间接ELISA检测犬细小病毒病血清抗体方法的建立

用犬肾细胞增殖犬细小病毒,经纯化﹑标化作为包被抗原,建立检测犬细小病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果表明:抗原最佳包被浓度5μg/mL;血清最佳稀释度1:40,反应时间45min;酶标抗体最佳稀释度1:2000,反应时间45min;S/P≥0.240判为阳性,≤0.190判为阴性,介于二者之间为可疑。该抗原不与犬瘟热﹑犬传染性肝炎﹑犬冠状病毒病﹑猫泛白细胞减少症病原阳性血清反应;批内重复试验变异系数小于10%,批间重复试验变异系数小于15%;对20份免疫犬血清进行检测,阳性检出率为85%,明显高于血凝抑制试验(65%),符合率为80%。试验结果表明建立的间接ELISA检测犬细小病毒抗体方法特异、灵敏、可重复性好。     

猪链球菌重组GDH蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立猪链球菌快速诊断方法,本研究以纯化的原核表达的猪链球菌谷氨酸脱氢酶蛋白(GDH)为抗原,建立了检测猪链球菌抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法.实验确定了最佳抗原包被浓度为6 μg/mL,待检血清最佳稀释倍数为1:100,其作用时间为60 min,兔抗猪酶标抗体的最佳稀释倍数为1:2 000,其作用时间为60 min;判定标准为S/P值≥0.210时判为阳性,S/P值≤0.166时判为阴性,介于两者之间的判为可疑.实验结果表明该方法特异性、敏感性和重复性均较好,适用于猪链球菌所有亚型的抗体检测,为猪链球菌的流行病学调查提供了一种简便快速的血清学检测方法.     

犬细小病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及应用

本研究以纯化的犬细小病毒(CPV)重组VP2蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测CPV抗体的间接ELISA 方法,其抗原包被浓度为0.158μg/mL;待检血清稀释倍数为1:100,作用时间为60 min;羊抗犬酶标抗体稀释倍数为1:2 000,作用时间为60 min;底物作用时间为10 min;判定标准为S/P≥O.282时为阳性,S/P≤0.226时为阴性.该方法与犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、犬副粘病毒病、犬波特氏杆茵痛等4种犬常见传染病阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性;批内、批间重复试验变异系数均小于15%,显示该方法具有良好的重复性;与商品化CPV ELISA试剂盒进行比较,符合率为96.5%.本研究为现地免疫犬群抗体监测和进行CPV流行病学调查提供了一种简便的血清学诊断方法.     

犬细小病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及应用

本研究以纯化的犬细小病毒（CPV）重组VP2蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测CPV抗体的间接ELISA方法,其抗原包被浓度为0．158微克／毫升;待检血清稀释倍数为1：100,作用时间为60分钟：羊抗犬酶标抗体稀释倍数为1：2000,作用时间为60分钟;底物作用时间为10分钟;判定标准为S／P≥0．282时为阳性．S／P≤0．226时为阴性。该方法与犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、犬副粘病毒病、犬波特氏杆菌病等4种犬常见传染病阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性;批内、批间重复试验变异系数均小于15％．显示该方法具有良好的重复性;     

犬瘟热病毒F1基因的原核表达与初步应用

将犬瘟热病毒(CDV)F1基因定向克隆入pET-28a( )载体．构建了原核表达质粒pET-28F1。pET-28F1转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)plysS．在IPTG的诱导下．可高效表达目的基因，表达量达菌体蛋白总量的23．52％。Western blot分析表明，所表达蛋白能与抗CDV阳性血清发生特异性的抗原-抗体反应。以E．coli表达的CDV F1蛋白为抗原．HRP标记的兔抗犬IgG为二抗．建立了检测抗CDV抗体的间接ELISA方法。试验表明．应用CDV F1蛋白作为抗原检测抗CDV抗体具有特异性高、抗原易纯化、成本低等特点。     

荧光抗体技术诊断犬瘟热的研究

本研究建立了用于检测犬瘟热病毒的间接荧光抗体染色法。试验确定了1:80稀释的抗犬瘟热单克隆抗体和1:32倍稀释的荧光素标记羊抗鼠IgG为适宜的工作浓度。采用该方法检测21只犬瘟热自然感染犬的血液样品，CDV检出率为76％。对3只犬细小病毒自然感染犬，6只健康犬进行检测，各有一例为CDV抗原阳性。此外，用该方法检测了此21只犬瘟热病犬的眼分泌物、鼻汁、粪便和血涂片，其检出率分别为21％、14％、15％和76％。该方法与临床诊断的符合率为77％。另外，对稀释荧光素标记抗体冷冻保存，测定其保存期至少为7个月，染色后荧光稳定性为2周。该方法是一种简便、快速、特异的检测犬瘟热的方法，适于推广使用。     

狂犬病病毒中和抗体ELISA技术的建立

将狂犬病病毒(RV)糖蛋白(G蛋白)中和抗原表位串联表达的重组蛋白作为抗原,建立了检测RV中和抗体的间接ELISA技术。结果表明,最佳抗原包被量为2μg/孔,被检血清最佳稀释倍数为1:200。该方法与快速荧光灶抑制试验(RFFIT)的阳性符合率为88%,阴性符合率为96%。特异性试验表明,该抗原不与犬腺病毒I型、犬细小病毒、犬瘟热病毒、犬副流感病毒和犬冠状病毒阳性血清发生交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。板内和板间重复性试验的平均变异系数分别为2.7%和4.2%,具有良好的重复性,为动物RV中和抗体检测提供了简单快捷的检测方法。     

犬瘟热病毒捕获ELISA试剂盒的研究

建立犬瘟热病毒捕获ELISA,用于该病的快速诊断。方法采用犬抗CDV抗体包被96孔反应板,用以捕获样品中的CDV,再用CDV单克隆抗体和酶标羊抗鼠IgG检测被捕获的CDV抗原,经方阵试验,确立了抗原捕获ELISA的反应条件,并组装ELISA试剂盒。结果用建立的ELISA方法,检测REOV、CPV2、USCCV、CAV-1、CAV-2病毒,均不发生交叉反应;检测犬的临床样本110份。     

ELISA方法检测犬瘟热抗体初探

本实验以细胞培养犬瘟热病毒作为包被抗原,建立了检测犬瘟热病毒血清抗体的间接ELISA方法。该检测方法抗原最佳包被浓度为5μg/mL,血清最佳稀释度为1∶100。阻断实验、敏感性实验等结果表明该方法特异性强、重复性较好,可用于犬瘟热血清抗体的定量和定性检测。     

犬瘟热病毒F1蛋白的原核表达及其抗原性分析

为表达和鉴定犬瘟热病毒(CDV)F1蛋白,本研究通过RT-PCR扩增了CDV HLJ2-07株F1基因,并将其克隆至pET-30a(+)载体中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下获得大小约为47.5ku以包涵体形式表达的F1重组蛋白,重组蛋白占菌体总蛋白31.5%。Western blot分析表明,表达产物能够被兔抗CDV阳性血清所识别,具有良好的抗原性。间接ELISA检测表明,重组蛋白与犬细小病毒、犬副流感病毒、犬传染性肝炎病毒及犬波特氏杆菌等疾病的阳性血清无交叉反应。本研究为进一步建立检测CDV抗体间接ELISA方法及研制F1蛋白亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.