Spherical protein shell formation from an 11S subunit of bacteriophage f2

An 11S protein component obtained from specific dissociation of bacteriophage f(2) underwent a change in the state of association when dialyzed to pH 4. At low temperatures a dissociation to 5.5S subunits was observed, while at 24 degrees to 34 degrees C a 37S particle was formed. The latter particles have properties which closely resemble those expected for the RNA-free viral capsid.     

Interspecies conversion of Clostridium botulinum type C to Clostridium novyi type A by bacteriophage

When Clostridium botulinum type C is cured of its prophage it simultaneously ceases to produce toxin. This nontoxigenic culture can then be converted to another toxigenic bacterial species, Clostridium novyi type A or to toxigenic Clostridium botulinum types C or D, by specific bacteriophages. The toxigenicity and type of toxin produced by these cultures depends upon the continued presence of these bacteriophages.     

Replication of the RNA of Bacteriophage f2

Events occurring after infection of bacteria with wild-type and a temperature-sensitive mutant phage indicate that there are two enzymatic activities necessary to replicate phage RNA. One converts single strands into double strands, while the other uses double strands to svnthesize viral RNA. The mutant is deficient in the first activity, probably because the mutation is in the gene specifying the requisite enzyme. On the basis of these and other results, a model is presented for the replication of phage RNA.     

Recombination in bacteriophage T4: a mechanism

Genetic recombination between rIl mutants of T4 bacteriophage grown in Escherichia coli can occur under conditions where DNA synthesis is strongly inhibited by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. The small amount of DNA synthesized under these conditions cannot account for the observed frequency of recombinants. The major mechanism of recombination in this system is a process of breakage and rejoining.     

Cell Lysis: Another Function of the Coat Protein of the Bacteriophage f2

Evidence is presented that the coat protein of bacteriophage f2 causes the lysis of infected Escherichia coli. To lyse bacteria, the coat protein produced must be of the quality to produce phage particles, although it need not be produced in amounts sufficient to give a large yield of particles. Mutants that are blocked in coat-protein synthesis, or that direct the synthesis of an imperfect coat protein, do not lyse their host bacteria. In addition to its obvious structural role and its postulated regulatory role, another, perhaps enzymatic, role has been found for the coat protein of the phage f2.     

Prophage S2 mutants in Haemophilus influenzae: a technique for their production and isolation

A procedure utilizing nitrosoguanidine has been developed to produce defective and temperature-sensitive mutants of prophage (S2) in lysogenic Haemophilus influenzae. The system should be generally applicable to all temperate phage systems. At saturating concentrations of phage DNA, more than 25 percent of recipient mutant lysogenic bacteria can be transformed to the wild type.     

西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)营养体亲和群研究

从浙江各地、江苏南部和上海等地采集的西瓜枯萎病株和其他瓜类植株上,分离纯化尖孢镰孢霉(Fusarium oxysporum)菌种23个(每个菌种来自一个植株样本).接种试验表明:酉瓜植株上分离的19个菌种,有16个对长蜜、新红宝和圳宝等3个酉瓜品种表现为致病性,而其他菌种表现为非致病性.所有23个菌种均获得抗氯酸盐的硝酸盐营养突变株(nit mutant).根据来自同一菌种nit突变株的营养体亲和性与突变类型鉴定,选择3个西瓜致病菌的Nit M类型突变株(W 024～5,W 072～4和W 014～9)为营养体亲和性测试株.各菌种上获得的nit突变株分别与测试株作营养体亲和性配对反应,23个菌种可划分成8个营养体亲和群(VCG)和1个营养体自身非亲和类型.16个西瓜致病菌中,除一个为营养体自身非亲和类型外,其余均属同一亲和群(M1001),而与西瓜非致病菌不存在营养体亲和反应.由此显示:营养体亲和群与西瓜枯萎病菌存在相关性,而与地理分布无关.     

Mini-mouse: disruption of the pygmy locus in a transgenic insertional mutant

A founder transgenic mouse harbored two different integration patterns of a transgene at the same locus, each of which gave rise to a similar autosomal recessive mutation. Mice of the mutant phenotype were of small stature but had normal levels of growth hormone. The disrupted locus was cloned, and a genetic and molecular analysis showed that the insertional mutants were allelic to a spontaneous mutant, pygmy. The mice should be a useful model for the growth hormone-resistant human dwarf syndromes and could lead to a greater understanding of the pathways involved in growth and development.     

利用枯萎病菌粗毒素筛选香蕉抗性突变体

在香蕉(Musa AAA)组织培养过程,将枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)粗毒素添加到组织培养基中。结果表明,毒素对香蕉组培芽的分化和存活具有较强的抑制作用,粗毒素的添加剂量与组培芽存活率成反相关,致枯萎50%的粗毒素为36.3038μg.mL-1。添加粗毒素的多种筛选法均获得了香蕉抗枯萎病突变体。突变体再生苗用病菌分生孢子接种结果表明,其相对抗病性均显著高于亲本组织培养再生苗。本研究中,多步正筛选方案Ⅱ是利用粗毒素筛选抗香蕉枯萎病突变体的最佳方案。     

The transition state of the f + h2 reaction

The transition state region of the F + H(2) reaction has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy of FH(2)(-). New para and normal FH(2)(-)photoelectron spectra have been measured in refined experiments and are compared here with exact three-dimensional quantum reactive scattering simulations that use an accurate new ab initio potential energy surface for F + H(2). The detailed agreement that is obtained between this fully ab initio theory and experiment is unprecedented for the F + H(2) reaction and suggests that the transition state region of the F + H(2) potential energy surface has finally been understood quantitatively.     

Hidden thermodynamics of mutant proteins: a molecular dynamics analysis

A molecular dynamics simulation method is used to determine the contributions of individual amino acid residues and solvent molecules to free energy changes in proteins. Its application to the hemoglobin interface mutant Asp G1(99) beta----Ala shows that some of the contributions to the difference in the free energy of cooperativity are as large as 60 kilocalories (kcal) per mole. Since the overall free energy change is only -5.5 kcal/mole (versus the experimental value of -3.4 kcal/mole), essential elements of the thermodynamics are hidden in the measured results. By exposing the individual contributions, the free energy simulation provides new insights into the origin of thermodynamic changes in mutant proteins and demonstrates the role of effects beyond those usually considered in structural analyses.     

生物改性秸秆对模拟废水中天蓝A的吸附特性研究

[目的]研究生物改性秸秆对模拟废水中天蓝A的吸附特性。[方法]利用微生物代谢作用对水稻秸秆进行生物改性,并比较了改性前后的水稻秸秆对模拟废水中天蓝A的吸附特性。[结果]模拟废水中天蓝A浓度为100 mg/L时,吸附剂的最佳用量为10 g/L,最适反应pH为1～2。两种吸附剂均在35 min左右达到吸附平衡,且吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。生物改性秸秆和天然秸秆的吸附等温曲线与Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程的拟合均高度相符,对天蓝A的最大吸附量分别为15.80和13.17 mg/g,即改性后秸秆的最大吸附量提高了20%。[结论]利用生物改性方法提高秸秆对模拟废水中染料的吸附性能,具有经济环保、简单高效的优点,有较高的研究价值和应用前景。     

2-Tridecanone: A Naturally Occurring Insecticide from the Wild Tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f.glabratum

A nonalkaloid insecticide was isolated from the wild tomato Lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum and identified as 2-tridecanone, a compound 72 times more abundant in the wild tomato than in the cultivated tomato L. esculentum. Lepidopterous larvae (Manduca sexta and Heliothis zea) and aphids (Aphis gossypii) died when confined on 2-tridecanone-treated filter paper.     

坛紫菜绿色突变体的分离与特性分析

野生型坛紫菜壳孢子苗经MNNG处理后,在它们的叶状体中,出现了许多色彩发生变异的细胞,大部分的变异细胞随后分裂形成块状的细胞块。用酶解法分离含绿色变异细胞块的叶状体的单离细胞,从细胞再生体中分离出一株绿色突变体。在叶状体活体吸收光谱特性方面,绿色突变体与野生型相比存在着明显的差异,3λmax和4λmax的峰顶分别向短波方向移动了约12 nm和3 nm。另外,绿色突变体的藻红蛋白和叶绿素a的含量下降,藻蓝蛋白的含量上升,表现出较低的PE/Chl.a和PE/PC比值,较高的PC/Chl.a比值。绿色突变体的生长和成熟均比野生型慢。     

基于Nafion/天青A/纳米金层层自组装固定酶的过氧化氢生物传感器

[目的]明确基于Nafion、天青A、纳米金层层自组装固定酶制备过氧化氢生物传感器的可行性。[方法]先利用静电吸附和自组装技术将Nafion、天青A、纳米金修饰到金电极表面,然后利用纳米金吸附辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),制备过氧化氢生物传感器。采用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察该传感器的性能。[结果]在测试溶液pH值5.5、工作电位-0.3~-0.2 V、扫速100 mV/s、检测温度25℃条件下,该传感器具有良好的生物催化活性,还原峰电流与H2O2浓度在2.0×10-6~1.6×10-3mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.62×10-7mol/L。该传感器稳定性好,抗干扰力强,制备方法简单,成本低廉,对H2O2有快速灵敏的响应。[结论]该研究制备的过氧化氢生物传感器灵敏度较高,检测范围宽,检出限较低。     

Restoration by calmodulin of a Ca2+-dependent K+ current missing in a mutant of Paramecium

A combination of genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics was used to show that calmodulin is involved in the regulation of an ion channel. Calmodulin restored the Ca2+-dependent K+ current in pantophobiac, a mutant in Paramecium that lacks this current. The restoration of the current occurred within 2 hours after the injection of 1 picogram of wild-type calmodulin into the mutant. The current remained for approximately 30 hours before the mutant phenotype returned. The injection of calmodulin isolated from pantophobiac had no effect. These results imply that calmodulin is required for the function or regulation of the Ca2+-dependent K+ current in Paramecium.     

黄山紫荆一新变型——白花黄山紫荆

描述了黄山紫荆的1个新变型——白花黄山紫荆Cercis chingii Chun f. albiflora S. H. Jin et D. D. Ma）。该变型与原变型Cercis chingii Chun f. chingii的主要区别在于花冠为白色。参2     

Dominant-negative mutants of a toxin subunit: an approach to therapy of anthrax

The protective antigen moiety of anthrax toxin translocates the toxin's enzymic moieties to the cytosol of mammalian cells by a mechanism that depends on its ability to heptamerize and insert into membranes. We identified dominant-negative mutants of protective antigen that co-assemble with the wild-type protein and block its ability to translocate the enzymic moieties across membranes. These mutants strongly inhibited toxin action in cell culture and in an animal intoxication model, suggesting that they could be useful in therapy of anthrax.     

四棱豆的化学诱变及矮化突变性状初步分析

用0.3%甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和0.325%叠氮化钠(NaN3)复合诱变剂处理四棱豆种子,在M1代中获得了不育、晚熟、矮化、茎色、叶色等突变性状.田间试验表明:矮化突变体的主蔓长、一级分枝数、百粒重等主要农艺性状与对照存在明显差异.ISSR分子标记表明,9条ISSR引物共扩增出50个可统计的条带,其中具有差异的条带数22个,遗传相似度为0.541~0.868,平均遗传相似度为0.719.