不同浓度的山梨酸保鲜剂对非洲菊切花保鲜效果的研究

以30mg／L蔗糖＋500mg／L硝酸钙的基本液为对照,添加不同浓度（30、50、70、100mg／L）的山梨酸．研究不同浓度的山梨酸保鲜液对非洲菊鲜切花的保鲜效果。结果表明：各处理与对照相比,均能不同程度增加鲜切花的鲜重,增大花径,延长瓶插寿命,其中以添加100mg／L山梨酸的保鲜液保鲜效果最好,鲜重可比初始值增加16．8％,内层花径变化率比对照增加8．6％,瓶插寿命可比对照延长3d。     

非洲菊切花水分平衡、鲜重变化和瓶插寿命的关系探究

为提高瓶插非洲菊切花的品质,延长瓶插寿命,研究了不同配方保鲜液处理的非洲菊切花的水分平衡、鲜重变化、鲜重变化率和瓶插寿命各指标的变化规律及其关系。结果表明,处理2(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+75 mg/L KH2PO4)、处理3(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+50 mg/L NaHPO4.2H2O)的保鲜剂配方保鲜效果为好,尤以处理2配方的保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命是对照(蒸馏水处理)的2.4倍,达到12 d以上。处理2、3非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命与水分平衡值、鲜重变化率分别呈线性和多项式回归关系,二者的水分平衡值与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.984 5和R=0.989 5,鲜重变化率与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.994 3和R=0.995 5;处理2、3分别在4.351、4.247 d时的水分平衡值为0,在6.633、6.526 d时切花花枝占最初的质量百分数为100%,这些参数为非洲菊切花的瓶插保鲜提供了重要的理论依据。     

几种保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜生理的影响

为了寻找最佳的非洲菊切花保鲜液配方。为解决非洲菊切花的保鲜问题提供理论依据,研究了5种瓶插保鲜液对非洲菊切花水分平衡值、细胞膜透性、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、丙二醛含量及瓶插寿命等的影响,结果表明：不同保鲜液对非洲菊切花保鲜的效果差异显著,与对照（清水）相比,2号保鲜液（配方为：2％Suc＋200mg／L8-HQC＋150mg／L AL2（SO4）3＋water）最有利于维持切花水分平衡值、提高POD活性、延缓细胞膜透性和丙二醛含量的上升。其保鲜效果最好。其次是3号、4号和5号保鲜液配方。并对这几种配方的保鲜原因进行了讨论。     

营养物质对延长鲜切玫瑰观赏时间的研究

玫瑰切花作为世界四大鲜切花之一,在花卉市场占有的比重较大,保鲜液的不合理使用将会促进鲜花的过早开放,因此对鲜切花保鲜液的研究也越来越受到人们的重视。设计正交实验方案,用不同配比营养物质的瓶插液处理玫瑰切花,通过对玫瑰切花花枝鲜质量、花蕾直径大小、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量和瓶插寿命进行观察、对比测定,选择出一种比较理想的瓶插液。结果表明,NaCl对切花玫瑰的观赏寿命起着主控作用,A3B3C1为最优营养液配比(青霉素20mg/L,N:P:K(Ca)10mL/L,NaCl0.5g/L),对玫瑰切花的观赏价值及瓶插寿命均有一定程度的提高。     

纳米铜加蔗糖处理对非洲菊切花的保鲜作用

为探究新型纳米级无机杀菌剂纳米铜(nano-copper,NC)处理对切花的保鲜效应,以非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)'红艳'切花为试材,观测不同浓度NC单独处理及其与蔗糖组合溶液瓶插处理对非洲菊瓶插寿命、观赏品质和水分关系的影响.结果表明,与去离子水处理(对照组)相比,1、3、5mg/LNC单独处理对非...     

苯甲酸钠处理对香石竹切花保鲜效果的影响

为明确适宜于香石竹切花保鲜的苯甲酸钠浓度，采用在基础瓶插液中分别添加150、200、250、300 mg/L苯甲酸钠的保鲜液对香石竹切花进行瓶插处理，每2 d取样测定切花形态指标与生理生化指标。结果表明：添加不同浓度苯甲酸钠的保鲜瓶插液均能延长香石竹切花的寿命，改善切花水分状况，提高切花品质；与对照相比，苯甲酸钠质量浓度为150 mg/L和200 mg/L的瓶插液对香石竹切花保鲜效果差异均不显著，而苯甲酸钠质量浓度为250 mg/L和300 mg/L的瓶插液对香石竹切花保鲜效果差异均显著（P<0.05）。综合比较，苯甲酸钠质量浓度对香石竹切花保鲜效果排序为250 mg/L>300 mg/L>200 mg/L>150 mg/L。本研究结果可为延长香石竹切花瓶插寿命及保鲜剂研究提供理论依据。     

化学药剂对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响

为了研究预处理和瓶插液配方对月季切花瓶插寿命的影响,通过对瓶插期间月季切花的形态变化的观察,进行了保剂配方试验。结果表明,化学药剂能明显缓解月季切花水分胁迫,改善体内水分平衡,能不同程度的延长瓶插寿命。通过对几十种保鲜剂的研究和筛选,选择出2－3种具有良好保鲜效果的保鲜剂。     

含矮壮素的保鲜剂对非洲菊切花保鲜及生理生化的影响

以非洲菊为试材,研究了含矮壮素(CCC)的保鲜液对非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命和相关生理特性的影响。结果表明,加含矮壮素的保鲜液瓶插液B(30g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉柠檬酸盐+50mg/L矮壮素)的寿命(11.5d)与对照相比(9.5d)延长2d;水分平衡值达到零的时间比对照晚3d,花瓣丙二醛(MDA)含量和脯氨酸含量(Pro)及相对电导率(REC)比对照上升趋势缓慢。以上结果说明,瓶插液添加适当浓度的矮壮素,可以调节非洲菊切花的生理特性,并延长其瓶插寿命。     

瓶插液对储藏后牡丹“洛阳红”切花瓶插品质的影响

以经过储藏12d、24d、36d的牡丹品种“洛阳红”为试材,通过测定切花瓶插期间的瓶插寿命、花径变化、鲜重变化率、水分平衡值和乙烯释放率等指标,研究了瓶插液(3%蔗糖 0.2g/LHQS 2mmolSTS)对“洛阳红”切花瓶插品质的影响。结果表明:瓶插液(3%蔗糖 0.2g/LHQS 2mmolSTS)可以显著延长“洛阳红”切花的瓶插寿命、提高其水分平衡值和花径、降低其鲜重损失和乙烯释放,提高‘洛阳红’切花的瓶插观赏品质。     

非洲菊切花保鲜中的细菌鉴定和8-HQ抑菌保鲜研究

非洲菊切花瓶插观赏过程中常出现花茎弯曲和花朵下垂现象,该现象与插花溶液中的细菌滋生有关。本研究分离纯化了非洲菊切花清水瓶插中出现的细菌,通过16S rDNA测序法鉴定出瓶插过程中滋生的细菌主要来自泛菌属、假单胞菌属、寡氧单胞菌属以及克雷伯氏菌属;并研究了8-羟基喹啉（8-HQ）抑制泛菌属细菌增长的最低长效抑菌浓度为150 mg/L;选用8-HQ和蔗糖作为切花保鲜剂主要成分时,其中150 mg/L 8-HQ + 6%蔗糖的组合能最有效延长非洲菊鲜切花开放时间,并保持瓶插溶液清亮程度。     

脱落酸在牡丹切花衰老中的作用

为探明脱落酸(ABA)在牡丹切花衰老中的作用,为其保鲜技术的开发提供理论依据,以类似跃变型切花牡丹‘如花似玉’为试材,研究ABA和钨酸钠（ABA合成抑制剂）处理对其瓶插期间的开花指数、花径增大率、瓶插寿命、最佳观赏期、花瓣ABA含量和内源乙烯释放量等指标的影响,探讨ABA在牡丹切花衰老中的作用。结果表明,外源ABA处理可以加快牡丹切花衰老进程,缩短瓶插寿命和最佳观赏期;花瓣ABA含量与内源乙烯释放量显著正相关;花瓣ABA含量高峰始终出现在内源乙烯释放量高峰之前。所以,ABA可能以诱导乙烯大量合成的方式间接加速牡丹切花的衰老。     

苯扎溴铵预处理对切花菊保鲜的影响初探

为防止Ag+污染环境,开发适宜于切花菊运输前的不含Ag+的预处理剂及预处理方法十分必要。笔者用不同浓度(0~2000 ml/L)无银杀菌剂——苯扎溴铵对切花菊‘神马’的鲜切花进行了不同时间(0~24h)的预处理,然后插入盛有自来水的瓶内,放在温度为20~25℃室内,调查保鲜效果。与其他预处理相比,在100 ml/L溶液预处理3h,瓶插后鲜重一直呈缓慢上升趋势;6d后,极少数叶片发生萎蔫,叶片黄化速度也很缓慢,约90％的叶片12d后还可以保持新鲜;花蕾开放速度也缓慢,15d后仅有50％的花蕾开花,且花瓣挺阔,无枯萎迹象,而且茎干挺直,不弯颈;保鲜效果明显高于其他的预处理。由此可见,使用100 ml/L的苯扎溴铵溶液对菊花鲜切花进行3h的预处理,对其贮运有良好的保鲜效果。     

Postharvest water relations in cut rose cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to high relative air humidity during growth

A constant high relative air humidity (RH) during cultivation can strongly reduce the vase life in some cut rose cultivars. We studied three contrasting cultivars in their tolerance to high RH in order to analyse in detail the water relations during postharvest and better understand this genotypic variation. Plants were grown at moderate (60%) and high (95%) RH, and cut flowers were placed in water immediately after cutting. Flowers of cv. Pink Prophyta grown at high RH did not open throughout vase life, while flower opening of cvs. Frisco and Dream was not affected by preharvest RH. Cultivation at high RH resulted in about 80% shorter vase life in Pink Prophyta, whereas in Dream and Frisco the negative effect was considerably smaller (15 and 9% shorter vase life, respectively). The shorter vase life and reduced flower opening of cut roses grown at high RH was due to a higher rate of transpiration both in the light and dark periods. It was found that the leaves of Pink Prophyta grown at high RH could partly close their stomata upon lowering of the water potential or when flower stalks were fed with abscisic acid, but stomata remained far more open than in leaves grown at moderate RH. The RH during cultivation did not affect stem hydraulic conductivity and its recovery after air emboli induction. Preventing vascular occlusion largely alleviated the high-cultivation-RH effect on vase life and flower opening, showing that the effect of high-cultivation-RH becomes only important if water uptake is limited.     

Postharvest characteristics of cut dahlia flowers with a focus on ethylene and effectiveness of 6-benzylaminopurine treatments in extending vase life

With the aim of extending vase life of cut dahlia flowers, we investigated the postharvest characteristics of the flowers. Our focus was on the role of ethylene on senescence and on treatments that have extended vase life of other flowers. Continuous exposure to ethylene at 2 or 10 μL L⁻¹ significantly accelerated petal abscission in cut flowers. Flowers continuously immersed in 1 or 10 μL L⁻¹ 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) solution wilted earlier than those treated with distilled water (DW) or 0.15 g L⁻¹ citric acid. Ethylene production from the ovary and ray petal was relatively high (4.5 and 0.9 nL g⁻¹ fresh weight h⁻¹, respectively) at harvest, but decreased gradually over 5 days. No remarkable increase in ethylene production was observed during senescence. Silver thiosulfate complex (STS), an inhibitor of ethylene action, did not extend the vase life of cut flowers, although a high silver concentration was detected in flower organs. In contrast, pulse treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and dip treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) extended the vase life of florets, and BA was more effective than 1-MCP when the flowers were held in both DW and CEPA. BA spray treatment extended vase life of cut ‘Kokucho,’ ‘Kamakura’ and ‘Michan’ flowers. These results suggest that dahlia flower senescence is partially regulated by ethylene, and BA is more effective in delaying the senescence of cut dahlia flowers than ethylene action inhibitors.     

Effects of phosphine fumigation on postharvest quality of four Chinese cut flower species

Chrysanthemum (White, Yellow, and Daisy), carnation (Master and Barbara), rose (Carola, Black magic, Diana, Champagne, and Avalanche), and Chinese rose (Golden Medallion, Diplomat, Marina, and Athena) are the main Chinese cut flower species produced for exportation. Cut flowers infested with quarantine pests need methyl bromide (MB) fumigation to satisfy phytosanitary requirements of importing countries. Phosphine (PH₃) is a potential alternative to methyl bromide. Development of phosphine as a phytosanitary treatment requires information regarding its phytotoxicity to cut flowers. Therefore phosphine fumigation at 24 °C and 2 °C was investigated to evaluate its effects on the postharvest quality of cut flowers. Phosphine fumigation for 6 h with dosages as high as 12.2 mg L⁻¹ at 24 °C produced no adverse effects on flower color, diameter, vase life, and other damage indices (DI) for all cultivars. However, different adverse effects on some cultivars were observed after 12 d fumigation at 2 °C. There were significant changes for color values of Carola, Black magic, Diana, Champagne, Avalanche, and Diplomat; significant decrease in flower diameter and vase life of Diana, Champagne, and Avalanche at 3.04 mg L⁻¹, white Chrysanthemum and Diploma at 1.52 and 3.04 mg L⁻¹; significant increase in DI of Champagne and Avalanche at 3.04 mg L⁻¹, and White chrysanthemum, Diana, and Diploma at 1.52 and 3.04 mg L⁻¹. In combination with information on phosphine toxicity to insect pests at ambient and low temperatures in the literature, it is suggested that phosphine fumigation could be a viable replacement of MB fumigation for quarantine treatment of these four cut flower species.