聚醚类抗生素——腐霉素发酵条件的研究

由吸水链霉菌 （Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍ ｙｃｅｓｈｙｇｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｕｓ）ＨＳ－ ８６诱变获得的一株突变株Ｕ－５８,通过设计的多因子试验,确定了培养该菌株的最佳碳、氮源比,诸因子中影响最大的是淀粉,其次是蛋白胨、酵母粉。原材料对比试验中,淀粉以玉米淀粉最佳。锰离子对腐霉素产量的提高有显著的促进作用。在２．５ｔ发酵罐中通气培养９６～１２０ｈ,效价达到４ ０００μｇ／ｍ ｌ以上。     

2株海洋红酵母的复合诱变及其高产类胡萝卜素菌株的选育

选用从雷州半岛近岸海域分离鉴定的2株海洋红酵母（胶红酵母J6和黏红酵母J2）作为出发菌株,进行亚硝基胍（NTG）和紫外线（UV）复合诱变,以期筛选出高产类胡萝卜素的突变株。先用NTG处理出发菌株的菌悬液60 min,再用UV照射120 s,且要连续诱变3次;每次复合诱变后的菌悬液经短时间的液体培养后涂布于红酵母琼脂平板培养,从中筛选出一定数量的第1、2和3代突变菌株;将突变菌株接种于红酵母发酵培养基,经培养、离心和烘干,制备出干菌体细胞;用分光光度计法测定干菌体细胞中的类胡萝卜素含量,筛选出高产类胡萝卜素的突变株,并进行遗传稳定性试验。结果表明,胶红酵母J6的正向突变率为56.57%（56/99）,6株高产类胡萝卜素的突变株中,第3代3株,第2代2株,第1代1株,类胡萝卜素含量最高的突变株是胶红酵母J6-82,比出发菌株提高了99.56%;黏红酵母J2的正向突变率为53.01%（44/83）,6株高产类胡萝卜素的突变株中,第3代4株,第2代2株,类胡萝卜素含量最高的突变株是黏红酵母J2-75,比出发菌株提高了93.64%。本试验采用的NTG和UV 3次复合诱变的方法有利于海洋红酵母的变异及其类胡萝卜素含量的提升,且突变菌株有良好的遗传稳定性。     

2株海洋红酵母的复合诱变及其高产类胡萝卜素菌株的选育

选用从雷州半岛近岸海域分离鉴定的2株海洋红酵母(胶红酵母J6和黏红酵母J2)作为出发菌株,进行亚硝基胍(NTG)和紫外线(UV)复合诱变,以期筛选出高产类胡萝卜素的突变株。先用NTG处理出发菌株的菌悬液60min,再用UV照射120s,且要连续诱变3次;每次复合诱变后的菌悬液经短时间的液体培养后涂布于红酵母琼脂平板培养,从中筛选出一定数量的第1、2和3代突变菌株;将突变菌株接种于红酵母发酵培养基,经培养、离心和烘干,制备出干菌体细胞;用分光光度计法测定干菌体细胞中的类胡萝卜素含量,筛选出高产类胡萝卜素的突变株,并进行遗传稳定性试验。结果表明,胶红酵母J6的正向突变率为56.57%(56/99),6株高产类胡萝卜素的突变株中,第3代3株,第2代2株,第1代1株,类胡萝卜素含量最高的突变株是胶红酵母J6-82,比出发菌株提高了99.56%;黏红酵母J2的正向突变率为53.01%(44/83),6株高产类胡萝卜素的突变株中,第3代4株,第2代2株,类胡萝卜素含量最高的突变株是黏红酵母J2-75,比出发菌株提高了93.64%。本试验采用的NTG和UV 3次复合诱变的方法有利于海洋红酵母的变异及其类胡萝卜素含量的提升,且突变菌株有良好的遗传稳定性。     

降解木质纤维素的优良菌株C-3的诱变选育

以降解木质纤维素的优良菌株Ｃ－３为出发菌株,经两次诱变和反复筛选,获得了使原料粗蛋白显著提高的突变株ＵＥ－２６。     

恩拉霉素高产菌株的快速选育

为筛选恩拉霉素高产菌株,降低生产成本,以生产用Streptomyces-483为出发菌株,进行紫外-氯化锂复合诱变。以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,用琼脂块法测定抑菌圈大小,筛选出84株突变株,经摇瓶初筛、复筛、5L发酵罐验证,最终获得4株高产突变株。筛选得到的4株高产突变株经稳定性考察完全适用于生产。     

高产纤维素酶菌株的微波诱变及筛选研究

为了能够选育出一株高产纤维素酶的优良菌株,采用微波对其孢子悬液进行不同时间的辐照处理后,筛选出一株能高产纤维素酶的突变菌株B40 1,在最适产酶条件下,该突变菌株所产纤维素酶的滤纸酶活力和羧甲基纤维素酶活力分别是出发菌株的169.9%、110.0%。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)CH-1a株非结构基因的分子克隆及其基因特征的研究

本研究对猪生殖－呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）的非结构基因,包括ＯＲＦ１基因、５’端非编码区基因（Ｎｏｎ－ＣｏｄｉｎｇＲｉｇｏｎ,ＮＣＲ）和３’端非编码区基因（ＮＣＲ）分别进行了分子克隆和测序,并对其基因特征作了研究分析。结果表明,ＰＲＲＳＶ－ＣＨ－１ａ株ＯＲＦ１ａ起始密码子上游是由保守序列５’ＵＵＡＡＣＣ３’连接的５’ＮＣＲ,在该区附近的约４３个碱基有较高的保守性,其余核苷酸的变异较大。ＯＲＦ１ａ编码的多聚蛋白又可切割生成六个非结构蛋白（Ｎｓｐ１ａ、Ｎｓｐ１β、Ｎｓｐ２－５）,其中Ｎｓｐ２可能具有型特异性,在不同基因型的ＰＲＲＳＶ分离株之间表现出较大的变异,和ＶＲ２３３２株的ＮｓＰ２的编码基因相比有８６％的同源性,同ＬＶ株只有４５％的同源性;ＯＲＦ１ｂ所编码的聚合蛋白经切割后形成四个非结构蛋白（ＲｄＲｐ、ＣＰ２－４）,同 ＯＲＦ１ａ所编码的蛋白相比较为保守,但是,在ＣＰ４的Ｃ端仍有较大的变异,其编码区和ＶＲ２３３２株相比有８８．７％的同源性,而和ＬＶ株只有５３．４％的同源性。ＣＨ－１ａ株的ＯＲＦ１ａ－ＯＲＦ１ｂ的衔接区为核糖体移码区,在所有的ＰＲＲＳＶ分离株中高度保守,具有保守的５’ＵＵＵＡＡＡＣ３’序列和     

牛舍空气微生物及微环境传播的研究

采用４台ＡＮＤＥＲＳＥＮ－微生物空气样品收集器对一个犊牛舍内及环境空气细菌含量进行了测量，需氧菌总数分别为８５３６－４６６９１ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和２６４９－２４７７５ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３，厌氧菌浓度计３０１７－２４７７５ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３和６６１－４１２２ＣＦＵ／ｍ＾３。根据ＨＥＳＫＥＴＨ（１９７４）计算公式和ＫＬＵＧ（１９６９）气溶胶颗粒扩散模式，得出犊牛舍菌源强度，即向环境排放需氧菌为１１００００－１４００     

嗜水气单胞菌与迟缓爱德华氏菌亚单位二联疫苗对小鼠的免疫效果

将嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｈ）Ｊ－１株的ＨＥＣ毒素和胞外蛋白酶（ＥＣＰ）分别与迟缓爱德华氏菌（Ｅｔ）３８株的脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）及脱毒多糖（ＰＳ）偶联,制成３种亚单位二联疫苗;ＨＥＣ－ＰＳ、ＨＥＣ－ＬＰＳ。将它们与ＡｈＪ－１和Ｅｔ３８全菌灭活疫苗一同分别免疫小鼠,并设注射ＰＢＳ对照组,检测各组小鼠体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。结果显示,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ、溶血抑制和全菌凝集试验检出这３种亚单位疫苗的抗体水平无明显差异     

志贺氏菌样毒素Ⅱ型变异体单克隆抗体的制备及其应用

应用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,获得１株针对志贺氏菌样素Ⅱ为异体９Ｓｈｉｇａ－ｌｉｋｅ ｔｏｘｉｎ Ⅱ ｖａｒｉａｎｔ,ＳＬＴ－Ⅱｖ）Ａ亚基单位的杂交瘤细胞,并建立了以硝酸纤维素膜为载体的菌落ＥＬＩＳＡ法。用此法检测１５株分离自猪水肿病的野毒菌株和３株产其它型ＳＬＴ的标准菌株,发现该单克隆抗体与１４株野毒菌株呈阳性反应,与产ＳＬＴ－Ⅱ的９３３Ｗ株菌有微弱交叉反应,但与产ＳＬＴ－Ⅰ和ＶＴ２的菌株（Ｈ３０和Ｅ     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.