中熟转基因抗虫棉品种中棉所96014

中棉所96014是转抗虫基因常规棉花品种,于2021年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种在湖北省种植平均生育期122 d,单株结铃32.6个,铃重5.49 g,整个生育期生长势较强,整齐度好,表现出抗逆性强、丰产性好、适应性强的优良特性,品种推广潜力大。通过总结介绍该品种的选育过程、特征特性、栽培技术要点等,为品种的利用提供参考。     

抗虫杂交棉鄂杂棉24F1高产优质栽培技术

鄂杂棉24F1是荆州农业科学院选育的高产、稳产、抗病、抗虫杂交棉,先后通过湖北省品种审定委员会和全国品种审定委员会审定,审定编号分别为2006009和2006017。通过近几年在湖北省内外推广种植,鄂杂棉24F1表现出较强的稳定性和适应性,目前,该品种已成为湖北省主推棉花品种之一,在湖南、安徽和河南等省也有较大面积的种植,深受农户喜爱。为了更好地挖掘其品种生产潜力,通过认真研究技术方案,在湖北省内外进行多点试验示范并结合大面积推广应用,总结归纳了一套鄂杂棉24F1的高产优质栽培技术,以供参考。1适时精播,培育壮苗鄂杂棉24F1的种子生…     

优质高产籼型杂交晚稻新组合岳优26

岳优26是湖北省咸宁市农科所用咸恢26与岳4A配组而成的籼型杂交晚稻新组合。该组合具有高产稳产、熟期适中、米质优、抗性强、制种易获高产和适应性强等特点，于2003年2月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

小麦新品种"荆麦103"选育及特征特性

荆州市农科院育成的小麦新品种"荆麦103",经过2006至2007年院品种对比试验,2007至2009年通过湖北省小麦区域试验,2009年同时进行生产试验,田间表现为丰产性、稳产性较好,抗倒能力强,综合抗性较优,2009年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,品种审定编号为鄂审麦2009002.     

强优势棉花杂交种中棉1279选育及其种植表现

强优势杂交种中棉1279 于2017年通过湖北省农作物品种审定和江西省农作物品种审定。介绍了其选育过程、品种特征特性、主要优点、主要适宜地区、示范种植表现和栽培技术要点。     

杂交中籼协优9019高产制种技术

协优9019是安徽省农科院水稻研究所育成的杂交中籼新组合,具有高产、优质、抗病能力强、适应性较广等特点,2003年通过安徽省农作物品种审定,2005年通过国家农作物品种审定。根据协优9019双亲的特征特性,从准确安排父母本播差期、适时播种、培育父本多蘖壮秧、加强肥水管理、培育高产群体、巧用激素、适时赶粉等方面总结了其高产制种技术。     

小麦新品种“荆麦103”选育及特征特性

荆州市农科院育成的小麦新品种“荆麦103”，经过2006至2007年院品种对比试验，2007至2009年通过湖北省小麦区域试验，2009年同时进行生产试验，田间表现为丰产性、稳产性较好，抗倒能力强，综合抗性较优，2009年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定，品种审定编号为鄂审麦2009002。     

优质水稻恢复系香5的选育与应用

香5是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所采用9311、鄂中5号和中国香稻复交,于2008年育成的籼型恢复系,具有株型适中、优质、配合力强、花粉量大、花粉活力强、制种产量高等特性,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

杂交中籼绵2优838高产制种技术

杂交中籼新组合绵2优838具有高产稳产、抗逆性较强、适应性广等特点,2002年通过湖北省品种审定,2003年通过国家南方稻区长江上游中籼迟熟高产组区试,推荐审定.其高产制种技术主要是确定播差、适时播种,培育壮秧、合理密植,加强肥水管理,巧施"九二○",防治病虫、去杂保纯等.     

优质高产两系杂交中稻新组合两优3313

两优3313是湖北省襄阳市农业科学院用两系不育系033S与自育恢复系R13配组育成的两系杂交中稻新组合,具有品质优、产量高、抗倒性强、生育期适宜等特点。2014年12月通过湖北省农作物品种审定。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.     

Recent Modifications of Chitosan for Adsorption Applications: A Critical and Systematic Review

Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).