白花除虫菊四倍体与二倍体株系抗氧化酶活性的研究

[目的]测定白花除虫菊四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系试管苗和田间叶片中SOD、POD及APX酶的活性,为选育抗性强的白花除虫菊优良四倍体品种提供理论依据。[方法]分别测定样品的SOD、POD及APX活性,每种材料取3份测定,求平均值,进行分析。[结果]四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系比较,其保护酶系统中各种抗氧化酶的活性普遍都能得到提高,并且各株系的田间样品与试管苗样品间具有一定的相关性。[结论]试管苗期间各株系的抗氧化酶活性可以作为筛选抗病抗逆性强的白花除虫菊优良株系的参考指标。     

白花除虫菊四倍体与二倍体株系花粉粒的比较研究

[目的]研究白花除虫菊四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系花粉的形态特征及其育性和种子发芽率。[方法]采用硫酸-醋酸酐分解法制备花粉,用普通光学显微镜观察并测量花粉的极轴和赤道轴长度,用扫描电镜观察花粉粒形态,并选取有代表性的视野2500×（或2000×）、7000×进行拍摄。[结果]四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系比较,供试的5个四倍体株系花粉粒样品中有4个样品的极轴与赤道轴的长度均显著大于对照二倍体,只有1个样品与对照相近。5个多倍体株系的花粉粒在形态,表面雕纹等方面均与二倍体对照有差异。[结论]为选育出育性良好、种子发芽率高的白花除虫菊优良四倍体品种提供参考依据。     

白花除虫菊四倍体与二倍体株系花粉粒的比较研究

[目的]研究白花除虫菊四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系花粉的形态特征及其育性和种子发芽率.[方法]采用硫酸-醋酸酐分解法制备花粉,用普通光学显微镜观察并测量花粉的极轴和赤道轴长度,用扫描电镜观察花粉粒形态,并选取有代表性的视野2500 ×(或2 000×)、7 000 ×进行拍摄.[结果]四倍体株系与二倍体对照株系比较,供试的5个四倍体株系花粉粒样品中有4个样品的极轴与赤道轴的长度均显著大于对照二倍体,只有1个样品与对照相近.5个多倍体侏系的花粉粒在形态,表面雕纹等方面均与二倍体对照有差异.[结论]为选育出育性良好、种子发芽率高的白花除虫菊优良四倍体品种提供参考依据. Abstract： [Objective] The aim was to study characters of pollen grains of tetraploid lines and diploid control line of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trav.) Vis.,morphological characters,fertility of pollen grain and germination percentage of seeds.[Method]Pollen grains were prepared by sulphuric acid-acetyl oxide decomposition method.The lengths of polar axis and equatorial axis of pollen grains were determined with general optical microscope.The morphology of pollen grains was observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope) and the typical visual fields of 2500 x (or 2 000 x),7 000 x were taken pictures. [Result] Comparing with the diploid control line,the pollen grains of five tetraploid lines which were tested were different from the diploid line in morphology,sculpture,etc..4 of the 5 tested samples were significant larger than the ties of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Vis.with good fertility and high germination percentage.     

白花除虫菊高效再生体系的建立

【目的】筛选出适宜白花除虫菊外植体的消毒方法、外植体诱导、继代培养及生根培养阶段适宜的培养基配方,建立白花除虫菊高效再生体系。【方法】以白花除虫菊尚未张开的花蕾作为再生体系的外植体材料,花蕾经过灭菌消毒以后,采用MS固体培养基,比较不同种类植物生长调节剂浓度配比对白花除虫菊花蕾诱导出芽、增殖及生根等关键环节的影响。【结果】白花除虫菊花蕾外植体最适宜的消毒条件为75%酒精处理30 s后用0.10%氯化汞溶液消毒10 min,之后用15%次氯酸溶液处理15 min;白花除虫菊花蕾诱导芽的最适培养基为MS+2.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1TDZ+0.2 mg·L^-1IBA;白花除虫菊芽增殖的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1TDZ+0.1 mg·L^-1IBA;白花除虫菊生根的最适培养基为MS+0.1 mg·L^-1IAA+0.1 mg·L^-1IBA;炼苗移栽的最适基质为...     

白花丹素的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

[目的]从白花丹中提取活性成分白花丹素,研究抗氧化活性并探讨作用机理。[方法]利用柱层析法从白花丹的乙醇提取液中分离得到其活性成分白花丹素,通过核磁共振、红外光谱,质谱等谱学方法鉴定化合物结构;运用磷钼酸盐法测定不同浓度白花丹素的总抗氧化能力;运用碘量法测定不同浓度白花丹素抑制花生油脂过氧化的能力。[结果]白花丹素表现出较强的总抗氧化能力,能明显抑制油脂过氧化,且呈正相的剂量效应和时间效应,各处理浓度的抗氧化能力也基本表现出优于BHT（1.0 mg/ml）的抗氧化能力。[结论]白花丹素萘醌环的酚羟基是抗氧化作用的主要活性基团,白花丹素的抗氧化能力是抗肿瘤作用的重要机制之一。     

白花泡桐二倍体和同源四倍体抗逆基因差异表达的研究

为揭示泡桐抗逆机制,以8 a生白花泡桐的形成层和韧皮部为试验材料,利用高通量测序技术Illumina研究了二倍体和同源四倍体抗逆相关基因的差异表达变化.测序结果表明,二、四倍体泡桐的Clean reads与泡桐参考基因组序列的比对率分别为91.47％ ～91.79％ 和92.08％ ～92.50％,且测序质量较好.可变...     

高含量除虫菊素品种--云除1号的研究

为了获取适宜在云南推广的高含量除虫菊素优良品种,从国外引进的8份除虫菊(Pyrethrum cinerariaefoliumTrev)种质材料中,经组培快繁后,在云南省昆明、曲靖、楚雄、大理等地开展了组培苗的种植与品种选育研究,并经产量测定、含量分析和药效试验.结果表明:从中选育出来的"云除1号"除虫菌的品种,其产量达120 kg/667 m2以上,除虫菊酯含量超过1.4%,杀虫效果为99.1%,接近植物杀虫剂CT系列标准2.5%功夫(EC)杀虫效果99.6%,并具有快速、高效、无毒等特点.     

四倍体白花泡桐木材的物理特性研究

以3年生四倍体白花泡桐为材料,探讨了染色体加倍白花泡桐木材的物理特性.结果表明,四倍体白花泡桐木材纤维的长度、长宽比值、壁厚和壁腔比值的平均值分别比其二倍体大,而木材纤维宽度、弦向干缩率、径向干缩率、纵向干缩率和体积干缩率平均值则相反.此外,四倍体白花泡桐木材的基本密度、白度、顺纹拉力强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度和顺纹抗压强度分别比其二倍体泡桐增加了14.29％,16.25％,38.90％,26.13％,32.50％,18.36％和17.28％.     

Cd（Ⅱ）对泥鳅抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化的影响

研究了不同浓度的Cd（Ⅱ）对泥鳅肝脏内抗氧化酶包括超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响以及对脂质过氧化指标——丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,探讨了在Cd（Ⅱ）胁迫下,泥鳅肝组织内抗氧化酶活性以及脂质过氧化的变化趋势及其关系。结果表明：低浓度Cd（Ⅱ）（0．025mg／L）对泥鳅肝脏中SOD活性有诱导作用,并随着处理时间的延长而升高,对CAT和POD活性以及MDA含量无显著影响;当Cd（Ⅱ）浓度较高时（0．25、2．5mg／L）,SOD、CAT、POD3种抗氧化酶活性呈现先诱导后抑制的趋势,Cd（Ⅱ）浓度越高,抗氧化酶活性上升越急剧,出现活性抑制的时间就越提前。SOD活性对Cd（Ⅱ）浓度及时间变化较敏感,CAT和POD次之,MDA含量变化与抗氧化酶活性变化呈相反趋势。     

不同砧木嫁接西瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性研究

为探讨不同砧木嫁接对西瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响,本试验对多种西瓜砧木与接穗组合的西瓜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性进行了比较分析。结果表明,相同条件下,不同砧木的西瓜嫁接苗和自根苗的POD、PPO、CAT、SOD活性及MDA含量,总体趋势表现南瓜类葫芦类西瓜本砧自根苗。     

除虫菊内生拟盘多毛孢Y1菌株的生物学特性及其对植物病原菌的抑制作用

    从除虫菊叶中分离到1株内生真菌,经形态学和生长特性等研究初步鉴定其为半知菌类拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis sp.).该菌发酵液的10倍稀释液对苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cirerea)、玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)等6种病原真菌的抑制作用均达到85%以上,其5倍稀释液对番茄灰霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌、苹果炭疽病菌的孢子萌发抑制率均达80%以上.盆栽试验中对小麦白粉病(Blumeriagraminis)、番茄灰霉病、黄瓜霜霉病(Lycopersicon esculentum)的防治效果达60%以上.环境和营养因子对该菌的生长繁殖和抑菌活性影响较大:①在10～35℃时,菌丝能生长并形成孢子,最适生长繁殖温度为30℃,孢子的致死温度为65℃;②在pH 6.5～8.0时,菌丝生长、孢子形成和萌发均良好,最适pH值为7.5;③能直接利用玉米粉和糊精;④氮源以有机态氮为佳,硝态氮对其生长繁殖有抑制作用;⑤分别以D-木糖、山梨糖、甘露醇为碳源,以硝酸钠、甘氨酸、硫酸铵、牛肉膏、蛋白胨为氮源培养时,该菌株发酵液抑菌活性较高.     

白术辐射诱变株系抗氧化酶活性研究

为了从长势较好的4个白术辐射诱变株系中筛选出抗氧化活性高的优良品种,测定了白术具有清除活性氧能力的SOD,APX,POD等酶的活性.结果表明:白术辐射诱变株系的SOD,APX,POD的比活力均高于二倍体,说明优选出的白术辐射诱变株系具有比辐照前更强的清除活性氧能力,对外界不良环境的影响具有更高的抗逆性.     

枇杷叶总黄酮的超声波提取及体外抗氧化性研究

为研究枇杷叶总黄酮的抗氧化能力,采用超声波提取方法,以乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间以及料液比为考察因素,对枇杷叶总黄酮的提取条件进行单因素及正交试验,并且测定了枇杷叶总黄酮对DPPH.的抗氧化活性。结果表明,枇杷叶总黄酮的提取最佳工艺为:乙醇体积分数为70%,超声提取温度为80℃,超声提取时间为75 min,料液比为1∶30;抗氧化活性试验表明,枇杷叶总黄酮的抗氧化作用比较明显。     

四倍体菊花脑与栽培菊种间杂交及F1杂种的遗传表现#br#

 【目的】通过染色体加倍途径克服栽培菊花与二倍体野生菊种间杂交障碍,实现野生菊的优异性状或基因导入栽培菊花,拓宽菊花基因库,获得菊花新种质。【方法】以菊花脑(Chrysanthemum nankingense,二倍体)及其四倍体为父本,与栽培菊花‘钟山紫星’(Ch. grandiflorum ‘Zhongshanzixing’)杂交,通过细胞学进行杂种鉴定,并对杂种F1代部分性状进行统计分析。【结果】二倍体与四倍体菊花脑的花粉活力均较高,且在母本‘钟山紫星’柱头上能正常萌发,但‘钟山紫星’与二倍体菊花脑杂交不能结实,而与四倍体菊花脑杂交结实率达3.25粒/花序。‘钟山紫星’、四倍体菊花脑及其杂种F1代体细胞染色体数分别为54、36和45,减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体平均构型均以二价体为主,分别是27Ⅱ、1.70Ⅰ+13.23Ⅱ+0.03Ⅲ+1.90Ⅳ和5.32Ⅰ+13.84Ⅱ+2.79Ⅳ+0.16Ⅵ。杂种F1代株高、叶宽和叶柄长呈正向中亲优势,而节间长、叶形指数、花序直径、花盘直径和小花数目均呈负向中亲优势,均达到极显著水平。【结论】二倍体菊花脑通过染色体加倍途径可以有效克服其与栽培菊花间的远缘杂交障碍。     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.