种子动态图像自动分割与标记技术研究

根据系统实时检测要求 ,研究了基于自动阈值选取的种子图像分割技术 ,采取固定阈值分割与基于迭代方式的最优阈值选取相结合的方法对图像进行分割处理。根据区域内部像素具有灰度相似性 ,将不同的区域赋予不同的标记 ,达到了种子识别的目的 ,同时识别出系统标记与种子目标 ,并进行了定位参数计算。给出的理论分析与计算方法 ,经过大量试验验证 ,已应用于检测试验台中 ,粒距检测误差小于± 2 m m,满足系统实时检测技术要求。     

基于土壤基质的播种精度检测试验

研究了一种基于土壤基质的播种精度检测方法.运动的土槽台车搭载播种机将种子播种到土槽土壤上,同时机器视觉系统动态采集序列图像.采用编码器和PLC等实现台车运动距离检测,控制触发面阵摄像机采集序列图像,完成序列图像的硬件拼接;再通过图像处理拼接算法完成种子的目标识别和序列图像的拼接,得出播种机播种精度结果.试验结果表明:匹配粒距率达85％以上,正确粒距率达70％以上;经多次重复试验后,系统检测的绝对误差在4％以内.     

精准播种机粒距检测系统信号与图像处理的研究

作为一种鉴定精准播种机是否符合精准均匀播种的重要手段,设计了一种由FPGA驱动的线阵CCD播种粒距检测实时成像系统,用于检测播种的种子间距。其中,线阵CCD扫描成像时输出信号夹杂着噪声会造成信号畸变及计算机生成的图像含有噪声。通过分析噪声的产生机理,采用相关双采样降噪技术来抑制噪声,获得优质的图像信号。利用MatLab通过小波变换及阈值收缩法对线阵CCD扫描获取的图像进行去噪处理,以信噪比(PSNR)和均方差(MSE)的评价指标做对比分析,选取最优的阈值处理方法,为精准播种机播种的种子间距检测系统的输出信号降噪和图像去噪提供理论基础及技术支持。     

一种基于小波阈值的图像去噪方法研究

在印刷品质量检测系统中,采集来的图像不可避免会出现噪声。针对这种情况,本文提出了基于小波阈值的图像去噪方法。该方法首先对噪声图像进行小波变换得到小波系数矩阵,硬阈值化后,对阈值化后的小波系数矩阵逆变换。得到去噪图像。实验结果表明,该方法比中值滤波具有更好的去噪效果。     

排种器试验台检测系统的设计与试验

基于计算机视觉和自动控制技术,设计了排种器试验台检测系统.该系统适用于各种排种器的精播、穴播及条播性能的试验和检定,并可生成丰富翔实的试验数据报表.为此,论述了检测系统的设计与构成,对排种图像采集处理的总体流程、图像的拼接、阈值分割和种子边缘提取等内容一一做了叙述,并讨论了数据的综合处理、各种统计和评价的依据等.同时,为了检验该系统的可靠性和准确性,在JPS-12排种器试验台上进行了多种速度下的玉米精播性能检测试验.     

基于图谱特征的番茄种子活力检测与分级

为解决现存分级过程中损伤种子问题,替代仅根据种子表面特征评价的粗筛查方法,本研究基于高光谱的图谱融合技术,提出了一种番茄种子图像采集并辨识种子特征进而将种子分级的算法。试验随机选取170粒番茄种子作为样品,校正集与验证集比例约为3∶1。通过标准发芽试验得到种子活力结果,基于连续投影算法(Successive projections algorithm,SPA)求得反映番茄种子活力的特征波长为:535、577、595、654、684、713、744、768、809、840 nm。对特征波长下的光谱图像进行解析,通过双边滤波法、大津法、形态学变换算法提取了种子边缘轮廓,计算求出每粒种子的面积、圆形度以及图像灰度平均值。基于统计学分析,利用校正集128粒种子的特征值及其标准发芽试验结果求出分级阈值,其中有活力为合格,无活力为不合格。然后,利用验证集42粒种子的特征值对阈值进行验证,结果显示,在713 nm波长下的图像特征对活力结果判断分级的正确率最高,校正集和验证集的正确率分别为93.75%和90.48%。     

阴极铜自动喷码设备板面检测系统的设计

为了解决目前阴极铜喷码作业中存在的问题,实现在阴极铜板面上找到最佳喷码位置,将图像处理技术应用于阴极铜板面检测。对采集到的板面图像进行预处理,并对预处理后的图像采用基于大津算法的阈值分割进行特征提取,将阈值分割处理后的图像进行切割分块处理,分别计算每块图像的面积比,并比较大小,输出最大值对应的子图像编号。实验表明,检测系统的正确率和时效性较高,验证了系统的有效性。     

基于序列图像的排种器性能检测方法

通过分析序列图像的特点和种子目标的运动规律 ,提出了基于序列图像的排种器性能检测方法。包括种子的初速度确定、空间位置坐标变换、离开排种口的时间、图像采集间隔的求取、序列图像空间点的递推拼合、种子水平间距的确定 ,进而获得表征排种均匀度的各种特征量。实验证明 ,基于计算机视觉的排种器性能检测系统的结果可靠 ,检测速度快     

种子包衣合格率图像检测系统设计与试验

为满足对种子包衣合格率定量检测的需求,设计一套基于图像处理的检测系统,由上料下料系统、图像采集系统、控制系统和壳体等部件组成。该系统通过4个工业相机获取种子表面图像,通过工控机和软件进行处理,分别计算种子表面积和包衣面积,得到每粒种子包衣覆盖率和一批种子的包衣合格率。试验结果表明,单粒种子的平均检测时间小于3 s,覆盖率准确度的检测误差小于0.5%,覆盖率一致性偏差小于4%;一批种子合格率重复率为98.12%,差错率小于1%。与传统检测系统相比,该系统检测速度快,检测精度较高,差错率小,结构紧凑,能满足种子包衣合格率的定量检测。     

基于颜色距离算法的绿皮马铃薯检测方法研究

提出一种基于欧氏距离和相对距离对马铃薯绿皮进行检测的检测方法。该方法以颜色特征分析为基础,利用RGB空间特征,结合阈值选取,实现对马铃薯绿皮缺陷检测。首先建立马铃薯图像采集系统,采集绿皮马铃薯图像进行彩色图像预处理;通过利用阈值判别方法对马铃薯绿皮进行检测,实现对绿皮区域的准确分割。试验结果表明,该方法能够正确识别绿皮区域,准确率达93%,方法简单、识别率高、稳定性强。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。