摘要集锦

江苏省畜牧兽医站陈昌海等,用分离到的鸽新城疫(ND)病毒株,试制了鸽新城疫油乳剂灭活苗,进行了安全性、免疫性测定,并与鸡ND油乳剂灭活苗对比试验。用该苗接种5只鸽子,观察2周,注射部位无炎症反应,精神、食欲正常。注苗的鸽子10天产生抗体,21天HI抗体达高峰,第56天HI抗体维持较高水平。     

鸽源和鸡源油乳剂灭活苗对比试验

采用鸽新城疫ND-GS01株毒为种毒制备的油乳剂灭活疫苗和进口鸡源油乳剂灭活苗各免疫10只鸽,免疫后的第15、30、45和60天,每组每种疫苗中分别采取5只鸽血样,分离血清,测定HI抗体,同时在15d每组每种疫苗中各取5只鸽,用鸽强毒1000ELD50/mL肌注攻毒。结果表明,鸽ND油乳剂灭活疫苗保护率为100%,鸡ND油乳剂灭活疫苗保护率为65%。     

Intervet 鸽痘疫苗

一、包装 50头份活毒冻干鸽痘疫苗一瓶,3毫升稀释液一瓶,接种用小刷子一把。二、适应症能使鸽子对鸽痘产生自动免疫力.只允许用于给健康鸽子预防接种。三、接种程序用于接种5周龄以上鸽子.     

鸽I型副粘病毒病的诊断

１９９４年冬，豫北某鸽场发生一种疑似鸡新城疫的疾病。流行特点，临床症状，剖检变化与鸡新城疫十分相似，死亡率在２０％以上。用标准ＮＤ病毒对病鸽作血清学检查，ＨＩ价平均为３．５ｌｏｇ２。以鸽Ｉ型副粘病毒油乳剂灭活疫苗作紧急接种，迅速控制疫情，从而诊断本病为鸽新城疫。用鸡新城疫系列疫苗预防，也有较好效果；但疫苗及接种方法不同，效果稍有差异。     

鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒病的诊断

１９９４年冬，豫北某鸽场发生一种疑似鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）的疾病。流行特点、临床症状；剖检变化与鸡新城疫十分相似，死亡率在２０％以上。用标准ＮＤ病毒对病鸽作血清学检查，ＨＩ价平均为３．５ｌｏｇ２。以鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油乳剂灭活疫苗作紧急接种，迅速控制疫情，从而诊断本病为鸽新城疫．用鸡新城疫系列疫苗预防，也有较好效果；但疫苗及接种方法不同，效果稍有差异。     

鸽几种传染病的免疫研究

河南省某大型鸽场发生以神经症状、拉绿色或白色稀便、出血性肠炎和肝肿大出血为特征的传染病,共死鸽3000羽,经病原分离鉴定和动物接种试验及随后检查多批由该场和郊县送检的病、死鸽及血清,证明引起鸽死亡的主要传染病是鸽巴氏杆菌病和沙门氏菌病。用从病、死鸽分离的多杀巴氏杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌制成二联灭活苗(下称二联苗),用副粘病毒制成副粘病毒油乳剂灭活苗。将二联苗和副粘病毒油乳剂灭活苗同时接种鸽,其沙门氏菌抗体80％阳性,巴氏杆菌抗体70％阳性;副粘病毒HI几何平均值为6log_2。用巴氏杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌攻毒100％保护,而未免疫组攻毒100％死亡。用以上二种疫苗免疫鸽60余万羽份,经2年多的流行病学调查和抽样检验表明,研制的疫苗安全,有坚强和持久的免疫力。     

使用鸽瘟油乳剂苗应注意的问题

鸽瘟油乳剂苗是预防鸽副粘病毒病的油乳剂疫苗.由于其具有注射后释放较慢、难吸收、易形成油滴结块等特点,故在使用时应注意以下几点:     

ND油乳剂灭活苗免疫抗体消长水平对比试验

采用鸽新城疫ND-GS株毒为种毒。分别研制出了尿囊液病毒油乳剂灭活苗和鸡胚尿囊液、羊水、尿囊膜混合病毒油乳剂灭活苗。对研制的两种灭活疫苗经安全性检验、急性毒性试验,免疫抗体消长水平对比试验。结果表明,两种疫苗性能基本一致。     

青年种鸽新城疫诊治

1发病情况某养户于6月1日引进青年种鸽150对,当时装车时,就发现有一只鸽死亡,种鸽场场主讲是挤压所致,户主当时并未在意。种鸽场未接种过新城疫疫苗。该户于6月5日接种了新城疫油乳剂灭活苗,6月7日起陆续发病,并有一定     

浅谈鸡油乳剂灭活疫苗的免疫接种

在当今的养鸡生产中,进行油乳剂灭活疫苗的免疫接种是预防和控制传染病,保护鸡群健康的重要措施。如何正确地接种油苗,减少应激,是广大养殖户值得重视的问题。1油乳剂灭活疫苗接种的方法油乳剂灭活疫苗接种的方法是注射,分为皮下注射和肌肉注射两种。皮下注射以颈部皮下注射为主,肌肉注射又分为浅层胸肌注射和腿肌注射等。     

Avian paramyxovirus type 1 infections of racing pigeons: 4 laboratory assessment of vaccination

The immune response and protection from challenge afforded to adult pigeons by four different vaccination schedules were assessed. Intravenous challenge with a field pigeon isolate was done four weeks after the second of two doses of vaccine given four weeks apart. Little difference in protection was seen between two 0.25 ml and two 0.5 ml doses of oil emulsion vaccine, although the latter produced a slightly higher immune response. In both cases one of 10 challenged pigeons became sick and died. One dose of Newcastle disease virus B1 live vaccine followed four weeks later by 0.5 ml oil emulsion vaccine gave a comparable immune response to two 0.25 ml doses of oil emulsion but only six birds survived challenge. Two doses of Newcastle disease virus B1 vaccine gave a poor immune response and little protection from challenge; all 10 birds became sick and eight died. Assessment of the onset of protection following one dose of either 0.5 ml oil emulsion vaccine or Newcastle disease virus B1 indicated some partial protection in the latter group as early as five days after vaccination. Both groups showed protection at 10 days but by 21 days, although protection was sustained in the oil emulsion group, birds receiving live vaccine were fully susceptible. Measurement of the duration of protection in pigeons given two 0.5 ml doses of oil emulsion vaccine indicated that protection had begun to wane by 40 weeks after the first dose.     

鸽禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗对雏鸡免疫效果评价

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗与ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫雏鸡,免疫后２１ｄ抗体水平达到峰值,免疫后４２ｄ用新城疫强毒对两种疫苗免疫鸡分别进行攻击,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗免疫组保护率为７３．３３％,ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗免疫组保护率为９９．６７％。     

肉鸽新城疫并发葡萄球菌感染的诊治

对陕西咸阳某鸽场的疑似新城疫发病鸽群经临床诊断和实验诊断 ,确诊为新城疫并发葡萄球菌感染。用VG/GA 株新城疫疫苗与鸽新城疫油乳剂灭活疫苗同时进行紧急预防接种 ,并应用氨苄青霉素、维生素B1以及复合维生素 ,死亡率控制在 4 5 % ,病程缩短为 12d。     

Protective effects of vaccines against experimental salmonellosis in racing pigeons

Five inactivated and one attenuated vaccine produced for the prevention of salmonellosis in pigeons were compared in an experimental challenge model. The birds were vaccinated according to the recommendations of the manufacturers and they were infected by gavage with a Salmonella typhimurium (var copenhagen) pigeon strain. The challenged control animals showed severe weight loss, excessive water intake over a prolonged period, and excreted large numbers of salmonellae. None of the vaccines fully protected the pigeons, and only an inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine was able to reduce the severity of the clinical signs significantly. Mortality was low and tended to increase with the severity of the clinical signs. These results do not justify the preventive use of salmonella vaccination in pigeons. Nevertheless, the oil adjuvant vaccine may help in the effective cleaning of lofts after an outbreak of salmonellosis.     

Protection of laying hens against infectious bronchitis with inactivated emulsion vaccines

Commercially-reared laying chickens were challenged at 31 weeks of age with a virulent infectious bronchitis (IB) virus. They showed a sharp drop in egg production, despite having been vaccinated at four and eight weeks old with live attenuated IB vaccines to a recommended schedule. In contrast, similar birds that had been further immunised at point-of-lay with inactivated oil emulsion IB vaccine, or with a combined IB/Newcastle disease (ND) emulsion vaccine, showed no detectable fall in egg production after the same challenge. Unvaccinated susceptible specific pathogen-free birds challenged at the same time stopped laying almost completely. In the birds revaccinated with emulsion vaccine, measurement of haemagglutination inhibition antibody levels to IB showed their geometric mean titres to be raised from less than 5 log2 at the time of vaccination to over 10 log2 four weeks later. Their antibody levels did not rise further followining the IB challenge whereas in the birds that had not been revaccinated antibody rises to nearly 10 log2 were detected after the same challenge. For pullets vaccinated earlier with live IB vaccine, revaccination with inactivated IB or IB/ND oil emulsion vaccine at point-of-lay provides a safe and effective way of protecting their egg production against IB infection.     

鸽新城疫病毒的分离与鉴定

用SPF鸡胚从疑为鸽新城疫的浙江温州某肉鸽场分离到一株毒株。该毒株能凝集鸡红细胞,初代分离毒HA效价高达8 log2;且其凝集作用能被鸡新城疫标准阳性血清抑制;将分离毒回归鸽,复制出与自然病例相似的临床症状和病变,且感染后10d内全部死亡,说明为强毒株。试验结果表明该毒株为鸽新城疫病毒。     

THE SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE OF CHICKENS TO OIL EMULSION VACCINES CONTAINING THE V4 STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted with vaccines containing the V₄ strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Both living aqueous vaccines and vaccines consisting of virus incorporated in an oil emulsion were used. The calculated dose of virus contained in the oil emulsion vaccine was 10^8,7 50% embryo infectious doses (EID₅₀) per bird dose. Haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody levels of 8 are presumed protective. One-day-old chicks with low levels of maternal antibody were vaccinated intraocularly with 10^6,3EID₅₀ of live vaccine, and concurrently with oil emulsion vaccine. Presumed protective levels of antibody were present at two weeks post vaccination and were maintained for at least seven weeks longer. When adult birds 15 weeks old with no previous exposure to NDV were vaccinated intraocularly with 10^6,7EID₅₀ per bird, protective levels of antibody were produced within a week. Unvaccinated birds put in contact with the vaccinated birds produced similar antibody levels within 14 days. Revaccination with oil emulsion vaccine after antibody levels had fallen resulted in a rapid response with high levels of antibody. When antibody-free adult commercial birds with an unknown history of exposure to NDV were vaccinated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine, high antibody levels were produced for at least 21 weeks. Concurrent intraocular inoculation with 10^7,0EID₅₀ live virus did not enhance the response. Natural infection of unvaccinated birds occurred during the experiment. This was detected by the presence of HI antibody levels of short duration. When antibody-free commercial birds were inoculated intramuscularly with oil emulsion vaccine containing 10^6,0, 10^7,0, or 10^8,0EID₅₀ per bird dose, 100% of birds inoculated with the highest dose produced presumed protective levels of antibody within two weeks, as compared with a 5-week delay when using the 10^7,0EID₅₀ per bird dose.     

新城疫油佐剂灭活疫苗对鸽的免疫试验

用新城疫 (ND)油佐剂灭活疫苗以 1mL/只注射鸽子 ,试验鸽无不良反应 ;以 0 1mL/只免疫鸽子后 ,试验鸽在 2 4天时HI水平从免疫前的 0上升到 2 7 3 ,经ND标准强毒攻击 ,免疫鸽获 6 /6的全保护     

Extent and duration of virulent virus excretion upon challenge of pigs vaccinated with different glycoprotein-deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines

Different deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccines were compared for their ability to induce an immunity which suppresses virus excretion optimally upon infection. Groups of pigs were vaccinated once with attenuated deleted Aujeszky's disease vaccine (gI, gX or gp63 negative), suspended in phosphate buffered saline. Two additional groups were vaccinated with a gI deleted vaccine virus suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion. Other groups were vaccinated twice with gI deleted inactivated vaccines. The three control groups included were: pigs immune after infection, unvaccinated pigs and pigs receiving vaccine without known deletion in the envelope. Experimental challenge took place 3 or 4 weeks after the only or the last vaccination. The number of excreting pigs, the duration of excretion and the virus titers excreted, were determined for all the groups. All the pigs vaccinated with glycoprotein deletion vaccines suspended in phosphate buffered saline, excreted virus for 2 to 6 days after challenge. A 100 to 1000 fold reduction in excreted virus titers was obtained in vaccinated pigs compared to unvaccinated ones. Some vaccines suppressed virus excretion better than others, but no correlation could be made between the type of deletion (gI, gX or gp63) and the degree of reduction in virus excretion. Similar results were obtained with two applications of inactivated vaccines. The lowest number of excreting pigs, the lowest duration of excretion and the lowest titers were obtained in groups vaccinated with the attenuated vaccine suspended in an oil-in-water emulsion. No vaccine suppressed virus excretion totally.     

Efficacy of oil-emulsion vaccines prepared with pigeon paramyxovirus-1, Ulster, and La Sota Newcastle disease viruses

Three strains of avian paramyxovirus-1 virus (PMV-1) were used to prepare four experimental monovalent oil-emulsion vaccines. A pigeon PMV-1 isolate (PPMV-1) and the Newcastle disease virus strains La Sota and Ulster were used to prepare four pools of beta-propiolactone-inactivated allantoic fluid for the vaccines. Groups of susceptible white rock chickens and racing homing pigeons were vaccinated subcutaneously with one of the vaccines, and their serologic responses were determined using the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test at frequent intervals up to 9 weeks postvaccination. Pigeons were challenged after 10 weeks with a virulent PPMV-1 isolate given intravenously, observed for signs of disease for 5 weeks, and then tested for secondary serologic HI responses. The HI responses were measured using the three strains of virus as HI test antigens. The titers were generally greater when the hemagglutination antigen used in the test was homologous with the antigen used to prepare the vaccine. All vaccines protected pigeons against morbidity and death but not against infection with the challenge virus. The shedding of PPMV-1 challenge virus from PPMV-1 vaccinates was greatly reduced 6 days after challenge.