饲料中添加喹乙醇对建鲤生长的影响

饲料中添加喹乙醇对建鲤生长的影响文良印，李义，杨加琼，杨娟，汤承荣（四川畜牧兽医学院水产系）喹乙醇，化学名称是２—甲基—３—羟乙酰胺基—喹哑啉—１，４—二氧化物。早已在畜禽业上应用，是一种低毒、高效、用量少的抗菌促长剂。将喹乙醇应用于国内水产业上的研...     

螺旋藻对彭泽鲫生长性能的影响

通过向彭泽鲫(Pengze Crucian Carp)的基础日粮中添加螺旋藻,以研究其促生长效能。结果表明:2％、4％ 这两种添加剂量均能显著提高彭泽鲫的生长性能(P<0.01),试验组和对照组的相对增重率分别为125.42％、137.66％和 103.43％,饲料系数比对照组分别提高了9.82％和15.18％,成活率也有不同程度的提高。     

螺旋藻对彭泽鲫生长性能的影响

通过向彭泽鲫 (PengzeCrucianCarp)的基础日粮中添加螺旋藻 ,以研究其促生长效能。结果表明 :2 %、4 %这两种添加剂量均能显著提高彭泽鲫的生长性能 (P <0 .0 1) ,试验组和对照组的相对增重率分别为12 5 .4 2 %、137.6 6 %和 10 3.4 3% ,饲料系数比对照组分别提高了 9.82 %和 15 .18% ,成活率也有不同程度的提高。     

建鲤试养总结

建鲤是中国水产科学院淡水渔业研究中心通过杂交定向选育创建的一个鲤鱼新品种。具有生长速度快、容易繁殖,肉质好、含肉率高、适宜各种水体养殖和市场俏销等优点。1987年5月,浠水县水产良种场在黄冈地区水产局奚绍礽总工程师的指导下,率先从淡水渔业研究中心引进建鲤夏花鱼种进行试养。1989年又承担了地区水产局下达的“建鲤试养试验课题”任务,进行建鲤主养、混养等试验,现将引种、繁殖和主养试验情况报告如下:     

鲤鱼（建鲤）营养与配合饲料（一）

鲤鱼（建鲤）营养与配合饲料（一）鲤鱼是我国主要养殖鱼类，迄今已有二千四百多年的饲养历史。建鲤是淡水渔业研究中心张建森、孙小异教授等人以特定的荷包红鲤和元江鲤为亲本，采用家系选育、系间杂交及雌核发育等技术综合育种新方法而培育成的，经杂交定向选育成遗传性...     

建鲤适宜在寒冷地区养殖

建鲤是张建森,孙小异等长期采用一系列育种新技术,新方法定向造育出的优良品种,近些年在6南方部份省的推广试养,生长比普通鲤鱼快30～40％.显示出极好的增产效果。鲤鱼是我省池塘,网箱精养渔业的主要对象.为了解建鲤在北方寒冷地区的生长和适应情况.1987年5月从中国水     

建鲤养殖的初步试验

建鲤是农业部推广的优良品种之一。为了考察建鲤在我地区的适应程度,验证其优良经济性状,1991年在本所试验场和灯塔县柳条寨乡朱官台村进行养殖试验,取得良好的效果。现将试验场养殖情况报告如下:     

建鲤夏花八十天养成技术

建鲤是中国水产科学院淡水渔业研究中心精心培育的新品种，它具有生长速度快 (比其它鲤鱼品种快 30％ )，易驯化、体型好、肉质好等优点，采用全价优质颗粒饲料，经科学喂养，严格控制水质，综合防治鱼病等管理措施， 80天亩净产商品鱼 1000公斤以上，饲料系数为 1.3～ 1.6。 　　一、池塘条件 　　池塘选择应通风好，光照好，水源充足，水质好，进排方便，进排水口必须设有拦鱼滤杂设施，面积 4～ 8亩为宜，水深 1.5～ 2.0米，池底平坦，池边整齐，池周空气对流良好，并备有增氧机、发电机及排灌设备。 　　二、鱼种放养 　　1.鱼种放养…     

低聚壳聚糖对建鲤生长和免疫功能的影响

本试验将壳聚糖加入建鲤饲料中,探讨其对建鲤的促生长效果,以及抗病和免疫功能的影响。一、材料与方法1.试验设计试验分为1个对照组和4个处理组,每个处理组都是     

酶解植物蛋白对建鲤生长、肝胰脏和肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响

试验考察了酶解植物蛋白对建鲤生长性能、肝胰脏和肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响.体质量为(9.18±0.21)g的建鲤900尾,随机分成6个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,分别饲喂酶解植物蛋白替代相应完整植物蛋白0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的试验饵料,试验期为60 d.结果表明,酶解蛋白替代完整蛋白40%时,生长速度最快,饵料系数最低,摄饵量、蛋白和灰分沉积率最高;替代比例在60%以下时,肠重和肠皱襞高度、肠道脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶、Na ,K -ATP酶的活性随着替代比例的上升而显著增加;替代比例超过60%以后,生长速度显著降低、饵料系数升高,肠道酶活、皱襞高度、蛋白沉积率下降,而肝胰脏谷草转氨酶活性、血氨浓度和脂肪沉积率升高(P<0.05).结果表明,适宜比例的酶解植物蛋白能促进建鲤生长、肝胰脏和肠道发育,提高饲料利用率.     

建鲤生长性状QTL区间及其与镜鲤同源性比对

以建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. jian)F₁群体的94尾个体为材料, 利用254个微卫星标记构建了建鲤的遗传图谱, 并对体长、体高和体厚性状进行了QTL定位, 共检测到17个生长相关性状QTL, 分布在10个连锁群上, 解释表型变异为10.8%~35.2%。以相同的分子标记, 构建建鲤与镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)的比较图谱, 分析了建鲤和镜鲤群体生长性状QTL的同源性关系。结果表明, 建鲤与镜鲤图谱具有广泛的共线性或同线性关系, 建鲤每个连锁群在镜鲤图谱中均找到了对应的同源连锁群, 其中建鲤10个生长性状QTL与镜鲤13个相同性状QTL具有同源性, 同源比例高达58.8%。同时发现, 建鲤QTL置信区间相对较大, 与之同源的镜鲤QTL置信区间较小, 通常位于建鲤QTL子区间内, 定位结果更精细。此外, 建鲤与镜鲤连锁群上都存在QTL的富集区域, 而这些富集区域常常存在于同源连锁群的共线性区域, 可作为标记辅助选择的重点区域。鲤通用QTL的发掘, 为分子标记辅助育种和更进一步的精细定位打下基础。

     

螺旋藻培养中轮虫的防治方法

向螺旋藻培养液中投入阿维菌素(伊维菌素)或尿素,均可有效杀死其中的轮虫.试验结果表明,阿维菌素的浓度在0.0055 mg/L及以上时可产生防治效果;尿素的浓度在0.15‰时即可起到防治效果,最佳浓度在0.20‰,超过0.35‰时会对藻丝生长产生不利影响.     

建鲤自交及与黄河鲤正反杂交子代的生长比较和通径分析

以建鲤、黄河鲤为亲本,建立了建鲤自交JL(建鲤♀×建鲤♂)、正交JH(建鲤♀×黄河鲤♂)、反交HJ(黄河鲤♀×建鲤♂)3个试验组合,PIT标记后在养殖157、398、598 d时测定生长参数.结果表明:(1)157、398 d时增重率均为HJ>JH>JL,HJ与JL差异显著(P<0.05);598 d时JL>JH>HJ,子代差异不显著(P>0.05).(2)体长、体重的变异系数在157、398 d 时HJ>JH>JL,598 d 时JL>HJ>JH.体长的变异系数小于体重的变异系数.(3)肥满度随养殖时间增加而增长,JL的肥满度最高并与JH、HJ差异显著;(4)雌、雄鱼生长差异显著,雌鱼生长始终快于JL;雄鱼仅在157 d时有优势,398、598 d时杂种优势衰退.(5)在对体重的决定系数上,398 d时子代均以体长的决定系数占主导;598 d时HJ(♀)、JL(♀)中体高的决定系数占主导,JL(♂)、HJ(♂)、JH(♀)中体长的决定系数占主导,JH(♂)中体长、体高对体重的决定系数差异很小.(6)养殖时间对体重的差异显著性、绝对增重率无显著影响(P>0.05),对体长、绝对增长率、特定生长率、体重变异系数、生长指标及肥满度有极显著影响(P<0.01);鱼的不同交配组合和不同性别对上述生长参数均有极显著影响.     

Effect of dietary iron levels on growth,body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effect of iron on growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activities. Diets with seven levels of iron (53.9, 90.0, 115.6, 146.1, 176.0, 215.8 and 266.0 mg iron kg^?1 diet) were fed to Jian carp (initial weight 11.4 ± 0.0 g). Per cent weight gain (PWG), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio were the lowest in fish fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). Body protein content was increased with the increasing iron levels (P < 0.05), but moisture, lipid and ash of fish were not significantly affected by dietary iron levels (P > 0.05). Activities of trypsin, lipase, α‐amylase, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase were improved with increasing dietary iron levels. Serum iron were significantly enhanced with dietary iron levels up to 146.1 mg iron kg^?1 diet, and plateaued. In conclusion, iron improved digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp and the dietary iron requirement for serum iron of juvenile Jian carp (11.4–64.0 g) was 147.4 mg iron kg^?1 diet with ferrous fumarate as the iron source.     

Effect of dietary pantothenic acid supplement on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A 9-week feeding trial was carried out with juvenile Jian carp to study the effect of dietary pantothenic acid (PA) on growth, body composition and intestinal enzyme activities. Semi-purified diets with seven levels (4.0, 15.5, 25.6, 36.1, 45.9, 56.1 and 65.9 mg PA kg⁻¹) of supplemental calcium d -pantothenate were fed to Jian carp (13.0 ± 0.0 g). PA improved specific growth rate (SGR), protein productive value (PPV), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lipid production value (LPV) ( P <  0.05). Fish fed the control diet had significantly lower feed efficiency (FE) than that in any other group ( P <  0.05). Body protein content increased with increasing PA levels ( P <  0.05), but moisture, lipid and ash of fish carcasses were negatively related to the graded PA levels ( P <  0.05). Intestine protein content (IPC), hepatopancreas protein content (HPC) and activity of α-amylase, lipase, trypsin, Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were all positively affected by the dietary PA levels ( P <  0.05), while intestine index (ISI) and hepatopancreas index (HSI) decreased with the increment of supplemental levels of PA ( P <  0.05). These results suggested that PA could enhance fish growth and intestinal enzyme activities. The dietary PA requirement of juvenile Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var . Jian (13.0–73.0 g), for optimal growth estimated by the broken-line analysis was 23.0 mg PA kg⁻¹ diet.     

Effect of dietary riboflavin on growth,feed utilization,body composition and intestinal enzyme activities of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

A total of 1050 Jian carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian (23.39 ± 0.06 g) were randomly divided into seven groups of each three replicates, which were fed respectively with seven semi‐purified diets contained 1.25, 2.71, 4.22, 5.78, 7.23, 8.83 and 11.44 mg riboflavin kg^?1 diet for 6 weeks. The results showed that riboflavin significantly improved percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio at the level of 4.22 mg kg^?1 diet. Gross protein retention efficiency and lipid production value improved with increasing dietary riboflavin levels from 1.25 to 5.78 mg kg^?1. Activities of trypsin, lipase, α‐amylase, Na⁺,K⁺‐ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in the intestinal tract were significantly improved with increasing riboflavin levels. Weight and protein content of hepatopancreas, intestine protein and intestine length index were also significantly improved.     

Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth, proximate composition and organoleptic quality of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.

The effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth, carcass composition, organoleptic quality, digestive enzyme activity and digestibility of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., was studied through a culture trial lasting 120 days. Four experimental diets were employed by replacing fish meal protein from the standard diet at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% through the incorporation of Spirulina. Another diet with Spirulina as the sole source of protein was also used. The final weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of common carp were not affected by Spirulina supplementation. However, the diet with Spirulina as the sole source of protein resulted in better net protein retention. The muscle RNA:DNA ratio of fish fed Spirulina diets was higher than that of fish fed control diet. There was no significant difference in carcass moisture and protein content in the fish fed Spirulina diets as compared to fish-meal-based control diet. The carcass ash and fat contents were positively and negatively correlated with dietary Spirulina level, respectively. Organoleptic evaluation revealed no effect of Spirulina feeding on the quality of both raw and cooked fish. The gut digestive enzyme activity did not show any definite trend with respect to Spirulina supplementation. Spirulina improved the protein digestibility of the diets.     

Effect of replacing dietary fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal on growth and fatty acid composition of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

To explore the effect of replacing dietary fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (BSFLM) on growth and body composition of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), the FM in basal diet of Jian carp was replaced by 0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 g/kg BSFLM respectively to form five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets. A total of 300 Jian carp (10.1 ± 1.6 g) were randomly divided into five groups (triplicate per group) and fed five diets, respectively. After 56 days of feeding, growth and body composition of fish were determined. Results showed that serum maleic dialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, 18:1n‐9, 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in fish significantly decreased and 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 significantly increased with increasing replacement of BSFLM. The growth, biological parameters, proximate composition, amino acid composition and serum biochemical parameters of Jian carp were not affected by the replacement of BSFLM. In conclusion, up to 140 g/kg BSFLM (100% replacement of FM) can be included in diets of Jian carp without unfavourable effects on growth while decreasing n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) composition in body of fish, suggesting that BSFLM could be used after nutrient enrichment with n‐3 HUFA to bring active effects on fish quality.