中国原折麻蝇族的分布与寄主研究(双翅目:麻蝇科)

该文报告了我国麻蝇亚科原折麻蝇族折麻蝇属Ｂｌａｅｓｏｘｉｐｈａ和锚折麻蝇属Ｓｅｒｖａｉｓｉａ２３种蝇类,它们均具有典型的寄生性,其寄主多是森林、牧草和农作物害虫。列出这些天敌昆虫的分布、寄主和简易鉴别特征,谨供参考。     

中国原折麻蝇族的分布与寄主研究（双翅目：麻蝇科）

该文报告了我国麻蝇亚科原折麻蝇族折麻蝇属和锚折麻蝇属２３种蝇类，它们均具有典型的寄生性，其寄主多是森林，牧草和农作物害虫，列出这些天敌昆虫的分布，寄主和简易鉴别特征，谨供参考。     

中国弓背蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科)昆虫研究(续)

江华弓背蚊Camponotus jianghuaensis Xiao et Wang正模(大型工蚁)TL 9.23, HL 2.48, HW 2.15, HI 87, SL 2.2a, SI 102, CL 0.83, CW 0.85,CI 102, PW 1.32, OD 0.52, PI 61, WL 3.20, ML 2.77。大型工蚁TL 9.23—9.62, HL 2.48—2.56, HW 2.15—2.30, HI 87—90, SL 2.17—2.20, SI 94—102, CL 0.83—0.87, CW 0.85—0.86, CI 101—102, PW 1.32—1.40, OD 0.51—0.52, PI 61, WL 3.20—3.29ML 2.77—2.82。     

中国的副姬蜂属(膜翅目:姬蜂科)及三新记录种

报道我国副姬蜂属(Alloplasta Foerster）的种类，其中3个中国新记录：趾副姬蜂（A.plantaria Gravenhorst），长柄副姬蜂（A.longipetiolaris Uchida），被毛副姬蜂（A.tomentosa Gravenhorst)。对新记录种进行了重新描述。编制了中国已知种检索表。     

竹子新害虫竹笋绒茎蝇的鉴定(双翅目:茎蝇科)

双翅目(Diptera)的茎蝇科(Psilidae)为无瓣蝇类(Acalyptratae)中的一个小类群,已知百余种分布在世界各地区,但以全北区为主。茎蝇科的幼虫是植食性的,为害多种植物的茎、干、根等,并常造成虫瘿,可能成为农、林、果、蔬及花卉等的潜在害虫,欧洲广布的胡萝卜茎蝇(carrot fly)就是一例。     

中国弓背蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科)昆虫研究

本文对中国弓背蚁属进行了较系统的研究,共报道32种蚂蚁,其中10种为新种,4种为新地位种,4种为中国新记录种。文中附有种的检索表。     

甘肃叶蜂新记录科属及中国新记录属名录(膜翅目:广腰亚目)

通过多年的系统调查和分类研究,发现记录甘肃叶蜂4总科9科124属494种,其中2种甘肃新记录科:项蜂科Xiphydriidae、广蜂科Megalodontesidae;3种中国新记录属:皱顶项蜂属Platyxiphydria Takeuchi、纹潜叶蜂属Kaliofenusa Viereck和狭刻叶蜂属Dimorphoperyx Ashmead,75甘肃新记录属.编制了甘肃叶蜂分科检索表.     

中国铺道蚁属(膜翅目:蚁科)昆虫研究

本文对中国的铺道蚁属进行了系统研究,共记述15种铺道蚁,其中新种4种,新记录2种。     

中国长珠蚧属一新种记述(同翅目:蚧总科:珠蚧科)

报道发现于北京国槐上的蚧虫一新种--槐树长珠蚧(Neogreenia sophorica Wu,sp.nov.),详细记述并描绘该种各虫龄的形态特征,编制长珠蚧属(Neogreenia MacGillivray)世界种类的分种检索表.     

中国西北地区绅元叶蜂属二新种(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

记述中国西北地区叶蜂科绅元叶蜂属2新种:糙眶绅元叶蜂Taxoblenus temporalis Wei et Nie sp. nov.和王氏绅元叶蜂 T. wangi Nie et Wei sp. nov.;首次报道和描述红足绅元叶蜂T. rufipes Wei et Nie的雄虫.修订了绅元叶蜂属分种检索表.模式标本保存于中南林学院昆虫标本室.糙眶绅元叶蜂与T. rufipes Wei et Nie 近似,但后头和后眶刻点十分致密,无光泽,雌虫触角等长于胸腹部之和,雄虫触角约等长于虫体,爪内齿微小,抱器中部不宽于基部,阳茎瓣头叶十分狭窄,顶端无钩;王氏绅元叶蜂与T. temporalis Wei et Nie sp. nov. 近似,但体较大,爪具基片,单眼后区无中脊;雌虫触角明显侧扁,第3节2倍长于复眼短径;雌虫锯刃单叶状突出,翅痣大部黑褐色;雄虫抱器中部明显宽于基部,抱器端部的细毛很短,阳茎瓣具顶侧突.     

Further description ofStrobilomyia melaniola (Fan) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

In a recent paper, V. Michelsen(1988, Systematic Entomology 13: 271–314) revised 18 world species of anthomyiid cone and seed pests and described a new genus,Strobilomyia gen. n. He consideredS. melaniola of Northeast China to be a synonym ofS. viaria of North America. That they are the same species is not accepted. We compared the morphological characters of male and femaleS. melaniola adults with the close relatives,S. viaria andS. sibirica. We conclude that they are not the same species and that S.melaniola is an independent species.     

肥须亚麻蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇的营养价值

肥须亚麻蝇(PC)和巨尾阿丽蝇(AG)幼虫的干物质中蛋白质含量高于60%,成虫干物质中蛋白质含量高于70%。幼虫、成虫必需氨基酸总的含量[g·(100g)-1蛋白质]在46~59之间,均高于FAO/WHO的标准模式35;幼虫、成虫必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量的比值均大于40%的标准模式。在必需氨基酸中,除缬氨酸、蛋氨酸 胱氨酸含量低于优质蛋白模式外,其余均高于标准模式。幼虫的脂肪含量为20%左右,成虫的脂肪含量不到10%,成虫、幼虫不饱和脂肪酸含量均达脂肪酸总量的70%以上。必需脂肪酸均为亚油酸,幼虫亚油酸含量高于40%,成虫亚油酸含量仅为17%左右。PC和AG幼虫中Fe、Zn的含量分别是Fe684、664μg·g-1,Zn170·5、158·0μg·g-1。幼虫Ca含量相当于优质大豆,分别为0·46%、0·48%;P含量高于一般奶粉,分别为0·57%、0·54%。PC、AG幼虫的Ca、P比值分别为0·81、0·89,均高于0·5的理想值。     

Toxicity and repellence of Taiwanese indigenous djulis, Chenopodium formosaneum, against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Forcipomyia taiwana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

The biological activity of djulis (Chenopodium formosaneum) extracts was evaluated against mosquitoes and biting midges. Djulis extracts were relatively nontoxic to Aedes albopictus larvae. However, they showed interesting repellence against adult mosquitoes as estimated by the median effective dosages (ED₅₀). ED₅₀ values for djulis extracts against mosquito adults in descending order were: seed extracted with methanol (0.83 %), seed extracted with dichloromethane (0.66 %), leaf extracted with methanol (0.50 %), and leaf extracted with dichloromethane (0.40 %). Field tests also suggested that djulis methanol extracts were effective at about a 1 % level against biting midges (Forcipomyia taiwana). A total of 15 and 20 compounds accounting for 88.8 and 79.9 % in the seed and leaf extract, respectively were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Among these, 9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride, (Z, Z) was found in both as well as being the major constituent in the leaf extract (35.7 %). Further studies on the repellent property of the extracts against mosquitoes and biting midges are warranted.     

沙棘绕实蝇的生物学习性

[目的]沙棘绕实蝇严重危害沙棘果实,使沙棘种植地蒙受巨大经济损失。研究其生物学习性,可以为有效监测和控制沙棘绕实蝇提供理论指导。[方法]通过室内人工饲养和野外观察,研究沙棘绕实蝇的羽化、交尾、产卵、化蛹等生物学习性和野外发生动态。[结果]沙棘绕实蝇成虫在野外从6月中旬至8月上旬均可见到,发生量受天气影响较大;成虫主要集中在6:00—10:00羽化,羽化量占当日羽化量的81.3%,羽化高峰出现在8:00—9:00;化蛹时间主要集中在凌晨0:00—6:00,尤其是3:00—6:00钻出果实化蛹的幼虫数量较多,与其它时间段有明显差异;交尾时间主要集中在白天光照比较强的时间段,一天当中有两次交尾高峰,分别出现在12:00—13:00和16:00—17:00,交尾平均持续时长为239±11.86 min;沙棘绕实蝇产卵期沙棘果长径6.65±0.28 mm,宽径5.47±0.40 mm,一果只产一卵。[结论]沙棘绕实蝇在内蒙古磴口地区一年发生一代,幼虫钻蛀果实,蛹隐藏在地下,成虫期较短,防治工作应集中在成虫期进行。     

Larvicidal activity of Solanum villosum Mill (Solanaceae: Solanales) leaves to Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae) with effect on non-target Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Chloroform-methanol extract of mature leaves from Solanum villosum Mill (Solanaceae: Solanales) was investigated to establish its biocontrol potentiality under laboratory condition against larval forms of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae), the vector of human malaria. All the graded concentrations (30, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) showed significant (P < 0.05) larval mortality and results of regression equations revealed that the mortality rates were positively correlated with the concentrations of the extract (R ² close to 1). LC₅₀ values for all instars were between 24.20 and 33.73 ppm after 24 h and between 23.47 and 30.63 ppm after 48 h of exposure period. Significant changes in the larval mortality (F < 0.05) was also recorded between instars during single “ANOVA” analysis. This extract also demonstrated no toxicity to larvae of Chironomus circumdatus Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) which were found to be present as most common non-target dipteran insect in the habitats of A. subpictus. Qualitative and chromatographic analysis of the solvent extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, terpenoids, volatile oil, steroids, phenols and flavonoids as major bioactive phytochemicals.     

Applied biological control with Tachinid flies (Diptera,Tachinidae): A review

From the beginning of this century, tachinid flies have been involved in many operations of applied biological control against different insect pests. A review is done about utilization of Tachinidae all over the world. These parasitoid insects were used by inoculative, augmentative or inundative releases. Most of the operations were accomplished in the nearctic and neotropical regions. Sometimes great successes were obtained especially in North America and in tropical areas. Success or failure of release processes may be explained by different ways shortly analysed.     

Deroceras laeve Müll. (Mollusca: Limacidae), ein Eiräuber von Pegomyia betae Curt. (Muscidae)

Observations on the predacious activity of Deroceras laeve Müll. (Mollusca: Limacidae)on eggs of Pegomyia betae Curt.(Muscidae) and Epilachna varivestis Muls.(Coccinellidae). Deroceras laeve was observed feeding on eggs ofPegomyia betae in the laboratory and in the field. Since little is known about predacious behaviour of species of Limacidae, tests were conducted on the food preferences in two sets of experiments: (1) eggs ofP. betae on sugar beet leaves and (2) eggs ofEpilachna varivestis on bush bean leaves. Eggs ofP. betae were preferred over sugar beet leaf tissue (Fig. 1 and 2). The results showed that the slugs in addition to feeding on the eggs consume small amounts of the surrounding plant surface tissue. The feeding on eggs, however, was not considered to be accidential, because on leaves lacking eggs or on leaves with decreasing number of eggs,D. laeve fed predominantly on the tissue of the leaf margin. In the other set of experiments withE. varivestis the slugs were also found feeding on eggs, but showed a higher preference for plant tissue when compared with P. betae (Table 1).     

Key to the puparium of three larch cone flies in Strobilomyia (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

The key for puparia of the three species of larch-cone-flics (Strobilomyia) is developed based on their external morphological characteristics on anal (posterior) part which includes segmental protrusions and background texture. Some characteristics which are only visible under scanning microscope are also included even though they are supplementary in this key. Those three commonly found larch-cone-infestinganthomgiids arestrobilomyia melania, S. infrequens andS. laricicola.     

New parasitoids of Paraphytomyza populi (Kltb.) (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in Bulgaria

The parasitoid complex of Paraphytomyza populi (Kltb.) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was studied in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1997. Poplar leaves with P. populi larvae and pupae were collected from poplar stump shoots and examined in a laboratory. As a result, eleven parasitoid species were established: Chorebus albipes (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), Pediobius metallicus (Nees), Danuviella subplana Erdos, Chrysocharis nephereus (Walker), Chrysocharis pubicornis (Zetterstedt), Diglyphus crassinervis Erdos, Diglyphus isaea (Walker), Diglyphus albiscapus Erdos, Cirrospilus diallus Walker, Cirrospilus pictus (Nees) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and Elasmus sp. (Hymenoptera, Elasmidae). Six species (D. crassinervis, D. isaea, D. albiscapus, C. diallus, C. pictus and Elasmus sp.) have been recorded as new parasitoids of P. populi. The genus Danuviella was found for the first time in Bulgaria. Five species (C. albipes, P. metallicus, D. subplana, D. crassinervis and D. albiscapus) are new records for the fauna of the country. The total mortality of P. populi caused by parasitoids was 19.1?% and 49.0?% for the overwintering and the summer generations, respectively. P. metallicus was the most important in reducing the pest number.     

柿伪安瘿蚊生物学特性及其防治研究

柿伪安瘿蚊主要危害浙江省兰溪市的本地品种大红柿。其幼虫在当年生枝条皮上取食并形成虫瘿,严重影响柿子产量。柿伪安瘿蚊在兰溪１ａ发生１代,以１龄幼虫在柿树受害枝条上的虫瘿内越冬。下沉年份５月上旬成虫羽化降雨量的大小可以直接影响发生量,多雨湿润的年份发生量大,干旱少雨的年份尤其是春季干旱可以明显降低虫口数量。实生苗上虫口数量很少,野柿实生苗为砧木,大红柿为接穗的嫁接苗上虫口数量最多,春梢上虫口数量较夏梢