江河源区披碱草和星星草混播草地土壤物理性状对牦牛放牧强度的响应

在江河源区披碱草Elymus natans 星星草Puccinellia tenuflora混播人工草地上研究了牦牛放牧强度对土壤物理性状的影响,2年的试验结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,不同土壤层含水量均呈降低趋势,土壤容重、土壤坚实度呈增大趋势.相关分析表明, 放牧强度与不同土壤层含水量呈极显著的负相关(P＜0.01), 与土壤容重和坚实度呈极显著的正相关(P＜0.01),而且土壤容重和坚实度均具有累积效应.     

植物乳酸杆菌提取物对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响

为研究植物乳酸杆菌提取物对肉羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响,试验采用单因素随机设计,选择日龄、体重相近的杂交肉羊100只随机分成4组,每组25个重复,每个重复1只,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加1.5％、2.0％、2.5％的植物乳酸杆菌提取物,预试验7 d,试验期56 d.结...     

江河源区高寒草地土壤微生物数量特征

采用土壤微生物的常规培养方法对青藏高原江河源区不同退化程度高寒草地土壤微生物的数量特征进行了分析。结果表明(1)土壤中微生物3大类群,及微生物总数在未退化高寒草地的数量大于退化高寒草地,差异显著(P<0.05),中度与重度退化草地间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)分析地6个微生物生理类群中,硝化细菌、好气性固氮菌、嫌气性固氮菌、好气性纤维分解菌的数量随草地的退化而减少,未退化草地与退化草地间的数量差异显著(P<0.05),反硝化细菌、嫌气性纤维分解菌的数量则随草地退化而增加;(3)退化高寒草地土壤微生物数量以细菌占绝对优势,土壤微生物数量变化总体上反映了高寒草地退化的状况,但是与草地退化的关系应该结合地上植被、土壤环境进行综合分析。     

Estimation of feed intake and apparent digestibility of equines and cattle grazing on heathland vegetation communities using the n-alkane markers

The application of n-alkanes as faecal markers to estimate feed intake and apparent digestibility (DMD_ap) of equines and cattle was studied. Additionally, the effect of using different data on diet composition, known proportions of the diet components (DC1) and those estimated using the alkane markers (DC2), on the accuracy of intake and DMD_ap estimates was evaluated. Six mature horses, divided in two groups of three animals (H1 and H2), and three adult non-lactating cows of Asturiana de los Valles breed (C) were housed in individual stalls. H1 and C groups were fed on a diet composed of Lolium perenne L. (70%) and heather (30%) and H2 received L. perenne (40%), heather (30%) and Ulex gallii Planchon (30%). The dietary component heather represented the field proportions of different plant species of heathland, namely Erica umbellata L., Erica cinerea L. and Calluna vulgaris L., at this experimental period. All animals received a daily dose of paper pellets containing C₂₄, C₃₂ and C₃₆ n-alkanes as external markers with the purpose of using different n-alkane pairs of adjacent chain length for feed intake estimations. The results indicated that a period of 3 and 5 days was sufficient for these external markers to reach a steady concentration in faeces of cattle and equines, respectively. In contrast to the results obtained in cattle, the alkane faecal recovery in equines was unrelated to the carbon chain length. Diet composition only affected the faecal recovery of the alkanes C₂₄ (P < 0.05), C₃₁ (P < 0.05), C₃₂ (P < 0.05) and C₃₆ (P < 0.01) in the faeces of the equines, suggesting a different dispersion of the synthetic n-alkanes in the digesta. In equines, DMD_ap estimates were not affected by the n-alkane (C₂₇, C₂₉, C₃₁ and C₃₃) used in the calculations, contrasting with the significant (P < 0.001) effect observed in cattle. In both animal species, the data on diet composition (DC1 or DC2) used in the calculations did not affect DMD_ap estimates. Feed intake estimates were affected by the alkane pair used in the calculations in H1 (P < 0.05), H2 (P < 0.001) and C (P < 0.001). The data on diet composition used in the intake calculations affected the resultant estimates in H1 (P < 0.05) but not in H2 and C. The differences from the known intake values were lower when using C₃₁:C₃₂ alkane pair, overestimating intake in only an average of 4.5, 13.0 and 1.3% in H1, H2 and C, respectively, using DC1 or DC2. The results obtained in this study confirm the accuracy of the n-alkane markers to estimate simultaneously feed intake, apparent digestibility and diet composition of equines and cattle grazing these type vegetation communities.     

江河源区退化高寒草地土壤微生物与地上植被及土壤环境的关系

对青藏高原江河源区退化高寒草地土壤微生物与地上植被、土壤环境的相关性进行分析。结果表明,退化高寒草地植物多样性、物种组成、地上植被盖度、草地生产力的变化引起土壤微生物数量发生变化,土壤微生物特别是细菌生理类群受土壤环境因子影响较大。江河源区退化高寒草地土壤中非有益性微生物功能群处于增加趋势,限制了土壤养分供给和转化能力,不利于草地土壤肥力维持和提高,给受损高寒草地,特别是“黑土滩”退化草地的生态恢复带来困难。因此,在修复受损高寒草地生态系统时,不仅要恢复地上部分的植被,而且要恢复地下部分的土壤微生物群落,重建土壤微生物生态系统。     

刈割时期和加工方式对柠条锦鸡儿饲用价值的影响

选用4头装有瘤胃瘘管的西门答尔牛,用常规全收粪法测定柠条锦鸡儿(Caraganakorshinskii)的消化率,用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定瘤胃降解率;选用荷斯坦育成母牛54头,分别饲喂当年生花期、结实期和2年生结实期切碎、揉碎及粉碎柠条锦鸡儿,测定饲喂效果。结果表明:干物质(DM)、有机质(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解率以开花期最高(P<0.05),当年生结实期显著高于2年生结实期老枝(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和瘤胃降解率,当年生开花期与结实期差异不显著,但皆显著高于2年生老枝(P<0.05);OM消化率以花期揉碎处理最高(P<0.05),结实期揉碎和花期切碎间差异不显著,但显著高于其它处理;CP、NDF和ADF消化率均以花期揉碎最高,与结实期揉碎差异不显著,但显著高于其它处理;每千克代谢体重柠条锦鸡儿和日粮干物质采食量均以结实期较高;加工方式以粉碎采食量高;结实期揉碎处理的采食率、日增重最高(P<0.05),每千克增重消耗精料最少,增重成本最低。     

青藏高原江河源区生态环境安全问题分析与探讨

从江河源区气候、地理及生态系统功能的特殊性入手,对江河源区一系列自然资源、生态环境问题进行分析和评述.指出江河源区生态环境问题非常复杂,生态环境建设应该从保护生态系统入手,维持已经建立的江河源自然保护区模式,国家持续性投资于生态补偿、恢复以及相应的科学研究是江河源区生态环境长久改善的基础.重视文化教育,科技培训及推广,能给江河源区生态环境建设带来持久性的效果.在退化草地生态系统上建立家庭牧场模式的草地农业体系,改变退化草地生态功能,使之成为高效的饲草供应基地,是实现极度退化草地生态恢复和经济作用的最佳措施.江河源区生态环境威胁日趋严重,因此问题的解决需要我国政府、人民以及科技力量的共同努力.     

不同能量水平低氮饲粮对藏羊表观消化率、氮代谢和生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同能量水平低氮饲粮对藏羊表观消化率、氮代谢和生长性能的影响,为高寒地区反刍家畜冷季补饲提供参考。选取1.5周岁、体重(48.5±1.89) kg和体况相近的健康去势藏羊24只,随机分为低能(LE)、中低能(MLE)、中高能(MHE)和高能(HE)4个处理组,每组6个重复。试验饲粮的粗蛋白质(CP)含量相近[(6.97±0.05)%]而能量不同,其消化能(DE)水平分别为8.21、9.33、10.45和11.57 MJ·kg^-1。经过49 d的饲养和全收粪尿法,结果表明:1)藏羊的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、总能(GE)采食量在各处理组间基本相同(P>0.05),其中DM、GE表观消化率都随着能量水平的提高而线性增加(P<0.05);2)当饲粮能量水平升高时,藏羊血清尿素氮(BUN)浓度线性增加(P<0.05),而游离脂肪酸(FFA)浓度却线性降低(P<0.05);3)随着饲粮能量水平升高,藏羊尿氮排出量线性降低(P<0.05),氮平衡和氮沉积率均线性升高(P<0.05),并且氮沉积率(NDR,%)与饲粮能量水平(DE, MJ·kg^-1)呈显著线性正相关,其关系式为NDR=5.2143DE-39.006(R²=0.9616,n=24);4)藏羊的平均日增重(ADG)随着饲粮能量水平的提高而线性增加(P<0.05),除LE组外,其余ADG都为正值。上述研究结果表明,藏羊的蛋白和能量维持需要量较低,低氮条件下提高能量水平可改善藏羊的饲料营养消化率、氮代谢以及生长性能。     

The effect of short-term phytase supplementation on the apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus and the reproductive performance of late gestation and lactating sows fed diets without mineral phosphorus

The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late gestation and lactating sows. A total of 45 late gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001), while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5–375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07–0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late gestation sows.     

Effects of supplementary probiotics to two different diets on dry matter intake, daily gain, digestibility, ruminal pH, and fecal microbial populations and metabolites in ewes

To study the effects of supplementary probiotics on dry matter intake (DMI), daily gain (DG), digestibility, ruminal pH, and fecal microbial populations and metabolites in ruminants, two reversal trials were conducted by using four Suffolk ewes fitted with rumen cannula. The ewes were fed with oat hay and with concentrate and oat hay in the ratio of 60 : 40 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The ewes in the treatment groups were supplemented with 10 g/day/head probiotics for 49 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected to measure microbial populations and metabolites. On days 43–47 total feces was collected to measure digestibility, and on the days 48 and 49 ruminal pH was measured. No significant difference of DMI, DG, dry matter digestibility, and ruminal pH was observed between the control and treatment groups. The probiotics treatment tended to increase crude fiber (P = 0.11) and organic cell wall digestibility (P = 0.18). In the final week, probiotics treatment significantly increased the fecal population of Bacilli (P < 0.05) and mold (P < 0.01) in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. No significant difference of fecal VFA and ammonia concentrations between the control and treatment groups was observed. The supplementary probiotics changed population of some microbial strains in the feces and possibly the large intestine of ewes.     

Effect of ensiling whole crop oat with lucerne in different ratios on fermentation quality,aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility on the Tibetan plateau

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling different ratios of whole crop oat to lucerne on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of silage on the Tibetan plateau. Four experimental treatments were produced varying in the ratio of forages on a fresh matter (FM) basis: 1) 100% oat (control, dry matter (DM) content: 317 g/kg), 2) 90% oat + 10% lucerne (OL10, DM content: 316 g/kg), 3) 80% oat+ 20% lucerne (OL20, DM content: 317 g/kg) and 4) 70% oat+ 30% lucerne (OL30, DM content: 318 g/kg). All treatments were packed into laboratory‐scale silos and ensiled for 60 days and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for 15 days. Further, the four experimental treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study the nutrient digestibility. All silages were well preserved with low pH and NH₃‐N contents, and high lactic acid contents and V‐scores (evaluation of silage quality). Increasing the lucerne proportion increased (p < 0.05) crude protein (CP) content of silage, whereas neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre contents were not affected. Under aerobic conditions, the control silage showed higher (p < 0.05) yeast counts (>10⁵ cfu/g FM) followed by OL10 silage, and OL10 silage improved aerobic stability for 74 h. OL20 and OL30 silages showed fewer (p < 0.05) yeasts (<10⁵ cfu/g FM) and markedly (p < 0.05) improved the aerobic stability (>360 h). After 48‐h incubation, OL30 silage increased (p < 0.05) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDFD) compared with the control silage. These results suggest that replacing oat with lucerne had no unfavourable effects on fermentation quality of silage, but improved CP content, aerobic stability IVDMD and IVNDFD. OL30 silage was the best among the three mixed silages.     

江河源区"黑土滩"退化草地特征、危害及治理思路探讨

从汀河源区“黑土滩”退化草地生物地球化学特征、生态和经济危害入手．对目前“黑土滩”退化草地治理的治理思路进行探讨。“黑土滩”退化草地治理不能仅仅局限于追求生态效果，应该看到“黑土滩”生态功能转型的作用。将江河源区按生态功能、经济功能划分为无干扰生态核心区和生态经济保障区。在生态经济保障区域推行“草地农业家庭牧场模式”。在极度退化不可自然恢复的“黑土滩”建植多年生人工草地，“变废为宝”使“黑土滩”成为高寒地区草地家畜草饲料补充基地。是实现生态建设和畜牧业经济发展双赢的对策。重视江河源区草地系统鼠害的威胁，实施“草地生态建设，防治鼠害先行”的策略是江河源区草地生态和经济建设的保障。强调国家向汀河源区持续性投资和持久性加强牧区人民的文化教育是我国江河源区生态和经济建设的重要保证。     

三江源区高寒草甸草场放牧牦牛采食量的测定

试验选用约2．5岁公牦牛8头，在三江源地区玉树县的高寒草甸草场，应用4N盐酸不溶灰分法（4N—AIA）和木质素标记物法测定了不同物候期（青草期和枯黄期）放牧牦牛日采食量及牧草营养成分的消化率。结果表明：2．5岁牦牛在青草期、枯黄期的100kg体重日采食量分别为3．69kg和2．96kg，差异极显著（P〈0.01）；其不同物候期的千物质消化率分别为65．70％、61．72％（P〉0．05），粗蛋白的消化率为62．25％、39．00％（P〈0．01），粗脂肪为49．36％、58．18％（P〈0．05），ADF的消化率为57．88％、62．67％（P〉0．05），NDF的消化率为69．09％、79．38％（P＜0．01）。     

江河源区不同建植期人工草地土壤养分及微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性研究

研究了"黑土滩"退化草地上建植的2,4和6龄垂穗披碱草人工草地土壤养分、微生物量磷、中性磷酸酶活性变化以及它们之间的相互关系。结果表明,随建植期的增加,土壤pH值呈现先降低后升高的趋势,人工4龄草地土壤pH值最低,人工6龄草地最高。从时间尺度看,人工2龄草地土壤养分含量、土壤微生物量磷含量和土壤中性磷酸酶活性较"黑土滩"退化草地明显升高,随着建植期的增加,人工4龄草地各测定指标明显下降,而人工6龄草地各测定指标再次升高。4种草地土壤养分含量、微生物量磷含量和中性磷酸酶活性在土壤剖面中均呈现随土壤深度的增加而递减的趋势。相关分析结果表明,土壤微生物量磷与有机碳、全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与全磷含量间呈显著正相关关系;土壤中性磷酸酶活性与大多数土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关关系,其中与土壤有机碳的相关系数最大;土壤微生物量磷与中性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。     

不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响

为研究饲粮中添加不同苹果渣水平对关中奶山羊泌乳性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化指标及瘤胃液pH值的影响,选取体重[(50.81±1.53)kg]、胎次(第3胎)、产奶量[(2.15±0.05)kg·d-1]、泌乳日期[(125.00±2.51)d]相近或一致的健康关中奶山羊50只,随机分成5组,每组10只羊,每只羊为1个...     

Effect of different levels of mannan‐oligosaccharide supplementation on the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients,N‐balance and growth performance of weaned piglets

Several studies report that dietary mannan‐oligosaccharides (MOSs) improve the growth performance of piglets, however, only a few studies focus on nutrient digestibility. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dietary MOS on ileal digestibility of nutrients and on N‐balance and growth performance of piglets weaned at 28 days of age. Three experiments were conducted: a digestibility trial with a total of 30, simple T‐cannulated piglets (Exp. 1), a N‐balance trial with a total of 48 intact piglets (Exp. 2) and a performance trial with a total of 324 piglets (Exp. 3). In Exp. 1 and 2, the same five dietary treatments were carried out by supplementing the basal diet with 0, 1, 2, 4 g MOS or with 0.2 g antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, Avilamycin) per kg of diet. In Exp. 3, three dietary treatments were used as follows: the basal diet was supplemented no additive, 2 g MOS or 0.2 g AGP (Avilamycin) per kg of diet. Dietary MOS (2 or 4 g/kg) enhanced the ileal digestibility of crude protein similar to antibiotics. Addition of 1 g/kg MOS significantly increased the digestibility of Ca and P by 8.4% and 7.7% units, respectively; however, further increment did not enhance the absorption. Addition of 1 or 2 g/kg MOS significantly increased the ileal digestibility of lysine, methionine, cystine and threonine with the same magnitude or even more than the AGP. In our study, MOS supplementation had no influence on N‐balance and growth parameters. Because of the better apparent ileal digestibility of certain nutrients, however, the protein, lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine, Ca and P contents of the diet can probably be reduced without weakening the rearing performance of piglets, when the diet is supplemented with 2 g/kg MOS.     

日粮中添加青贮饲料对东宝黑头羊增重、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响

为研究全株玉米青贮、全株玉米和饲料桑混合青贮对东宝黑头羊增重、屠宰性能以及育肥效益的影响,选取45只10月龄,体重(30.3±1.3)kg的东宝黑头羊,按照饲喂日粮的种类随机分为3组:对照组(玉米秸秆青贮+精料),试验Ⅰ组(全株玉米青贮+精料),试验Ⅱ组(全株玉米和饲料桑混合青贮+精料),预试验7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组末重、平均日干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胴体重、屠宰率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组眼肌面积显著高于Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05),而Ⅰ组和对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);除试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间器官重量差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组均盈利,按活羊出售分析,试验Ⅱ组净收益最高,按屠宰出售分析,试验Ⅰ组净收益最高。提示:日粮中添加全株玉米青贮、全株玉米和饲料桑青贮,可提高肉羊的增重性能和屠宰性能。     

日粮中添加青贮饲料对东宝黑头羊增重、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响

为研究全株玉米青贮、全株玉米和饲料桑混合青贮对东宝黑头羊增重、屠宰性能以及育肥效益的影响,选取45只10月龄,体重(30.3±1.3)kg的东宝黑头羊,按照饲喂日粮的种类随机分为3组:对照组(玉米秸秆青贮+精料),试验Ⅰ组(全株玉米青贮+精料),试验Ⅱ组(全株玉米和饲料桑混合青贮+精料),预试验7 d,正式试验期90 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组末重、平均日干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组胴体重、屠宰率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组眼肌面积显著高于Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.05),而Ⅰ组和对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);除试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组瘤胃重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各组间器官重量差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组均盈利,按活羊出售分析,试验Ⅱ组净收益最高,按屠宰出售分析,试验Ⅰ组净收益最高。提示:日粮中添加全株玉米青贮、全株玉米和饲料桑青贮,可提高肉羊的增重性能和屠宰性能。     

Effects of two zinc supplementation levels and two zinc and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing-finishing pigs

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two Zn supplemented levels and two Zn and Cu sources (sulphate and hydroxychloride) on growing-finishing pigs. An in vitro study and an in vivo study were conducted. In the in vitro study, Zn solubility from each source at different Zn supplementation levels was evaluated, as well as the phytic phosphorus (PP) solubility derived from the interaction or not with phytic acid at similar conditions to those found in digestive tract. The most critical interaction of Zn with phytic acid was at pH 6.5 and with Zn sulphate, resulting in the reduction in PP solubility. In the in vivo experiment, a total of 444 pigs ([Duroc × Landrace]×Pietrain; initial BW: 18.7 ± 0.20 kg) were allotted to 36 pens in a randomized complete block design (2 × 2) factorial arrangement with two Zn and Cu sources and two Zn supplemental levels (20 and 80 mg/kg). The Cu supplementation was fixed at 15 mg/kg for all diets. There was no effect of the interaction between mineral source × Zn level or Zn level on growth performance or carcass characteristics (p > .10). Apparent total digestibility of Zn and Cu along with carcass yield was higher for pigs fed hydroxychloride than pigs fed the sulphate counterparts (p < .05). Feeding low levels of Zn decreased Zn (45.5%; p < .0001) and Cu(18.5%; p = .018) faecal excretion. In conclusion, under commercial conditions, feeding growing-finishing pigs with Zn levels below those established by the European Union regulation did not affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. Reducing dietary mineral (Zn and Cu) diet content resulted in a lower faecal mineral excretion. Pigs fed sulphate minerals had an improved performance during grower period, while pigs fed hydroxychloride minerals showed an improved performance during finishing period and a greater carcass yield and mineral digestibility than those fed sulphates.     

江河源区高寒草甸退化序列秃斑热岛效应研究

秃斑是江河源区高寒草甸退化序列普遍存在的地理景观,以江河源区高寒草甸退化序列秃斑为对象,分析表土5cm处温度日动态、月动态和季节动态及土壤有机碳与全年、生长季＞0℃积温的关系,结果表明:温度日动态为黑土滩退化样地中坡最高温、升温(降温)速率和温差最大,分别是未退化样地中坡的3.52倍、8.33(7.11)倍和8.21倍.生长季黑土滩退化样地中坡9月温差最大,未退化样地低坡6月温差最大,前者是后者的3.96倍;各样地8月＞0℃月积温最高,其中黑土滩退化样地中坡是未退化样地低坡的1.5倍;非生长季各样地最大温差和＞0℃月积温相差较小.全年、生长季＞0℃积温与土壤有机碳呈极显著负相关,全年、生长季＞0℃积温增加1000℃有机碳含量分别减少6.2％和7.3％.秃斑呈现突出的热岛现象,其热岛效应表现为土壤有机碳流失和水分蒸散,继而土壤可蚀性增大,或是高寒草甸退化的内在动力.