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玉米粗缩病毒的传毒介体灰飞虱的虫量、不同播期对玉米粗缩病的影响 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
1996~ 1999年连续 4年 ,在玉米粗缩病的常发重病区河北省辛集市夏玉米区 ,对灰飞虱虫口数量、不同播期和玉米粗缩病发生程度进行了系统调查。结果表明 :在灰飞虱大发生年和常发生年 ,6月 15日以后为河北省夏玉米区的安全播期 ;在灰飞虱的极轻发生年 ,不同播期对病情无明显影响。因此 ,播期是影响玉米粗缩病发生的关键因素 ;灰飞虱虫量是玉米粗缩病发生发展的重要因素 ,预测灰飞虱的发生情况 ,适期播种 ,可有效地防治玉米粗缩病 ,达到高产稳产。 相似文献
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玉米粗缩病又称玉米条纹矮缩病,俗称“万年青玉米”、“生姜玉米”,是由灰飞虱传播的病毒性病害。带病毒的灰飞虱吸食叶片汁液后,使玉米植株感病。从玉米苗期到抽雄期均可发生,但苗期最易感病。种子本身不带病,不传毒。因此,玉米粗缩病的发生与种子质量无关。 相似文献
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为明确灰飞虱田间爆发的动态规律及其与玉米粗缩病发生的相互作用,降低粗缩病发病率和减少对玉米等作物产量损失,2008~2010年在麦田和玉米田系统调查了灰飞虱的发生消长规律,并设置11个播种期调查分析玉米粗缩病发病规律。结果表明:济宁市越冬灰飞虱虫量平均在75000头/hm2以上,大部分以2龄或3龄若虫在稻茬麦田越冬,越冬死亡率极低;初春后越冬若虫开始发育,5月上中旬始现一代灰飞虱成虫,下旬开始由稻茬麦田向旱作麦田和玉米苗田迁飞;6月上旬灰飞虱在旱作麦田密度达最大;6月中旬前后大量迁飞到玉米田;6月下旬随着温度和湿度升高一代灰飞虱大量死亡,部分迁到杂草上越夏,进入下一个生长周期。播种期是影响粗缩病的重要因子。5月初至6月上旬播种玉米后,玉米多处于10叶以下的敏感叶龄期,在灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰期和传毒率较高的环境下几乎完全致病,6月20日后播种的玉米出苗后能够避开灰飞虱成虫扩散高峰,受传毒的几率明显降低。因此,根据气候资料及时预报灰飞虱发生数量和动态,确定玉米安全播种期等农业措施,在时间和空间上严格有效控制玉米粗缩病发生,为科学防控灰飞虱危害提供技术支持。 相似文献
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1玉米粗缩病的传播方式及传播规律
1.1传播方式
玉米粗缩病由灰飞虱携带病毒传播,病毒寄主范围广泛,主要是单子叶禾本科植物,灰飞虱具有迁飞的习性,一只灰飞虱可以连续使3~5株玉米受害。 相似文献
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中国稻草还田技术研究进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
随着中国农业的发展,大量稻草被焚烧或者弃置,这不仅浪费了养分资源还造成环境污染。本文综述了稻草还田的方式方法,稻草还田对土壤性状及水稻产量的影响以及稻草还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响,以期待稻草还田技术可以进一步推广应用。 相似文献
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中国牧草育种工作研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在综述中国牧草育种工作进展的同时,分析了牧草育种工作中存在的问题,主要包括育成的牧草品种少,良种推广和覆盖面积较小以及牧草育种理论基础薄弱等,并针对性地提出应从改进牧草育种的方法和途径、培育具有地方特色的独特牧草品种、加强种质资源的保护与利用、加快良种向现实生产力的转化以及通过各部门协作攻关等方面解决这些问题。 相似文献
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兰花试管开花研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
对兰花试管开花方面的研究进行了综述,着重介绍了兰科植物试管开花的影响因素及其调控和分子机理等方面的研究情况,指出目前存在的若干问题并提出解决对策。 相似文献
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Twenty two Uromyces appendiculatus isolates were tested on 20 differential and 25 Ecuadorian Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars in the seedling stage. Based on the infection types 20 races could be discerned. The Ecuadorian cultivars differed
greatly in their reaction to the isolates, from resistant to only one isolate (`Red Small Garden') to resistant to all isolates
(’G2333‘). The isolates showed a wide range of virulence to the Ecuadorian cultivars, from virulent to only two cultivars
(isolate 13) to virulent to 21 cultivars (isolates 5 and 23).
Seven cultivars with a basically susceptible infection type appeared to differ greatly in quantitative resistance when tested
in three consecutive crop cycles. The disease severities in percentage leaf area affected averaged over the three cycles ranged
between 83.9% for ‘Red Small Garden’ and 13.1% for ‘INIAP-414’.
Race-specific resistance does not seem an advisable breeding strategy, but the quantitative resistance offers a good alternative. 相似文献
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低温胁迫是限制植物生长发育和地理分布最主要的环境因子之一,影响植物细胞膜系统、抗氧化系统、光合作用、次生代谢等诸多方面,对农业生产和发展有严重影响。因此,揭示作物在冷胁迫下的生理及分子机制是十分必要的,这有助于培育耐寒作物品种,从而减少生产损失,扩大作物种植面积,具有重要的生产价值和经济效益。目前,基于RNA-seq技术进行植物低温胁迫分子机制深度解析在拟南芥、水稻、油菜、茶树、小麦、烟草、高粱等重要作物上得到了发展应用。本研究综述了近年来植物在低温胁迫或低温适应过程中的转录组学研究现状,以期为高通量测序技术在植物抗性研究方面提供方法借鉴和理论基础。 相似文献
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Toshihiro Saito 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):46-59
The Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is one of the most widely grown fruit trees in Japan, and it has been used throughout Japan’s history. The commercial production of pears increased rapidly with the successive discoveries of the chance seedling cultivars ‘Chojuro’ and ‘Nijisseiki’ around 1890, and the development of new cultivars has continued since 1915. The late-maturing, leading cultivars ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Shinko’ were released during the initial breeding stage. Furthermore, systematic breeding by the Horticultural Research Station (currently, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NIFTS)) began in 1935, which mainly aimed to improve fruit quality by focusing on flesh texture and black spot disease resistance. To date, 22 cultivars have been released, including ‘Kosui’, ‘Hosui’, and ‘Akizuki’, which are current leading cultivars from the breeding program. Four induced mutant cultivars induced by gamma irradiation, which exhibit some resistance to black spot disease, were released from the Institute of Radiation Breeding. Among these cultivars, ‘Gold Nijisseiki’ has become a leading cultivar. Moreover, ‘Nansui’ from the Nagano prefectural institute breeding program was released, and it has also become a leading cultivar. Current breeding objectives at NIFTS mainly combine superior fruit quality with traits related to labor and cost reduction, multiple disease resistance, or self-compatibility. Regarding future breeding, marker-assisted selection for each trait, QTL analyses, genome-wide association studies, and genomic selection analyses are currently in progress. 相似文献