不同用途优质小麦籽粒品质、产量与环境效应基因型差异研究

不同优质小麦因其具体用途不同,对蛋白质含量、面筋含量、沉降值等指标要求不同。通过3种不同用途的优质小麦品种在9种不同水肥处理条件下的产量和籽粒品质的研究,结果表明：不同的基因型品种其籽粒品质和产量指标存在极显著差异;小麦产量及籽粒品质主要决定基因遗传效应,同时水肥效应和品种水肥互作效应对籽粒品质和产量有极显著影响。不同基因型优质小麦籽粒品质和产量指标在水肥处理间变异程度不同。     

分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响

研究分层供水条件下施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响, 为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤, 进行土柱模拟试验, 研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响。试验设不施磷和施磷于0~30 cm和 30~60 cm土层 3种处理, 每个施磷水平下设整体湿润和上干下湿 （0~30 cm土层干旱胁迫, 30~60 cm土层湿润） 2种水分处理。不同土层水磷处理显著影响冬小麦产量和磷、 氮、 钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配。结果表明, 与整体湿润处理相比, 上干下湿水分处理下冬小麦产量和籽粒氮、 磷、 钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05), 其他营养器官养分累积量及分配率则差异不显著。磷肥施用深度对冬小麦产量和不同器官氮、 磷、 钾养分累积量和分配率的影响与不同土层的土壤水分状况有关。整体湿润条件下, 与磷肥表施处理相比, 磷肥深施处理产量显著降低(P＜0.05), 减产 7.49%, 上干下湿水分条件下, 则相反, 增产 11.2%(P＜0.05); 整体湿润条件下, 与磷肥表施处理处理相比, 磷肥深施处理显著降低叶片+茎鞘氮、 磷、 钾累积量(P＜0.05), 对分配率的影响差异均不显著, 上干下湿水分处理下, 与磷肥表施处理相比, 磷肥深施处理籽粒氮、 磷、 钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05)。本模拟试验结果表明, 土壤水分供应不足时, 磷肥深施提高冬小麦籽粒氮、 磷、 钾养分累积量及分配率, 促进光合产物向穗部转移,从而有利于形成高产。     

施磷量对春小麦产量及种子活力的影响

本试验旨在研究施磷量与小麦产量及其构成因素、小麦种子活力影响,为生产中合理施用磷肥、生产高活力种子、提高小麦产量提供理论依据。采用裂区试验设计,以春小麦‘新春26号’(A_1)、‘新春34号’(A_2)为主区,施磷量为副区,设P_0、P_1、P_2、P_3、P_4共5个水平,分别为0、45、90、135、180 kg/hm2。结果表明,施磷量对春小麦干物质总量、籽粒产量、收获指数、穗粒数、千粒重、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗根长、幼苗苗长均有极显著性影响(P0.01),对主穗长、结实小穗数影响不显著(P0.05);品种间籽粒产量有极显著性差异(P0.01),主穗长呈显著差异(P0.05);种子活力与籽粒产量有显著相关性,与主穗长、结实小穗数、千粒重、施磷量间有着极显著相关性。在0~135 kg/hm~2范围内增施磷肥能够增加小麦的穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量,提高种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,增加其干鲜重、根系长度,提高春小麦种子活力;但过量施用磷肥不利于小麦产量及其构成因素的进一步提高。磷肥施用量为135 kg/hm~2时,2个品种春小麦产量及种子活力显著高于其他各施磷处理,因此从经济角度来看,磷肥最适施加量为135 kg/hm~2。     

不同供磷水平小麦苗期根系特征与其相对产量的关系

研究了缺磷条件下不同基因型小麦苗期根系形态学及生理学适应特征 ,结果表明 :在缺磷环境中 ,小麦根轴数量和侧根长度明显减小 ,同化物向根部的分配比例增加 ,根轴长度、侧根数量和根系长度等均是显著提高。供试基因型小麦的根轴数量及其长度的差异在每个供磷水平及不同供磷水平之间均是显著的 ,说明这两种性状的差异是由基因型和环境因素共同决定的 ;而侧根特征的差异只在不同供磷水平之间是显著的 ,表明侧根性状主要是受环境因素控制的。对 6种基因型小麦的研究表明 ,高磷水平的小麦种子根的生长角度明显低于低磷处理的小麦 ,根角之间存在着显著的基因型差异。在缺磷条件下 ,6种基因型小麦完整根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性、根轴数量、根轴长度、根生长角度和根系长度之间均存在着显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明 ,缺磷条件下的小麦苗期根系形态指标和根系分泌的酸性磷酸酶活性的交互作用与小麦的相对产量之间具有显著的线性关系 ,这种关系说明以上 5种性状均可作为早期有效地筛选磷高效小麦品种的指标     

小麦/蚕豆间作条件下磷对作物产量和相关生理指标的影响

试验选择小麦/蚕豆模式,设计不同的磷水平,对小麦/蚕豆系统经济产量和相关生理指标做了初步分析。结果得出：供磷显著提高了小麦和蚕豆的经济产量。与不供磷 (P0) 相比,中磷处理(P1)小麦籽粒增产51.78%,蚕豆增产24.16%;高磷处理(P2)小麦增产58.05%,蚕豆增产23.74%。结果也表明：供磷提高系统经济产量可能是由于磷是光合作用的底物和调节物,有利于小麦抽穗期（蚕豆开花期）作物上位叶片叶绿素含量的提高,同时增加了植株中光合中间产物可溶性糖的积累,促进营养物质向籽粒的转化。供磷也提高了作物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量,但处理间差异不显著。     

种植方式和磷素水平互作对陆稻和水稻产量及磷素利用的影响**

以粳型陆稻中旱3号和粳型水稻扬辐粳8号为材料,设置裸地旱种和水种2种种植方式及3种磷素(P₂O₅)水平：低磷(LP),45 kg hm^-2;常磷(NP),90 kg hm^-2;高磷(HP),135 kg hm^-2。结果表明,在旱种条件下,增加施磷量,陆稻和水稻HP和NP的产量和磷素累积量均较LP显著增加,陆稻HP和NP的磷素物质生产效率和磷素籽粒生产效率较LP显著下降,而水稻的差异不显著; 在水种条件下,陆稻的产量、磷素累积量和磷素籽粒生产效率HP较NP差异不显著,但较LP显著增加,磷素物质生产效率HP较NP显著下降,水稻产量、磷素累积量HP较NP有下降趋势,磷素物质生产效率和磷素籽粒生产效率HP和NP之间差异不显著。旱种使稻株不定根数减少,磷素累积量降低,磷素物质生产效率增加,磷素籽粒生产效率下降,产量下降,但水稻产量下降幅度比陆稻更大。与水稻相比,陆稻不定根数少,磷素累积量少,成穗数少,结实率和千粒重高,产量较低,磷素物质生产效率和磷素籽粒生产效率增加。种植方式×磷素水平的互作对水稻和陆稻花后磷素累积量、磷素籽粒生产效率和不定根数、磷素物质生产效率有显著和极显著影响。花后磷素累积量与产量和不定根数呈极显著正相关,与磷素利用率呈极显著负相关。在旱种条件下,增加施磷量可以增加陆稻和水稻的产量,但无论旱种还是水种,水稻和陆稻产量对磷素响应有差异。     

不同水肥条件下二倍体、四倍体和六倍体小麦养分吸收、利用效率的研究

试验选用了3个二倍体（Triticum boeoticum，AA；Aegilops speltoides，BB和Ae. tauschii，DD）、2个四倍体（T. dicoccoides，AABB和T. dicoccum，AABB）和1个六倍体（T. aestivum，AABBDD）的小麦进化材料，在不同水肥条件下研究小麦进化中养分效率的差异及水肥条件对小麦养分利用的影响。试验表明，随小麦的进化，养分（N、P和K）吸收量和吸收效率显著增加，但是籽粒养分含量却减少。水分胁迫和低肥处理减少小麦籽粒养分含量、（整株）养分吸收量和吸收效率。小麦的生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率都存在显著的种间差异，而且后者的差异更大。随小麦的进化，生物量养分利用效率和产量养分利用效率均显著增加。6个小麦进化材料的生物量氮、磷利用效率（NUTEb和PUTEb）的大小顺序相同，均为：Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccum、T. dicoccoides、Ae. tauschii、T. boeoticum > T. aestivum，而生物量钾利用效率（KUTEb）是T. aestivum、Ae. tauschii、Ae. speltoides > T. dicoccoides > T. dicoccum > T. boeoticum。Ae. tauschii的产量养分利用效率显著高于其他两个二倍体小麦（AA和BB），表明D组染色体上存在有控制高效利用养分的基因。产量氮、磷、钾利用效率（NUTEg、PUTEg、KUTEg）和收获指数（HI）的大小排序均为：T. aestivum > T. dicoccum、T. dicoccoides、Ae. tauschii > T. boeoticum、Ae. speltoides。水分与养分对生物量养分利用效率有显著影响，而对产量养分利用效率的作用却不显著，说明小麦产量养分利用效率是较为稳定的特性，主要由基因型决定。水分胁迫有利于提高小麦生物量养分利用效率，但是增加施肥量却对其有负作用。     

水分胁迫对不同筋型小麦籽粒品质性状的影响

为了了解不同水分胁迫对不同品质类型小麦主要品质性状的影响,试验选用3个有代表性的强、中、弱筋春小麦品种,在防渗池中进行种植。研究结果表明：小麦籽粒主要品质性状在不同筋型间差异达到极显著水平,在不同水分条件下也存在显著差异。在水分胁迫下,湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量以及沉淀值均呈显著或极显著下降趋势,而膨胀势显著增大。在试验条件下品质性状间的相关分析结果表明,不同品种间粗蛋白含量与湿面筋含量、沉淀值呈极显著正相关。因此在小麦生态育种和调优栽培研究中,需要重视水分因子对小麦籽粒品质性状影响的不同步性。     

两种水分条件下冬小麦籽粒部分微营养含量及其基因型差异研究

为了解小麦籽粒微量元素含量的基因型差异及其对水分条件的反应,本试验在春浇2水和春不浇水2种条件下对33个小麦基因型材料籽粒部分微量元素进行了测定分析.结果表明,籽粒铁、锌、锰、铜、碘含量存在显著的基因型差异,水分处理对这些微营养成分的影响效应也因基因型而异.籽粒铁、锌、铜含量之间存在明显正相关性,而微量元素含量与粒重和产量的关系则因元素类型和水分条件而异.通过对不同基因型铁、锌含量的比较分析,筛选出几个高铁高锌基因型材料(如刘春1号).     

稻草覆盖与生态拦截对春玉米光合特性、养分累积及产量的影响

为了探明稻草覆盖、生态拦截（指在玉米地块边缘厢边种植大豆,下同）对春玉米生长发育及产量的影响,于2014年在湖南农业大学浏阳长期定位试验基地设置了不施肥(T1)、施化肥(T2)、施化肥+稻草覆盖(T3)、施化肥+生态拦截(T4)、施化肥+稻草覆盖+生态拦截(T5)5个试验处理,分析测试了棒三叶的SPAD值与光合特性以及玉米的养分累积、产量指标。结果表明,在施化肥的基础上,稻草覆盖、生态拦截能显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)的提高春玉米叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度和降低胞间CO2浓度,可使蒸腾速率降低但差异不显著(P＞0.05);也能显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)的增加春玉米地上部氮磷钾养分的累积量以及穗鲜重、茎叶鲜重、地上部总鲜重、穗粒数、百粒重、籽粒产量。其中以稻草覆盖+生态拦截处理(T5)的影响效果最明显,各指标与单纯施化肥处理(T2)之间的差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),氮、磷、钾养分累积量分别增加了28.83%、54.67%、17.67%,地上部总鲜重增加了24.94%,籽粒产量提高了28.13%;与单一的稻草覆盖(T3)相比,除胞间CO2浓度(P＞0.05)、蒸腾速率(P＜0.05)、籽粒产量(P＜0.05)以外,其余指标差异均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01);与单一的生态拦截(T4)相比,净光光合速率、气孔导度、磷钾累积量、地上部总鲜重、穗粒数、百粒重差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),蒸腾速率、氮累积量、穗鲜重差异显著(P＜0.05),但叶绿素含量、胞间CO2浓度、茎叶鲜重、籽粒产量没有表现出明显差异(P＞0.05);而生态拦截(T4)与稻草覆盖(T3)相比,除叶绿素含量、茎叶鲜重、总鲜重(P＜0.05)和钾累积量(P＜0.01)以外,其余指标差异均不显著(P＞0.05)。这说明稻草覆盖、生态拦截可促进春玉米的生长发育和养分累积,进而提高产量,且两者共同作用的效果更明显;从整体上看,生态拦截的影响效果好于稻草覆盖。     

水稻粒重对氮素反应的基因型差异及其类型

以国内外114个水稻基因型的大田试验,研究了0、低、中、高4种氮素水平条件下粒重的变化规律,探讨了水稻粒重对氮素反应的基因型差异及其类型。结果表明：(1)早、中、晚稻在4种氮素水平下粒重均存在极显著的基因型差异。在不施氮条件下,早、中、晚稻平均粒重分别为23.95 g、25.34 g和25.37 g,基因型间的变异系数分别为5.57     

Analysis of Wheat Cultivar Differences in Grain Yield, Grain Nitrogen Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency.

More detailed information on the causes of yield variability among wheat cultivars is needed to further increase wheat yield. Field studies were conducted in Northern Greece over the two cropping seasons of 1985—1986 and 1986—1987 to assess the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and application timing of the various component traits that determine grain yield, grain nitrogen yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of two bread ( Triticum aestivum L.) and two durum ( Triticum durum Desf.) wheat cultivars, using yield and yield component analysis. Nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg ha^-1 was applied before planting or 100 N kg ha^-1 before planting and then 50 N kg ha^-1 top dressed at early boot stage. Nitrogen and cultivars affected all traits examined, while split nitrogen application affected only some of the traits. Grain yields in the most cases were correlated with number of grains per unit area and grain weight and grain nitrogen yields in all cases with grain number per unit area. The contribution of the number of grains per spike to total variation in grain yield among cultivars was almost consistent (37 to 55 %), while the contribution of grain weight was more significant (up to 55 %) in high yields (>6.500kg ha^-1) and number of spikes per unit area (>500). The number of grains per spike contributed from 60 to 83 % to the total variation in grain nitrogen per spike. Increased grain nitrogen concentration resulted in a reduction of its contribution in grain nitrogen yield variation. Nitrogen utilization efficiency was higher during grain filling than during vegetative biomass accumulation. The contribution of nitrogen harvest index to the variation of utilization efficiency for grain yield was higher in plants receiving nitrogen application.     

分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响

研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦磷效率及产量的影响,为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。试验设整体湿润(W1)和上干下湿(W2) 2 种水分处理,不施磷(CK)、表施(SP)、深施(DP)3 种施磷处理,供试品种选用水分敏感型（‘小偃22’）和抗旱型（‘长旱58’）。研究结果表明：磷肥施用深度对冬小麦磷根效率比、磷肥利用效率、磷肥偏生产力(PFPP)及产量的影响随土壤水分和品种而异。2 种水分条件下,‘小偃22’DP较SP处理磷肥利用率、PFPp均显著降低(P＜0.05),磷根效率比及产量则差异不显著;W1 处理下,‘长旱58’DP较SP处理除磷根效率比外其他指标均显著降低(P＜0.05),W2 处理下则相反,上述指标均显著增加(P＜0.05)。本试验结果表明,土壤水分供应不足时,磷肥深施有利于提高抗旱性较强冬小麦品种对磷素的吸收利用能力,从而提高磷肥利用率及产量。     

Phosphorus Accumulation and Translocation in Wheat as Affected by Cultivar and Nitrogen Fertilization

To improve nutrient management strategies in wheat more information is needed about the interaction effects among nutrients in their uptake and redistribution in the plants, in relation to different genotypes. Therefore, two bread ( T. aestivum L.) and two durum ( T. durum Desf.) winter wheat cultivars were grown in the field for 2 years (1986, 1987) in a silty-clay soil under different nitrogen (N) levels, in Northern Greece. Nitrogen at a rate of 150 kg ha⁻¹ was applied before planting or 100 kg ha⁻¹ before planting and then 50 kg ha⁻¹ at early boot stage. Cultivar differences in phosphorus (p) concentration were observed only in vegetative parts but not in the grain. Maximum p accumulation was observed either at anthesis or at maturity. During grain filling dry matter and p accumulation in the grain followed almost the same pattern. Phosphorus translocation efficiency of the cultivars at the 2 years ranged from 70.7 to 84.3 % and the amount of p in the grain derived from translocation 52 to 100 %. Phosphorus translocation efficiency was weakly correlated with p content in grain only in 1986, while phosphorus harvest index (PHI) was positively correlated with harvest indst (HI) both years (r = 0.82** in 1986 and 0.75** in 1987). Nitrogen application mainly affected p accumulation of the cultivars via its effect on biomass production. The split N application promoted slightly the p uptake in 1987 and this resulted in the reduction of both the contribution of the translocated p to the grain and the efficiency of p utilization for total biomass. Results indicated that p accumulation and translocation and the efficiency of p utilization in wheat were mainly determined by the genotype in relation to environmental condition of growth.     

Importance of P uptake efficiency versus P utilization for wheat yield in acid and calcareous soils in Mexico

There are large agricultural areas in the world where wheat yields are limited by low phosphorus (P) availability. Breeding for P uptake and P utilization efficiency may reduce this problem. This study was conducted to determine the contribution of P uptake and utilization efficiency to grain yield of selected spring wheat genotypes in different environments. Thirty-eight semidwarf spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes were grown in two experiments in Mexico, each on an acid Andisol under rainfed conditions and on a calcareous Aridisol with irrigation, without (−P) and with 35 kg P per ha fertilized (+P). Without P fertilization, grain yield ranged from 0.8 to 4.6 t ha⁻¹ in the acid soil and from 2.4 to 5.2 t ha⁻¹ in the calcareous soil. With P fertilization, this range was even larger. Under conditions of P deficiency, i.e. in the acid soil at −P and +P (high P adsorption) and calcareous soil at −P (P-depleted soil), P uptake explained 71–100% of the variation in grain yield, and was highly correlated with grain yield (r=0.79–0.95). In contrast, at +P in the calcareous soil, P utilization efficiency explained 60–63% of the variation in grain yield. Here, low grain P concentration was related to high grain yield (r=−0.40 to −0.59). In the calcareous soil, the harvest index was correlated with grain yield, irrespective of the P level. In the acid soil, post-anthesis P accumulation was important. It was positively correlated with grain yield, whereas in the calcareous soil, no post-anthesis-P accumulation occurred. Here, grain P accumulation at maturity was completely determined by translocation of pre-anthesis shoot P. We conclude that the combination of improved P uptake and P utilization efficiency in the same genotypes requires selection under both high and low-P conditions.     

Genetic variation in nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in a segregating DH population of winter oilseed rape

Genetic variation in nitrogen (N) use efficiency, N uptake, and N utilization was analyzed in a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from winter oilseed rape cultivars. The aim was to analyze the relative importance of uptake and utilization efficiency and to identify parameters that allow an easy selection of N efficient genotypes. Fifty-four DH lines were tested in four to seven environments at two levels of N supply: no fertilization and 240 kg N ha^?1. N uptake efficiency is defined as the amount of N acquired by a genotype as the proportion of the N available in the soil. N utilization efficiency is measured as unit grain yield per unit of N taken up. Significant genotypic variation was observed for both uptake and utilization efficiency. At low N supply, variation in N efficiency was mainly the result of differences in uptake efficiency. Seed yield was correlated positively with N uptake and N utilization efficiencies at low N supply and with N uptake at high N supply. The correlation was positive between harvest index (HI) and N use efficiency at both N levels (r = 0.45**; r = 0.36**) and for HI and N utilization at low N supply (r = 0.46**), indicating that a shorter plant ideotype might be more N efficient. The interaction between genotypes and N supply for grain yield was highly significant, and the correlation between low N and high N was of only medium size (r = 0.60**), suggesting the possibility of selecting genotypes with specific adaptation to low N supply.     

减磷加炭对北疆春小麦磷素利用及产量的影响

本试验探讨不同施肥模式对小麦磷素积累与转运及产量的影响,为合理减磷加炭、提高磷肥利用率提供理论参考。本试验磷肥（P₂O₅）设4个水平,生物炭设3个水平。比较不同施肥模式下小麦磷素积累分配、磷素利用率、产量与磷肥利用率等指标的差异。结果表明：在减量施磷15%(102 kg/hm²)配施生物炭22.5 t/hm²(P3B2)处理下各指标综合效果最好,在该处理下春小麦干物质量最高,为4.07 g/株,较对照增加8.24%,该处理下植株磷含量增加,且主要分配在穗部,较对照增加6.21%;茎部磷素转移在磷肥配施低炭时增幅最高,磷肥配施高量生物炭时增幅最低;叶部磷素转移在磷肥与生物炭配施时对植株叶部磷素的影响大于单施磷肥。本试验条件下,施磷102 kg/hm²同时施加生物炭22.5 t/hm²对提高茎、叶对籽粒的贡献率有明显的促进作用,提升了磷素利用效率与磷素生理效率,并且达到最好的增产效果,为北疆灌区磷肥减施增效提供理论依据。     

Influence of genotype on phosphate uptake and utilization efficiencies in spring barley

To investigate the genetic variation of phosphate (P) uptake and P utilization efficiency, 24 high-yielding spring barley cultivars were grown in two pot experiments on a loess loam-sand mixture. In the first experiment, the plants grew until maturity under P stress (50% of the maximum yield), and in the second experiment, the plants grew until the stage of tillering (DC 25) at a low or at a high P supply.

At maturity, the range between cultivars with the highest and the lowest values were 30% for total dm yield (grain and straw), 28% for grain yield, 24% for P uptake efficiency (P in grain and straw), 26% for P concentration in grains and 24% for P utilization efficiency quotient PEQ (g dm grain per mg P in shoots) (mean of all cultivars = 100%). Grain yield was correlated with P uptake per plant, r = 0.71^***, and with PEQ, r = 0.60^**. Between P uptake and PEQ, there was only a weak relationship (r = −0.14). Therefore, a combination of high uptake efficiency and high PEQ in a cultivar may be possible.

At growth stage DC 25, the cultivars showed a significant variability in shoot biomass, P concentration, P removal, P influx, acitvity of acid phophatases (P_ase) and root length. The ranking of the cultivars, however, was very different at the two P levels, but the root-length and the P_ase activity were more influenced by genotype than by the P supply.

As the relationships between grain yield, P removal, PEQ and the characters of the young plants cultivated under P stress were very weak (r < 0.43), selection for P efficiency at the stage of tillering cannot be recommended.     

怒江中游流域土壤主要肥力指标分析与评价

为了指导怒江中游流域的农业生产实践,提高生产效益,减少化肥成本投入,同时减少氮磷流失造成的水体污染产生积极影响。通过对怒江中游流域的贡山、福贡、泸水3个县的110个土壤样品进行常量营养元素含量测定和统计分析,分析与评价3个县土壤的酸碱度状况和主要肥力指标。结果表明:怒江中游流域110个土壤样品pH最小的为5.5,最大的为7.5,平均pH 6.5,变异系数为7.47%。大部分土壤呈现中性,部分土壤呈现酸性和弱酸性,不利于作物的生长,还会使肥料的利用率下降,部分土壤呈弱碱性,会增加氨的挥发性从而降低氮肥的肥效,处于碱性的土壤会使土壤中微量营养元素的吸收率降低,因此建议采取施用酸碱调节剂来调节土壤pH,使土壤pH适宜作物的农业生产。有机质含量为6.0~34.0 g/kg,平均值为18.20 g/kg,变异系数为38.81%。土壤有机质总体含量处于偏低水平,需要补充有机肥,提高土壤的有机质含量。土壤全氮含量在0.31~1.70 g/kg之间,平均含量为1.24 g/kg,变异系数为26.71%。土壤全氮含量处于中等水平,需要在全氮含量较低的土壤耕地增施氮肥,提高土壤的供氮能力。土壤碱解氮含量的最小值为11.6 mg/kg,最大值为128.6 mg/kg,平均含量值为81.8 mg/kg,其变异系数为29.79%。土壤速效磷含量最小值仅为0.1 mg/kg,最大值为36.2 mg/kg,平均值为15.4 mg/kg;其变异系数为60.69%。土壤速效磷含量变异程度较大,需要在缺磷的土壤增施磷肥,提高土壤的供磷能力。速效钾的含量范围在19.3~110.0 mg/kg之间,平均含量为62.8 mg/kg,变异系数33.98%。大部分土壤需要增施钾肥,提高土壤的供钾能力,来提高作物的产量和品质。为此提出了在施用氮磷肥料的同时调控土壤酸碱性,来提高土壤氮磷肥料利用率,根据实际耕地情况增施有机肥、钾肥的施肥建议。