高山龙胆种子萌发特性研究

为了解高山龙胆种子萌发的适宜条件,[方法]研究了不同温度、不同光照条件和不同赤霉素浓度处理对种子萌发的影响。研究结果表明,不同温度对高山龙胆种子的发芽率影响明显,低温(5 ℃)和高温(35 ℃)严重抑制种子萌发,25 ℃是高山龙胆种子萌发的最理想温度,发芽率达到68.9%。光照条件对高山龙胆种子萌发具有显著的影响,黑暗条件不利于种子萌发。赤霉素处理对高山龙胆种子的发芽势和发芽率均有促进作用,但过高的浓度会阻碍种子萌发,以300-400 mg/L的赤霉素处理种子最为适宜,发芽率可达85%以上。 [结论]因此,高山龙胆种子发芽最适温度为25 ℃,且种子需光萌发,300-400 mg/L的赤霉素处理可以明显提高种子发芽率。     

野鸢尾种子萌发特性的研究

对野鸢尾(Iris dichotoma Pallas.)种子萌发特性进行了研究.结果表明,野鸢尾种子生活力为100.0%;种子含水量为8.4%,具有良好的吸水性;温水浸种最适起始水温为80 ℃;种子萌发最适温度为变温30℃/20℃;光照对野鸢尾种子萌发有显著影响,最适光照条件为8 h;赤霉素对种子萌芽率影响不显著,但处理后发芽整齐,最适浓度为100 mg/L;种子不存在休眠,不适宜低温沙藏,室温干藏的效果更好.     

刺山柑种子休眠及萌发特性研究

以刺山柑种子为材料，研究干藏、埋藏和层积处理后不同温度、光照、赤霉素浓度对刺山柑种子萌发的影响，探讨刺山柑种子的休眠类型和萌发特性。结果表明，刺山柑种子存在非深度生理休眠，千粒重(3.931 6±0.096 2)g,种子活力为98%;最适萌发温度为15℃/2℃;埋藏和低温层积能解除种子休眠；赤霉素能显著提高种子的萌发率(p<0.05),光照不是种子萌发的必要条件；干藏对种子的萌发率无显著性影响(p<0.05)。     

大叶千斤拔种子萌发特性研究

探讨大叶千斤拔种子发芽最佳基本条件和种子的寿命,为栽培生产提供科学依据。测定种子的吸水率;通过磨破种皮、热水处理和浓硫酸处理等找到破除种子硬实的最佳方法;考察不同温度和光照、发芽床、贮藏对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,大叶千斤拔种子吸水率为31.26%,种皮透水性差是影响种子发芽的关键因素。种子适宜萌发的温度范围为25～30℃,发芽前用磨擦种皮+80℃热水浸种4 h的方法可使种子的发芽率提高到66.67%;光照和发芽床对种子萌发无显著影响。种子在4℃低温条件下贮藏3年发芽率仍有61%,贮藏4年发芽率降至32%。综上,大叶千斤拔种子为硬实性种子,发芽前需要预处理;种子为高温萌发型、光中性种子;种子寿命在4年以上。     

丹参种子的萌发特性研究

通过研究光照、温度、pH值、赤霉素和覆土厚度等条件处理对丹参种子萌发的影响,探讨了丹参种子的萌发特性。结果表明,丹参种子最适宜的萌发温度为20~25℃,在适宜的温度下,全光照比无光照的发芽势和发芽率都高,对pH值的适宜范围比较宽,在pH值为2~10范围内均可萌发,赤霉素对丹参种子的萌发作用不明显,种子最适覆土厚度为1.0 cm,最适贮藏时间为6个月,生产中建议随采随播。     

伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)种子萌发特性研究

为研究伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)种子的萌发特性,根据伊犁郁金香在自然环境中先经历夏季高温,再渡过严寒的冬季之后再萌发的特点,探讨夏季室温储藏、冬季低温贮藏的时间和二者的交互作用及赤霉素(GA3)对打破种子休眠的影响.结果表明:15/2℃是伊犁郁金香种子较为理想的萌发条件;新鲜伊犁郁金香种子在5℃条件下贮藏15d或在室温下储藏30d有助于打破种子休眠;800 mg/L的GA3对新鲜种子萌发率的影响较大.由此可见,低温是伊犁郁金香种子萌发的首要条件,种子的休眠类型为胚后熟引起的休眠,而种皮的机械阻碍作用也是引起其休眠的原因之一.     

西南鸢尾种子萌发特性初步研究

以西南鸢尾种子为研究对象,从种皮透水性、不同光温条件下种子萌发率以及低温湿沙层积和赤霉素处理对打破种子休眠的效应等方面对西南鸢尾种子萌发特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,种皮透水性良好,在浸水2h后吸水量迅速增加,在48h后达到吸水高峰。4种恒温15、20、25、30℃和3种变温20／10、25／15、30／20℃条件下,发现种子萌发最适温度为30／20℃,同时有光条件下的种子萌发率明显高于无光条件,即西南鸢尾种子萌发具有需光性。种子在5℃湿沙层积1～6个月后,萌发率提高18.3％～48.9％。而不同浓度的赤霉素（50～600mg／L）处理24h后均没有提高种子萌发率,以上结果表明西南鸢尾具有非深度生理体眠特性。     

南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb)种子形态与萌发特征的初步研究

在实验室条件下,对南蛇藤(Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb)种子的形态特征、千粒重、生活力、吸水速率及萌发特征进行了初步研究。结果表明:南蛇藤种子平均大小为0.413 cm×0.220 cm×0.194 cm(长×宽×厚),千粒重约8.269 g;自然条件下产出有活力种子比例为69%左右;种皮具有较好的透水性,但因其较厚、硬的外种皮束缚了种胚的生长,影响其透气性,从而引起种子休眠;破种皮与3 mmol/L的赤霉素同时处理种子可使种子的发芽率达到29.33%,而完整种子同时用赤霉素处理、完整种子不用赤霉素处理、破种皮但不用赤霉素处理3种条件下,均不萌发。种皮机械障碍和胚的生理后熟均是引起南蛇藤种子休眠的原因。     

大叶蚁塔种子萌发特性研究

研究了低温层积处理、光照、温度、pH等因素对大叶蚁塔种子萌发的影响。结果表明:低温层积40～50 d处理有利于打破大叶蚁塔种子休眠,促进种子萌发。最适光照强度为1 500 lx,最适光周期为16 h;最适萌发温度为25℃;pH值最适为7,萌发率最高达80.25%。     

贮藏方式和培养温度对药用植物假马鞭种子萌发的影响

为探查药用植物假马鞭(Stachytarpheta jamaicensis)种子破除休眠的贮藏方法以及萌发的最佳温度条件,将假马鞭种子分别进行30 天的室温干燥贮藏、15℃湿润贮藏、4℃低温层积和0℃冰冻贮藏后,测定其萌发率;种子在6 个温度梯度(15、20、25、30、35、40℃)、12 h 光照/12 h 黑暗条件下培养,观测其萌发率和萌发进程。结果表明：假马鞭种子具有较高活性(92%),初始萌发率为10%~49.3%;经过室温干燥贮藏、15℃、4℃湿润贮藏的种子,在变温(25℃/15℃)培养下其萌发率分别达到55.3%、70%和56.7%,经0℃冰冻贮藏后萌发率降低至9.3%;假马鞭种子对6 种培养温度显示出不同的响应,在30℃和35℃培养下,萌发开始时间较早（1~7 天）,累积萌发率不足20%;在20℃和25℃培养下,萌发开始时间较晚（7~11天）,累积萌发率分别达到72.7%和56%。假马鞭种子具有中度生理休眠,经过室内干燥贮藏、15℃湿润贮藏和4℃层积可以破除种子部分休眠,获得较高萌发率,种子达到最高萌发率(70%)的最佳贮藏条件是15℃湿润贮藏、变温培养(25℃/15℃);未经贮藏处理的种子达到最高萌发率(72.7%)的培养温度是20℃。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.