量差异主要表现在培养前期,随培养时间延长而不断减小,以致培养后期差异不明显。好气处理下土壤的基础呼吸强度、有机碳日均矿化量和累计矿化量分别是淹水处理的2.26—19.11、0.96—2.41、0.96—2.41倍。统计分析表明,土壤中微生物生物量碳、氮含量越高则好气与淹水处理间呼吸强度差异越大,而若土壤中微生物生物量氮、水溶性有机碳含量越高则好气与淹水处理间土壤有机碳日均矿化量差异越大。【结论】淹水处理造成土壤微生物活性降低是导致土壤呼吸强度下降的主要原因,而在整个培养过程中土壤有机碳矿化量的变化还与水溶性有机碳含量有关。     

大鼠对不同加工方法的大豆蛋白的利用

本研究探讨了不同处理的大豆饼(粕)(生豆粕、膨化生豆粕、膨化生豆饼、膨化全脂大豆、膨化熟豆粕)对大鼠生长发育、氮平衡以及大鼠肠内膜形态等生理指标的影响。饲养试验和代谢试验结果表明:生豆粕处理组的日增重、采食量显著低于各膨化处理组(P<0.01),而饲料增重比则显著低于各膨化处理组(P<0.01)。生豆粕处理组的氮消化率和净利用率也低于各处理组(P<0.05)。膨化处理以后可改善大鼠的肠绒毛长度及隐窝深度。抗胰蛋白酶活性,及尿酶活性破坏率分别为29%～76%和65%～94%由此可以说明:大豆饼(粕)经膨化加工,处理以后,可有效地提高其营养价值及饲用价伉。     

不同环境条件对紫色大白菜花青素稳定性的影响

以紫色大白菜为试材,研究了不同环境条件(光照、温度、pH值)下对花青素稳定性的影响。结果表明:在自然光照1～3 d内紫色大白菜花青素保存率在80%以上;紫色大白菜花青素具有一定的耐热性,但受热温度不能超过60℃;紫色大白菜花青素受pH值影响较大,为使紫色大白菜花青素保持稳定,溶液pH值应维持在酸性环境。     

浅析新型发酵床生态养鸡技术

利用发酵床养鸡是运用多种有益微生物,快速的分解鸡的粪尿,是其达到无臭味、无污染、零排放的一种生态养鸡技术。新型发酵床养鸡具有可以反复多次利用垫料,且在高温高湿环境下发酵床不会发热的特点。主要介绍了发酵床养鸡原理、鸡(舍)棚建造、发酵床制作及日常管理等技术要点,供养殖者参考。     

Social rank in house mice: differentiation revealed by ultraviolet visualization of urinary marking patterns

Ultraviolet light has been used to examine urine marks deposited by adult male house mice on filter paper on the floors of their cages during overnight tests. Both the urination frequency and the pattern in which urine was deposited on the filter paper depended upon social rank. Dominant males vigorously marked their entire cage floor, whereas subordinate males typically voided urine in only two to four pools in the corners of their cages.     

埃索美拉唑与奥美拉唑三联疗法治疗十二指肠球部溃疡的愈合率及Hp根除率比较

目的:观察埃索美拉唑、奥美拉唑三联疗法两周治疗十二指肠球部溃疡的愈合率及Hp根除率比较。方法:幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性的十二肠球部溃疡A1期患者113例随机分为两组:埃索美拉唑组57例,奥美拉唑组56例。两组均先给予三联治疗(埃索美拉唑20mg或奥美拉唑20mg 阿莫西林lg 克拉霉素500mg,2次/d),连续7d,然后分别单独给予埃索美拉唑20mg(1次/d)或奥美拉唑20mg(1次/d)7d,停药后4～6周复查内镜并检测Hp,观察溃疡的愈合情况及Hp根除率。结果:埃索美拉唑组d1和d2腹痛缓解率分别为35.1%和61.4%,高于奥美拉唑组的16.1%和37.5%(P<0.05)。埃索美拉唑组和奥美拉唑组2周溃疡愈合率分别为93.0%和80.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hp根除率分别为89.5%和80.4%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:埃索美拉唑三联疗法2周治疗十二指肠球部溃疡在缓解腹痛及溃疡愈合率均优于奥美拉唑。