动物养殖课程教学的改革与创新探索——以特种水产动物养殖学教学为例

动物养殖课程是水产、畜牧和兽医等学科的重要专业课程。《特种水产动物养殖学》是水产养殖学专业的一门必修专业课程,为培养出符合水产养殖行业特色的创新型和复合应用型人才,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法与手段以及考核方式进行了改革及探索。课程改革包括合理取舍理论课程内容,优化重组实验教学项目,有机结合传统教学、现代多媒体教学及项目式教学方法与手段,实行多样化和综合化的考核方式。实践表明课程改革极大地增强了学生自主学习的兴趣,加深了专业情感,提高了实践和创新能力,取得了良好的教学效果,可为其他动物养殖课程教学提供参考。     

浙江大学特种经济动物科学系

特种经济动物科学系包含蚕学、蜂学、水产养殖等三个专业,是特种经济动物饲养(含:蚕、蜂等)国家重点学科所在系,也是"211工程"重点建设单位。其前身是浙江大学蚕桑系(1927年),1999年根据教育部专业目录,由原蚕学专业和蜂学专业为基础,吸收水产和水生生物专业经整合组建而     

南京农业大学江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室

<正>江苏省水产动物营养重点实验室依托单位--南京农业大学动物科技学院,拥有水产养殖、动物科学和草业科学3个本科专业,畜牧学一级学科博士点,水产养殖、特种经济动物饲养5个二级学科博士点和5个硕士点。     

浙江大学特种经济动物科学系

正特种经济动物科学系包含蚕学、蜂学、水产养殖等三个专业,是特种经济动物饲养(含:蚕、蜂等)国家重点学科所在系,也是"211工程"重点建设单位。其前身是浙江大学蚕桑系(1927年),1999年根据教育部专业目录,由原蚕学专业和蜂学专业为基础,吸收水产和水生生物专业经整合组建而成。现有教学科研人员34人,其中专任教师25人,博士后和项目聘用9人。专任教师中拥有正高职称教师14人(其中博士生导师13人);副高职称9人;具有博士学位的教师比例达92%。研究方向以现代生物技术为主要手段,以蚕、蜂和水产经济动物为主要研究对象,已形成了五个主     

扬州大学动物科学与技术学院

扬州大学动物科学与技术学院办学历史悠久，现有畜牧学、水产学两个一级学科，动物遗传育种与繁殖学、动物营养与饲料科学、草业科学、特种经济动物饲养、水产养殖学5个二级学科。拥有江苏省产学研联合培养研究生示范基地、扬州大学蜜蜂产品研究所、兔业工程研究中心、动物营养与饲料工程技术中心、饲料牧草研究开发中心、实验蜂场、实验禽场和扬大饲料厂等教学、科研、人才培养及成果转化基地。     

特种经济动物养殖课程风险教育初探

特种经济动物养殖课程强调特种养殖过程中高投入、高产出和高效益的特点,但较少提及养殖过程中伴随的高风险,这将对特种养殖课程学习者造成不正确的认识。笔者介绍了在特种经济养殖各个环节中可能存在的风险类型及控制措施。这些环节包括养殖品种选择、场舍选址和设计、日常饲养管理和市场销售等,期望帮助特种经济动物养殖课程教学者和学习者了解科学的养殖风险管理机制,面对养殖风险时具备必要的应急处理能力,降低特种养殖中可能存在的风险。     

浙江大学特种经济动物科学系

正特种经济动物科学系包含蚕学、蜂学、水产养殖等三个专业,是特种经济动物饲养(含:蚕、蜂等)国家重点学科所在系,也是"211工程"重点建设单位。其前身是浙江大学蚕桑系(1927年),1999年根据教育部专业目录,由原蚕学专业和蜂学专业为基础,吸收水产和水生生物专业经整合组建而成。现有教学科研人员34人,其中专任教师25人,博士后和项目聘用9人。专任教师中拥有正高职称教师14人(其中博士生导师13人);副高职称9人;具有博士学位的教师比例达92%。研究方向以现代生物技术为主要手段,以蚕、蜂和水产经济动物为主要研究对象,已形成了五个主要研究方向:(1)种质资源与分子育种;(2)生物机能与病害控制;(3)生物反应器与基因工程;(4)生物资源与材料工程;(5)水生生物资源与水产养殖。     

特种经济动物养殖的现状及存在问题

特种经济动物养殖是近二十年崛起的新兴产业,随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对特种经济动物的产品的需求量不断增大,进一步推动了特种养殖业的发展。目前已经形成特种禽类、特种兽类和特种水产养殖并驾齐驱的局面。但是随着特种经济动物饲养发展的同时,也反映了一定的问题,如投资者对市场预测不准、信息不灵,给饲养者带来了严重的经济损失,同时也阻碍特种养殖业发展。     

《养殖水环境化学》课程教学的改革实践与探索

《养殖水环境化学》为水产养殖学专业重要的专业基础课,是一门理论性和实践性均很强的课程,是学习其他水产养殖课程的必修课,学好该课程可以为学生毕业后从事水环境相关工作打下坚实的基础。为了提高教学质量和培养高素质的水产养殖人才,对该课程的教学内容、教学方法、强化实践教学等方面进行了改革尝试,并取得了明显的效果。     

外籍教师讲授《水产动物营养与饲料学》课程的教学活动初探

《水产动物营养与饲料学》课程是我国高等院校水产养殖专业的专业基础与核心课程。笔者邀请外籍教师讲授专业基础课程,对于开阔学生专业视野和提高学习兴趣等具有重要作用,对于专业教师教学经验的积累、教学方法的改进等也具有重要意义。通过对外籍教师讲授《水产动物营养与饲料学》课程的教学实践活动进行分析和经验总结,为有效推进水产专业双语教学与提高教学质量提供参考。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -