龙眼褐斑病病原及其生物学特性

 龙眼褐斑病是危害龙眼苗期的一种主要叶部病害,根据病原菌形态、致病性,鉴定此菌为Bartalinia bischofiae Nag Raj。该菌生长最适温度为25~28℃,pH值为7~9,它能有效地利用各种碳源,但以阿拉伯树胶粉最好,氮源以硝酸铵最适。分生孢子需在水中才能萌发,3%的葡萄糖溶液可促进孢子萌发,其萌发最适温度为25~28℃,pH值为5~7。     

番茄茎基腐病病原菌的生物学特性

对番茄茎基腐病病原菌生物学特性研究结果表明:病菌菌丝在供试PDA、PSA、2%水琼脂、Richard、番茄煎汁、燕麦片和番茄燕麦等7种培养基中均能良好生长,而在2%水琼脂培养基上生长较为缓慢;菌丝在2～32℃范围内均能生长,最适20℃,致死温度为50℃,10min;菌丝生长的pH范围为3～10,最适为5～7;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。病菌在7种供试培养基上均能产生菌核;菌核在10种供试营养物质中均能萌发,萌发温度范围为5～30℃,最适20℃,致死温度为59℃,10min;菌核萌发pH范围为3～10,最适为7。     

四川省成都市狭叶十大功劳炭疽病病原菌的鉴定与生物学特性研究

为弄清狭叶十大功劳炭疽病的病原菌,从四川省成都市采集疑似为炭疽病的病叶,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,单孢纯化后通过柯赫氏法则验证为致病菌;根据形态学特征,结合多基因系统学,将病原菌鉴定为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola。该菌对温度的适应范围较广,10~35℃之间均能生长和产孢,最适生长和产孢温度均为30℃;光照对菌丝生长和产孢影响不显著;在pH 3~11之间均能生长和产孢,菌丝生长最适pH为7,产孢最适pH为4;葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖和麦芽糖是菌丝生长的最适碳源,麦芽糖为产孢的最适碳源;蛋白胨是生长和产孢的最适氮源。     

水稻叶鞘腐败病的研究——Ⅱ.病原菌生理的研究

 试验表明,病原菌生长发育的温度要求在15~35℃,菌丝生长和孢子形成的最适温度为30℃。病菌适应于较广泛的pH值范围,在pH为3~9之间的培养基上生长良好,但以pH5.5为最佳。连续紫外光照射,对病菌生长有抑制作用,黑暗条件有助于菌丝生长和孢子的形成。该菌能有效地利用各种碳源,以蔗糖和葡萄糖为最佳,淀粉次之。对各种形态氮源的利用基本相仿。在马铃薯-洋菜培养基(PDA)上菌丝生长和孢子的形成为最适。水稻叶鞘和嫩穗的提取液能促进病菌孢子提早萌发及提高发芽率。     

湖北省黄连叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确湖北省黄连叶斑病病原菌种类及其生物学特性,采用常规组织分离法获得病原菌菌株HL-1,通过形态学特征并结合基于ITS序列分析对菌株进行鉴定,并研究该病原菌的生物学特性,用生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明,黄连叶斑病病原菌分生孢子器黑褐色,大小为100.5~120.0μm×175.3~210.0μm;分生孢子无色,单孢,大小为2.0~2.5μm×4.1~5.4μm;该菌株ITS序列系统发育进化分析结果表明,其与耧斗菜茎点霉Phoma aquilegiicola(HM222537.1)的同源性为100%,通过形态学特征及分子鉴定结果确定该菌株为耧斗菜茎点霉。该病原菌在4~25℃内均能生长,最适温度为20℃;不同光照条件对病原菌生长的影响无显著差异;在供试碳(氮)源中病原菌对麦芽糖和蛋白胨的利用效果最好;菌丝的致死温度为50℃、10 min。供试6种药剂中10%苯醚甲环唑对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,其EC_(50)最小,为0.03μg/mL。     

甘肃省马铃薯束梗褐腐病病原鉴定及其生物学特性研究

对甘肃省马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)束梗褐腐病病原进行了分离鉴定和生物学特性研究。经形态特征观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析, 将病原菌鉴定为细基束梗霉［Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers. ex Fr.) F.J. Morton & G. Smith］。生物学特性研究结果表明, 病菌菌丝生长最适温度为25～30 ℃, 最适pH为6, 病菌能利用多种碳源, 但以蔗糖最好, 氮源以甘氨酸最适, 光照对菌丝生长没有影响。分生孢子在5～40 ℃范围内均能萌发, 最适25 ℃, 最适pH为7, 分生孢子萌发需液态水, 湿度低于99%几乎不萌发, 马铃薯汁液和葡萄糖液对孢子萌发有较好的促进作用。本研究为马铃薯束梗褐腐病的防治提供了理论依据。     

草莓褐色轮斑病病原鉴定及室内药效研究*

草莓褐色轮斑病近年越来越严重,尤其在草莓育苗阶段。从草莓发病叶片、匍匐茎上分离得到病原菌,对病原菌进行形态特征观察、生物学特性研究、ITS序列分析以及室内药效试验。结果表明：该病原菌为Sphaeronaemella fragariae。该菌菌丝生长最适温度范围是25～28 ℃;适宜pH为6;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是蔗糖,最适的氮源是酵母浸出液。在供试的9种药剂中,以咪鲜胺1 000倍液对病菌的抑制作用最好。     

梨胶锈菌的重寄生菌研究——Ⅱ重寄生菌的生物学特性

 梨胶锈菌(Cymnosporangium asiaticum Miyabe ex Yamada)的重寄生菌(Tuberculina vinosa Sacc.)在PDA、综合马铃薯和梨叶汁培养基上能生长、产孢,以PDA最好,Czapek和硝酸铵蔗糖上生长差且不产孢。菌丝生长和产孢的适温20~30℃,适宜pH6~9,荧光可促进产孢而黑光有抑制作用。对碳源的利用,菌丝生长和干重以甘露醇、葡萄糖等6种碳源为好,甘露醇最佳,淀粉最差;葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖和甘露醇中均能产孢,以葡萄糖最好。对氮源的利用,菌丝生长及干重以硝酸钾、甘氨酸和蛋白胨为好;产孢以天冬酰胺、蛋白胨和硝酸钾为好,甘氨酸和谷氨酸不产孢。孢子萌发适温15~30℃,相对湿度65~100%均能萌发,在水滴中萌发率最高,低于50%不萌发;最适pH4~6,低于pH3和高于pH8不萌发;光照有利于孢子萌发。     

莲雾软腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性研究

莲雾果实采后产生的主要病害为软腐病。本试验对莲雾果实采后软腐病病原菌进行了分离纯化,运用形态学和分子生物学对病原菌进行了鉴定,并研究了其病原菌生物学特性。结果表明,引起莲雾果软腐病的病原菌是异色拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis versicolor)。生物学特性研究结果表明,该病原菌最适生长温度为25℃,最适菌丝生长的相对湿度为75%~80%,湿度对菌丝生长影响不大,菌丝在pH 3~9之间都能生长,pH 5~6生长较好;最适碳源为麦芽糖,甘露醇不利于菌丝生长;最适氮源为蛋白胨,尿素不利于菌丝生长。该菌对于光照较敏感,完全黑暗能促进其菌丝生长。该菌的孢子致死温度为55℃10min。其生物学特性说明了莲雾果实软腐病病原菌对生存环境具有比较强的适应能力。     

砖红镰孢生物学特性研究

 砖红镰孢(Fusarium lateritium)在10种不同固体和液体培养基上均能生长。固体培养基以燕麦片培养基上生长最好,水琼脂上生长较差,菌丝也最稀疏;液体培养基中以查氏酵母浸膏培养基上生长量最大,无菌水最差。砖红镰孢在10~30℃均能生长,最适温度25℃,低于5℃或高于35℃时不生长。在pH 4.98~9.18的范围内都能生长,最适pH 7.38。荧光下生长最好,菌丝干重也最多,紫外灯照射对砖红镰孢生长有不利影响。该菌能利用多种单糖、多糖及醇类作碳源和L-丙氨酸等有机氮和硝酸钠等无机氮作氮源。病菌致死温度为50℃ 10 min。大型分生孢子在10~30℃、相对湿度90%~100%和pH 4.98~9.18的范围内均能萌发,其中最适温度为25℃、最适pH为7.38和相对湿度100%中的萌发率最高     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

朱槿茎腐病病原鉴定

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an important landscaping plant in Nanning, Guangxi. In 2019, a new stem rot disease was found in H. rosa-sinensis planting area in Nanning. Six diseased samples were collected, and six fungal isolates were isolated and purified from these samples. The fungi were identified as genus Lasiodiplodia based on morphological characteristics of colony and spore. Combined with the text of Koch's rule and a multi-gene phylogenetic tree with sequences of rDNA-ITS, EF-α and β-tubulin, we confirmed that L. theobromae was the pathogen of the new stem rot disease in Nanning. This is the first report on L. theobromae causing H. rosa-sinensis disease in China.     

广西百香果采后果腐病病原的鉴定

0 引言 百香果(Passiflora edulis),学名西番莲,为西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora Linn.)草质藤本植物,原产于南美洲的巴西,在我国主要种植于热带、亚热带地区,具有极高的营养、保健和商品价值[1-2].目前,我国百香果的主栽品种为紫果百香果(Passiflo...     

高粱新病害顶腐病的初步研究

 我国高粱上发生的新病害顶腐病是由亚粘团串珠镰孢(Fusarinm moniliforme var.subglutinans Wr.&Reink.)侵染引起的。病菌生长的适宜温度为25~30℃,适宜pH值为6~8。小型分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为25~28℃,适宜pH值为6~7。病菌在Bilai培养基上,pH4~11间均易产生大型分生孢子。黑光灯和日光灯照射对大型分生孢子形成有促进作用,且黑光灯优于日光灯;在光照处理下最适宜产生大型孢子的培养基为小麦粒和高粱粒。病菌在PSA培养基上培养10~12天后可产生厚垣孢子。病菌能利用多种碳源,以半乳糖、甘露糖为佳,乳糖、木糖、葡萄糖次之。对氮源利用远不及碳源。人工接种条件下,病菌能侵染高粱、苏丹草、哥伦布草、玉米、谷子、珍珠粟、薏苡、水稻、燕麦、小麦、狗尾草等禾本科植物。     

黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性鉴定

 明确黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌及其生物学特性,为防控提供理论依据。通过病原菌分离、形态特征观察、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析、生物学特性及寄主范围测定等研究,证明该病病原菌为山扁豆生棒孢Corynespora cassiicola;菌丝生长及产孢适宜温度20℃~28℃,孢子萌发适宜温度24℃~32℃,菌丝致死温度49℃处理10 min;菌丝生长适宜pH 6~10,产孢适宜pH 4~8,孢子萌发最适pH 8;光暗交替适合菌丝生长与产孢,连续光照可抑制菌丝生长;菌丝生长量由少到多培养基顺序为CA、PCA、PDA、CMA、OA,而PDA上产孢最多;刺伤接种,病菌可侵染喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)等植物。黄脉爵床棒孢霉叶斑病病原为山扁豆生棒孢C. cassiicola,病菌易产孢,寄主广,潜育期短。该病菌侵染黄脉爵床为首次报道。     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

核桃枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

In May 2018,a new shoot dieback disease was found in several walnut orchards in Rizhao,Shandong Province.The fungal pathogen was obtained on PDA plate from diseased walnut shoots using a tissue isolation method.The purified fungal isolates formed white to grey colonies on PDA plate and three single spore isolates SDWa1-SDWa3 were obtained.Based on morphological characteristics and analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),calmodulin (CAL),translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (TUB) sequences,the fungal isolates were identified as Diaporthe nobilis,a new pathogen on walnut.The test of Koch's rule confirmed that D.nobilis was the pathogen of walnut shoot dieback.To determine optimal growing conditions for the pathogen,its biological characteristics test was conducted.The results showed that the optimal growth temperature and pH value were at 25℃ and pH 5-9,respectively.The optimum carbon source was glucose,and favourable nitrogen source was peptone.     

生菜软腐和菌核病拮抗菌贝莱斯芽胞杆菌BPC6鉴定与防效

软腐病和菌核病是生菜生产中两大毁灭性病害。为有效控制这2种病害，利用平板稀释和对峙法，从生菜根际土壤中分离到一株拮抗菌BPC6，其菌悬液、无菌滤液对软腐病菌Pectobacterium carotovorum和菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum的生长均具有抑制效果，该菌株也能抑制其他14种植物病原菌的生长。形态学、16S rDNA及基因组序列分析将其鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。BPC6能产生纤维素酶和蛋白酶，不能产生几丁质酶和嗜铁素。比浊法分析的生长曲线显示，BPC6能在1%～10% NaCl及pH 5.0～9.0条件下生长。通过分析不同浓度BPC6对软腐病菌和菌核病菌侵染生菜离体叶片的影响，明确了菌株BPC6适宜用量为1.4×10⁹～2.8×10⁹ CFU/mL。菌株BPC6对生菜软腐病和菌核病盆栽防效分别为44.09%和53.58%，对菌核病大田防效为77.41%。本研究表明BPC6是一株对生菜软腐病和菌核病具有拮抗作用的潜在生防菌。