2007年北京市丰台区犬只狂犬病病毒抗体效价调查分析

采集北京市丰台区城区和4个乡镇家养犬血清样品1 299份,采用免疫荧光中和试验法检测血清狂犬病病毒抗体效价。结果显示,被调查犬中有59.7%接种过狂犬疫苗,城区和乡镇接种率分别为75.9%和30.1%;有32.1%未接种过狂犬疫苗,城区和乡镇分别占16.1%和61.4%;有8.2%不清楚是否接种过狂犬疫苗,城区和乡镇分别占8%和8.5%。免疫犬狂犬病中和抗体效价d 0.5的占疫苗接种犬的57.1%,城区和乡镇分别为60.7%和40.6%。未免疫犬狂犬病中和抗体效价d>0的占未接种疫苗犬的27.6%,城区和乡镇分别为42.6%和20.3%。106只免疫不详犬均有狂犬病中和抗体。本次调查发现,犬群中仅有39%的犬只具有有效的狂犬病保护性抗体,疫苗接种率和狂犬病毒抗体效价城区均好于乡镇,但总体免疫水平仍不能有效控制群体中狂犬病的爆发和流行。     

厦门市宠物犬狂犬病的血清学调查

为掌握厦门市宠物犬狂犬病感染和免疫情况,厦门市动物疫病预防控制中心于2013年8月对厦门市宠物犬进行了狂犬病血清学调查。结果显示：抽检的145份犬血清样品中,检出疑似狂犬病阳性犬4只,同时在流浪犬中也检测到抗体阳性犬4只;在已免疫狂犬病疫苗的86只犬中,有3只是新办证免疫的宠物犬,免疫率为82.7%,免疫抗体合格率为56.6%,疫苗接种频率与抗体保护水平显著关联,免疫接种超过1次的犬只,抗体保护水平是免疫接种1次的犬只的3倍（P＜0.05）。     

云南某犬场犬狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫抗体效价评估

采用直接免疫荧光病毒中和试验(FAVN),对云南某犬场狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫28 d后的犬群随机抽样44只(份),检测血清中狂犬病病毒抗体效价。结果显示,44只受试犬,14只阳性(≥0.50 IU/m L),阳性率31.82%(14/44);狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫1次的31只受试犬(幼犬14只、训练犬17只),3只阳性,阳性率9.68%(3/31);免疫2次及2次以上的13只受试犬(3只训练犬,10只种犬),11只阳性,阳性率84.62%(11/13)。调查显示,该犬场狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫覆盖率为100%。笔者建议:在犬12月龄前,应进行两次狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫;在幼犬3月龄后进行第1次免疫,间隔1个月后进行第二次狂犬病灭活疫苗加强免疫,消除狂犬病免疫空挡,以后每年进行1次免疫;对于监测过程中,出现血清中和抗体效价低于0.50 IU/m L的犬只,应及时加强免疫1次;并加强犬场周围流浪犬、流浪猫管理。     

湖南部分地区犬狂犬病病毒的监测研究

对湖南部分地域的8个县(市、区)的8个城区、乡镇和农村的健康犬抽样采集脑组织标本142份,应用RT-PCR和直接荧光抗体试验(FAT)检测,检测结果142份犬脑样中均不含狂犬病病毒。调查上述监测点及周边近三年狂犬病的免疫情况,免疫率均超过70%。表明湖南部分犬免疫工作较好的地区,通过加大群免疫密度,可以使犬狂犬病病毒携带率降低,这可能与形成免疫屏障有关。     

南方五省部分地区警犬狂犬病血清中和抗体调查

为了解我国南方地区的警犬狂犬病疫苗免疫效果,分析影响警犬免疫合格率的因素,2017-2018年对西南地区狂犬病高发省份广西、云南、四川和贵州,以及华南地区低发省份海南省五省部分地区警犬狂犬病血清中和抗体进行调查,随机抽样342头警犬,采用荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN),检测血清中狂犬病病毒(RABV)中和抗体效价。结果显示:我国南方五省警犬狂犬病防控工作存在不足,应加强狂犬病疫苗接种工作,杜绝免疫失败;狂犬病高发省份与低发省份的警犬狂犬病防控工作,没有出现与国内狂犬病疫情流行相似的规律。警犬的免疫合格率与年龄成正相关,与免疫次数关系密切,免疫次数越多,免疫合格率越高;警犬的免疫合格率与采样时间、疫苗种类有关,与犬的性别没有关系;对于大型犬和中型犬,体型大小对免疫合格率影响不大。确定合适的免疫程序,提高免疫合格率。     

家犬狂犬病病毒血清抗体水平监测

监测家犬50例,其中2例未免疫犬狂犬病病毒(RV)血清抗体为阴性,48只免疫犬有44只血清抗体阳性.2年以上的成年犬,易激活产生保护性抗体,连续免疫2年,已有足够的保护性抗体产生.     

云贵川三省部分地区警犬狂犬病血清中和抗体调查

为评价警犬的狂犬病免疫效果,了解影响免疫效果的因素,2017年在云南、贵州、四川三省部分地区免疫狂犬病疫苗的警犬中随机抽样,采用荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN),检测血清中狂犬病病毒中和抗体效价。结果显示,共抽检187只警犬,中和抗体阳性127只(≥0.50 IU/m L),总体免疫合格率为67.91%,其中云南、贵州、四川3省的免疫合格率分别为57.14%、68.33%、76.06%。结果分析表明,警犬狂犬病免疫合格率与犬的年龄、免疫次数、疫苗类型等因素有关,而与性别和品种无关。建议完善警犬免疫程序,加大血清中和抗体监测力度,对不合格警犬及时加强免疫;对每个影响因素进行连续性分析,以确定影响警犬狂犬病免疫合格率的具体因素。     

湖南部分地区免疫犬狂犬病免疫效果研究

对湖南长沙市区及其他部分市州的农村地区随机抽取的156份犬血清用ELISA检测狂犬病抗体,结果显示这些地区犬免疫后抗体阳转率较低,平均为32.05%,各县(区)犬狂犬病抗体阳性率存在一定差别,较低的犬狂犬病抗体阳性率可能是湖南省外观健康犬带毒的原因之一,与人间狂犬病发病率对比发现犬狂犬病抗体阳性率与疫苗种类等情况,得出犬免疫后抗体阳性合格率城区比农村高、1岁以上的犬比1岁以内犬高、进口单联苗比国产单联苗及多联苗高。这些结果可能与疫苗的质量、免疫操作、免疫程序有关。     

2015—2018年湖南省长沙市城区犬狂犬病免疫效果分析

为评估长沙市城区犬狂犬病免疫效果,了解影响犬免疫抗体合格率的因素,2015—2018年连续4年,对长沙市定点监测点的犬只进行抽样,共在41个场点,采集犬血清样品2 137份,采用酶联免疫ELISA方法,定性检测狂犬病血清抗体,并对比分析抗体水平变化趋势及其影响因素。检测结果显示,2015年狂犬病抗体合格率为46.13%,2017年上升为73.39%,2018年略微下降至71.11%,总体呈上升趋势。不同地区比较显示,芙蓉区和雨花区抗体合格率保持稳定上升态势,开福区抗体合格率在2017年后增长快速,而其他3个区在2018年略有下降。免疫效果影响因素分析显示,城区狂犬病免疫合格率与年龄、免疫次数、免疫后时间及疫苗厂家有一定关系,而性别、疫苗种类对抗体合格率影响不大。结果表明：长沙市城区犬狂犬病免疫效果整体形势较好,但部分城区免疫合格率偏低,存在狂犬病病毒感染风险;首次免疫后,需要做好犬的加强免疫工作,尤其幼龄犬和老龄犬,以保证其处于较高的免疫保护水平。     

2014年长沙市中心城区犬只狂犬病免疫效果评估

为了解长沙市中心城区犬只狂犬病免疫抗体水平,给相关职能部门提供科学的防控依据,通过不定期采集全市城区17家授权免疫点犬只血样,使用法国SYBIOTICS犬猫狂犬病抗体检测试剂盒进行抗体水平检测。结果显示：2014年长沙市中心城区犬只狂犬病免疫抗体合格率为65.4%;6月龄以下犬只免疫抗体水平较低,仅为25.6%;免疫一次与免疫两次以上的抗体合格率差异性显著（P<0.05）;免疫两次不同生产厂家疫苗的抗体合格率差异性显著（P<0.05）;免疫三次及以上不同生产厂家疫苗的免疫抗体合格率差异不显著;国产疫苗比进口疫苗的免疫抗体水平要高,但差异不显著。结果提示,应重点关注6月龄以下犬的免疫工作;免疫程序需进一步优化;应继续加大对国产疫苗免疫效果的评估。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.